科技企业孵化器服务创新对孵化企业绩效影响研究
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摘要
科技企业孵化器正日渐广为人关注,因为其对科技产业发展的贡献显著;科技企业孵化器也具有一定的神秘性,因为对其运行和作用机理不甚明了。为科技企业孵化器的定位、作用和机理做正本清源式的探索是研究者的义务,本文选取科技企业孵化器的服务对孵化企业绩效的影响这样一个视角进行研究,期望为孵化器工作相关方找寻一个新的支点。
本文分析了国内外企业孵化器的发展历程、服务分类以及困惑企业孵化器工作者、相关方对企业孵化器作用机理的模糊认识,探讨了孵化企业绩效评价指标及绩效影响因素。科技企业孵化器服务基本可分为基础与业务服务、网络与政策服务、教育与环境服务等三类。孵化企业绩效影响因素主要包括战略、资源、组织团队、创业者、学历与教育等五类。孵化企业绩效可分为财务绩效、成长绩效和创新绩效等三类。
提出了科技企业孵化器服务、孵化企业绩效影响因素及孵化企业绩效三者之间的关系模型。科技企业孵化器服务主要是通过孵化企业绩效影响因素影响孵化企业绩效的,即科技企业孵化器服务直接影响孵化企业绩效影响因素,而孵化企业绩效影响因素直接影响孵化企业绩效,是一个两级传递关系,科技企业孵化器服务间接影响孵化企业绩效。
通过对深圳市南山区150余家科技孵化企业进行访谈和问卷调查,对所获得的数据进行统计分析和结构建模,分析了科技孵化器的服务对孵化企业绩效作用的机理,得到如下主要研究结论:
科技企业孵化器不同的服务与孵化企业的不同绩效影响因素具有不同程度的相关关系。科技企业孵化器提供的基础与业务服务主要对孵化企业的战略、资源、组织团队、创业者有积极影响。科技企业孵化器提供的网络与政策服务主要对孵化企业的资源及学历与教育有积极影响。科技企业孵化器提供的教育与环境服务主要对孵化企业的创业者、教育学历有积极影响。
孵化企业的不同绩效影响因素与孵化企业的不同绩效指标之间具有不同程度的相关关系。资源、组织团队、战略、创业者、教育学历对孵化企业的创新及成长绩效有积极影响,对财务绩效有较弱影响,企业孵化器根据绩效影响因素对企业绩效的相关程度配置服务资源,提高服务效率。
此外,对深圳市南山区科技创业服务中心进行了深入的案例研究。分析了案例单位在孵化器服务提供方面的成功做法,系统地描述了案例单位的创新服务对其孵化企业绩效的作用路径;在此基础上,调查了孵化企业对科技企业孵化器服务创新的期望,为科技企业孵化器的服务创新指引了方向、明确了重点。
最后,对本研究进行了总结,对研究的创新性和实用性作了简要说明,指明了其对实际工作的指导意义;同时也指出了研究的局限性与未来的研究重点,比如企业孵化器内外部企业的对比研究,企业孵化器密集状态下可能的“大孵化器效应”等。
Technology business incubator are increasingly concerned widely because of its contribution to the development of the technology industry significantly;technology business incubator also is mysterious,since its operation mechanism is unclear.It is the obligations of the researchers to research the role,operation mechanism and function of technology business incubator,therefore,this paper select the subject that the influence of technology business incubator services on the performance of incubated business.And hope to find a perspective and new work point for the people and constitution related to business incubator.
This paper analyzes the course of development of domestic and foreign business incubator,services and the classification of business incubators.And then analyzes the understandings of the operation mechanism of business incubator in research and practice,explore a evaluation system of incubated business performance and performance factors.Technology business incubator services can be mainly divided into three types such as base and business services,network and policy services, education and environment services.The performance factors of incubated business mainly include strategy,resource,organization team,entrepreneur,and education. Incubator business performance can be classified into financial performance,growth performance and innovation performance
Put forward a model of the relationships of incubator services,the performance factors and business performance.The main path of affect of incubator service on the performance of incubated business is indirect,that is the incubator services affect the performance factors of business at first,then the performance factors affect the performance of incubated business.It is a two-stage transfer relationship between the effects.Technology business incubator services affect the performance of incubated business indirectly
On the basis of more than 150 incubated business interviews and questionnaires in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,the data were obtained and analyzed by statistical analysis and structural equation model,the paper mainly take analysis of mechanism of incubator services on the performance incubated business,the main conclusions of the study are as follows:
Technology business incubator in a variety of services have different effects on various performance factors.The basis and business services have the positive affect on the performance factors including strategy,resource,organization team, entrepreneur and education.The network and policy services have a positive impact on the performance factors of resource.The education and environmental services have a positive influence on entrepreneur and education of incubated business.
The affect degree of different performance factors of incubated business on the performance of incubated business is differently.Such as the resource,organizational team,strategy,entrepreneur,education have positive effect on the growth performance of incubated business,business incubator should consider the power of the effect to allocate service resources effectively for incubated business.
In addition,the Nanshan District Science and Technology Venture Service Center, Shenzhen,was conducted as an in-depth case study.The successful practice experiences of the case were analyzed.And the affect path of its services were systematically described;On this basis,a survey was conduct about expectations of new service of business incubators,the results and conclusions of the services survey provide some suggestions of the focus and direction of service innovation.
Finally,this research summarized the conclusions,giving a brief description of the characteristics of innovation and practice of service,pointing out the actual work importance of it;at the same time point out the limitations of the research and future research priorities,such as a comparative research of business which located internal and external business incubators,and a research on "grand incubator effect" of business incubator union under the state of intensity-networked incubators.
本文分析了国内外企业孵化器的发展历程、服务分类以及困惑企业孵化器工作者、相关方对企业孵化器作用机理的模糊认识,探讨了孵化企业绩效评价指标及绩效影响因素。科技企业孵化器服务基本可分为基础与业务服务、网络与政策服务、教育与环境服务等三类。孵化企业绩效影响因素主要包括战略、资源、组织团队、创业者、学历与教育等五类。孵化企业绩效可分为财务绩效、成长绩效和创新绩效等三类。
提出了科技企业孵化器服务、孵化企业绩效影响因素及孵化企业绩效三者之间的关系模型。科技企业孵化器服务主要是通过孵化企业绩效影响因素影响孵化企业绩效的,即科技企业孵化器服务直接影响孵化企业绩效影响因素,而孵化企业绩效影响因素直接影响孵化企业绩效,是一个两级传递关系,科技企业孵化器服务间接影响孵化企业绩效。
通过对深圳市南山区150余家科技孵化企业进行访谈和问卷调查,对所获得的数据进行统计分析和结构建模,分析了科技孵化器的服务对孵化企业绩效作用的机理,得到如下主要研究结论:
科技企业孵化器不同的服务与孵化企业的不同绩效影响因素具有不同程度的相关关系。科技企业孵化器提供的基础与业务服务主要对孵化企业的战略、资源、组织团队、创业者有积极影响。科技企业孵化器提供的网络与政策服务主要对孵化企业的资源及学历与教育有积极影响。科技企业孵化器提供的教育与环境服务主要对孵化企业的创业者、教育学历有积极影响。
孵化企业的不同绩效影响因素与孵化企业的不同绩效指标之间具有不同程度的相关关系。资源、组织团队、战略、创业者、教育学历对孵化企业的创新及成长绩效有积极影响,对财务绩效有较弱影响,企业孵化器根据绩效影响因素对企业绩效的相关程度配置服务资源,提高服务效率。
此外,对深圳市南山区科技创业服务中心进行了深入的案例研究。分析了案例单位在孵化器服务提供方面的成功做法,系统地描述了案例单位的创新服务对其孵化企业绩效的作用路径;在此基础上,调查了孵化企业对科技企业孵化器服务创新的期望,为科技企业孵化器的服务创新指引了方向、明确了重点。
最后,对本研究进行了总结,对研究的创新性和实用性作了简要说明,指明了其对实际工作的指导意义;同时也指出了研究的局限性与未来的研究重点,比如企业孵化器内外部企业的对比研究,企业孵化器密集状态下可能的“大孵化器效应”等。
Technology business incubator are increasingly concerned widely because of its contribution to the development of the technology industry significantly;technology business incubator also is mysterious,since its operation mechanism is unclear.It is the obligations of the researchers to research the role,operation mechanism and function of technology business incubator,therefore,this paper select the subject that the influence of technology business incubator services on the performance of incubated business.And hope to find a perspective and new work point for the people and constitution related to business incubator.
This paper analyzes the course of development of domestic and foreign business incubator,services and the classification of business incubators.And then analyzes the understandings of the operation mechanism of business incubator in research and practice,explore a evaluation system of incubated business performance and performance factors.Technology business incubator services can be mainly divided into three types such as base and business services,network and policy services, education and environment services.The performance factors of incubated business mainly include strategy,resource,organization team,entrepreneur,and education. Incubator business performance can be classified into financial performance,growth performance and innovation performance
Put forward a model of the relationships of incubator services,the performance factors and business performance.The main path of affect of incubator service on the performance of incubated business is indirect,that is the incubator services affect the performance factors of business at first,then the performance factors affect the performance of incubated business.It is a two-stage transfer relationship between the effects.Technology business incubator services affect the performance of incubated business indirectly
On the basis of more than 150 incubated business interviews and questionnaires in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,the data were obtained and analyzed by statistical analysis and structural equation model,the paper mainly take analysis of mechanism of incubator services on the performance incubated business,the main conclusions of the study are as follows:
Technology business incubator in a variety of services have different effects on various performance factors.The basis and business services have the positive affect on the performance factors including strategy,resource,organization team, entrepreneur and education.The network and policy services have a positive impact on the performance factors of resource.The education and environmental services have a positive influence on entrepreneur and education of incubated business.
The affect degree of different performance factors of incubated business on the performance of incubated business is differently.Such as the resource,organizational team,strategy,entrepreneur,education have positive effect on the growth performance of incubated business,business incubator should consider the power of the effect to allocate service resources effectively for incubated business.
In addition,the Nanshan District Science and Technology Venture Service Center, Shenzhen,was conducted as an in-depth case study.The successful practice experiences of the case were analyzed.And the affect path of its services were systematically described;On this basis,a survey was conduct about expectations of new service of business incubators,the results and conclusions of the services survey provide some suggestions of the focus and direction of service innovation.
Finally,this research summarized the conclusions,giving a brief description of the characteristics of innovation and practice of service,pointing out the actual work importance of it;at the same time point out the limitations of the research and future research priorities,such as a comparative research of business which located internal and external business incubators,and a research on "grand incubator effect" of business incubator union under the state of intensity-networked incubators.
引文
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