基于东方管理五缘关系视角的人格与绩效研究
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摘要
传统儒家思想十分强调伦理道德对个人行为的影响,认为个体通过不断追求自我修养的提升,才能够得以实现齐家治国平天下的抱负,从而得以“明明德”。因此中国文化对“为人之道”十分重视,认为做人是行为的起点,个体只要学会做人,就能够在日常的工作生活中处理好各项事务。随着历史的发展,市场经济、社会变迁等因素引发了中国社会诸多观念的变化。在现代的中国社会中,做人与做事之间存在着什么样的联系?为什么会存在这些联系?它们之间是如何联系的?在中国特有的文化背景下探讨上述问题具有重要的理论意义和实践意义,因此本研究将围绕它们展开论述。
在管理学领域对做人与做事的探讨就是对人格与绩效的研究。符合社会评判标准的人格特质往往能够为个体带来更好的工作绩效,而人格对绩效作用的过程则凸显了五缘关系的重要性。在中国“关系本位”的社会背景下,个体特别看重与他人之间的关系。在与外界交往的过程中,特定的人格特质往往能获取更多、更高品质的五缘关系,从而使个体得以获得更好的绩效。因此本文综合运用东方管理学思想、五缘关系理论以及西方关于人格、绩效、社会资本等理论,对中国社会特有的人格特征、绩效特征、五缘关系等内容及相关概念之间的关系展开系统深入的研究,构建了人格-五缘关系-绩效模型,并采用问卷调查和案例分析相结合的实证分析方法,验证了在中国文化中不同的人格特质与各种绩效之间存在的具体相关关系,同时也验证了五缘关系在不同人格预测不同绩效过程中的成因。在实证分析的基础上,本研究进一步整合相关理论,构建了五缘关系体系框架,从而揭示了中国社会中五缘关系产生作用的各种机制和过程。
该研究具有鲜明的中国特色,结论对企业选人、用人和培训员工等方面的管理工作提供了一定的帮助；同时为个体了解自身的人格特质,深入理解中国“关系”社会本质,帮助其在工作生活中更好的构建、发展和运用五缘关系提供了系统的思考。从更深层的意义来看,无论是宜人性人格特质、关联绩效等概念的剖析,还是人格、五缘关系、绩效之间的互动过程研究,都验证了东方管理“三为”思想的系列命题,充分体现了人与人之间互惠方能互利的道德诉求,这对东方管理思想的发展和东方管理研究方法的创新作出了全新的尝试。
Traditional Confucianism puts much emphasis on the influence of ethics on individual behaviors. Only through constant pursuit of inner cultivation can individuals“harmonize the family, serve the state, make peace prevail in the world”and finally“illuminate the quintessence of a noble moral character.”Hence Chinese culture has always attached great importance to“the ways of conducting oneself”. Conducting oneself is the point of departure for all behaviors. As long as the individual knows how to conduct himself/herself, he/she will be able to cope well with daily work and life. With the development of history, such elements as market economy and social changes have brought about changes in notions in Chinese society. In modern Chinese society, what are the relations between conducting oneself and getting things done? Why do these relations exist? How are they interrelated? These issues are very important in Chinese culture background and this study will focus on them.
The discussion of conducting oneself and getting things done corresponds to the study of personality and performance in the field of management. The personality that conforms to social criteria is more likely to secure good performances for the individual. And the process of personality acting on performance underscores the significance of "Five predestined guanxi".In the Chinese context of“guanxi-oriented”society, the individual lays much stress on his relationships with other people. In the process of interpersonal interactions, a particular personality tends to procure more and better“Five predestined guanxi”, thus enabling the individual to attain better performance. Using oriental management ideas, five predestined guanxi theory, personality theory, performance theory and social capital theory, this paper deeply and systematically research on personality character, performance character, five predestined guanxi in Chinese society and the relations among these concepts. By constructing a Personality-Five predestined guanxi-Performance model and employing the empirical method of questionnaire and case study, this paper tries to test the validity of interdependence between personality and performance in Chinese culture and the cause“Five predestined guanxi”play in using personality to predict performances. Based on empirical analyses, this study further inoculates related theories, builds up a framework of“Five predestined guanxi”and unravels the mechanisms and processes of their effective functioning.
This study has distinct Chinese characteristics. The result of this study shall be helpful for corporations in their management work such as recruitment, employment and training. It shall also make a systematic reflection of how the individual should know his own personality, understand the social essence of“guanxi”in China, and better construct, develop, and utilize his/her“Five predestined guanxi”. In a deeper sense, both the postulation of such concepts as agreeable personality and contextual performance and the research of interactions between personality, five predestined guanxi and performance, testify to a series of propositions of the Tri-wei thought of oriental management, and demonstrate the moral requirements of the principle of reciprocity. This research is a new attempt to the development of oriental management thought and the innovation of oriental management research methods.
在管理学领域对做人与做事的探讨就是对人格与绩效的研究。符合社会评判标准的人格特质往往能够为个体带来更好的工作绩效,而人格对绩效作用的过程则凸显了五缘关系的重要性。在中国“关系本位”的社会背景下,个体特别看重与他人之间的关系。在与外界交往的过程中,特定的人格特质往往能获取更多、更高品质的五缘关系,从而使个体得以获得更好的绩效。因此本文综合运用东方管理学思想、五缘关系理论以及西方关于人格、绩效、社会资本等理论,对中国社会特有的人格特征、绩效特征、五缘关系等内容及相关概念之间的关系展开系统深入的研究,构建了人格-五缘关系-绩效模型,并采用问卷调查和案例分析相结合的实证分析方法,验证了在中国文化中不同的人格特质与各种绩效之间存在的具体相关关系,同时也验证了五缘关系在不同人格预测不同绩效过程中的成因。在实证分析的基础上,本研究进一步整合相关理论,构建了五缘关系体系框架,从而揭示了中国社会中五缘关系产生作用的各种机制和过程。
该研究具有鲜明的中国特色,结论对企业选人、用人和培训员工等方面的管理工作提供了一定的帮助；同时为个体了解自身的人格特质,深入理解中国“关系”社会本质,帮助其在工作生活中更好的构建、发展和运用五缘关系提供了系统的思考。从更深层的意义来看,无论是宜人性人格特质、关联绩效等概念的剖析,还是人格、五缘关系、绩效之间的互动过程研究,都验证了东方管理“三为”思想的系列命题,充分体现了人与人之间互惠方能互利的道德诉求,这对东方管理思想的发展和东方管理研究方法的创新作出了全新的尝试。
Traditional Confucianism puts much emphasis on the influence of ethics on individual behaviors. Only through constant pursuit of inner cultivation can individuals“harmonize the family, serve the state, make peace prevail in the world”and finally“illuminate the quintessence of a noble moral character.”Hence Chinese culture has always attached great importance to“the ways of conducting oneself”. Conducting oneself is the point of departure for all behaviors. As long as the individual knows how to conduct himself/herself, he/she will be able to cope well with daily work and life. With the development of history, such elements as market economy and social changes have brought about changes in notions in Chinese society. In modern Chinese society, what are the relations between conducting oneself and getting things done? Why do these relations exist? How are they interrelated? These issues are very important in Chinese culture background and this study will focus on them.
The discussion of conducting oneself and getting things done corresponds to the study of personality and performance in the field of management. The personality that conforms to social criteria is more likely to secure good performances for the individual. And the process of personality acting on performance underscores the significance of "Five predestined guanxi".In the Chinese context of“guanxi-oriented”society, the individual lays much stress on his relationships with other people. In the process of interpersonal interactions, a particular personality tends to procure more and better“Five predestined guanxi”, thus enabling the individual to attain better performance. Using oriental management ideas, five predestined guanxi theory, personality theory, performance theory and social capital theory, this paper deeply and systematically research on personality character, performance character, five predestined guanxi in Chinese society and the relations among these concepts. By constructing a Personality-Five predestined guanxi-Performance model and employing the empirical method of questionnaire and case study, this paper tries to test the validity of interdependence between personality and performance in Chinese culture and the cause“Five predestined guanxi”play in using personality to predict performances. Based on empirical analyses, this study further inoculates related theories, builds up a framework of“Five predestined guanxi”and unravels the mechanisms and processes of their effective functioning.
This study has distinct Chinese characteristics. The result of this study shall be helpful for corporations in their management work such as recruitment, employment and training. It shall also make a systematic reflection of how the individual should know his own personality, understand the social essence of“guanxi”in China, and better construct, develop, and utilize his/her“Five predestined guanxi”. In a deeper sense, both the postulation of such concepts as agreeable personality and contextual performance and the research of interactions between personality, five predestined guanxi and performance, testify to a series of propositions of the Tri-wei thought of oriental management, and demonstrate the moral requirements of the principle of reciprocity. This research is a new attempt to the development of oriental management thought and the innovation of oriental management research methods.
引文
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