基于资源整合的农业信息服务平台构建与实现
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摘要
信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展的大趋势，信息化水平已成为衡量一个国家和地区现代化水平的重要标志。一个国家的信息化程度，代表着其社会生产力水平，也决定着这个国家今后的生存和发展。
农业是国民经济的基础产业和重要组成部分。农业和农村的信息化关系到国民经济的快速持续发展，是全国信息化发展的重点也是难点。当前，农业信息服务水平有了一定提高，但是总体而言农村地区的信息化水平还是较低的。加快信息化建设，提高农业信息服务水平已经迫在眉睫。因此，研究和构建农业信息服务平台对于促进我国农业信息化建设具有一定的理论和实践意义。
本文从农业信息服务发展的社会背景、经济背景和政策背景入手，分析了农业信息服务发展的必要性和重要意义。文章回顾了国内外农业信息服务的研究现状，分别从农业信息服务的理论研究、模式研究、需求研究、供给研究、评价研究和服务平台研究等不同角度进行了总结和归纳。进而对文章中出现的概念和理论进行界定，在此基础上开展农业信息服务的系统研究。
首先，农业信息服务现状的调查分析。一是采用问卷调查的方法对农民的信息需求情况进行了研究。得出的结论为：农民的信息需求意识强烈，主要的信息需求种类有市场供求信息和农业科技信息。信息获取的渠道主要是电视和电话，其次是亲戚朋友的交流和沟通。农民对信息的需求受到诸多因素的影响，其中不知道去哪找所需信息的人员比例占到了74.01%，其次就是受到个人的文化程度和经济条件的制约，信息需求不能充分得到满足。总结得出了当前农民信息需求的特点是：需求信息层次不断深化、需求信息类别多样化和需求信息渠道多样化三个方面。
二是农业信息服务供给进行了分析，结合调查数据主要分析了农业信息服务机构的基础设施情况，农业信息服务人员的知识结构和接受培训情况，农业信息服务人员对信息服务的认识，农业信息服务的具体内容和实际效果，农业信息服务部门和人员的信息来源等，结果表明农业服务人员的知识结构限制了农业信息服务的质量，接受和参与培训的机会较少，开展的农业信息服务活动有限，效果也不甚理想。
三是利用层次分析法对农业信息服务水平进行了综合评价，通过构建评价指标体系，了解和掌握当前农业信息服务的具体情况，总体把握农业信息服务的发展水平，研究结果为沈阳市和丹东市的农业信息服务水平较高，具体表现为凤城市和辽中县的评价综合指数较高，阜新地区的农业信息服务水平较低，具体体现在信息基础设施和人员不能适应农业信息服务的需要。然后，对我国农业信息服务平台的建设现状和问题进行了分析，指出目前存在的主要问题是信息平台建设的同质化现象和后期维护不及时。
四是结合上述的需求和供给分析，对农业信息服务进行了供需均衡分析，认为当前农业信息服务的均衡是低水平的均衡，需要改变外界条件，提升到较高层次的均衡水平。同时对农业信息服务中的相关方进行了博弈分析，在不完全信息动态博弈中，政府在农业信息服务中的地位至关重要，其态度和行为直接影响农民对信息服务的选择和参与程度。
其次，结合对农业信息服务的现状调查分析结果，提出了构建农业信息服务平台的途径和方法。研究构建了基于农业院校面向农民的农业信息服务平台。围绕平台的定位和建设目标，提出平台构建的系统性、易用性、实用性和可扩展性原则，运用.NET技术、SQL数据库技术，采用B/S架构，系统设计平台的接口层、应用层和数据层。整合信息、人力、社会经济等资源，对农业信息服务平台进行栏目顶层规划和设计，共设计了6个组成部分，分别是农业技术网、北方粳稻网、农村发展网、知识专家系统、在线咨询和商务平台。继而对每个部分进行栏目的具体设置和规划，同时设计平台的后台管理系统和安全控制系统，后台管理系统具有一站式的管理功能，可以同时对新闻类信息、专家系统、在线咨询、管理员等进行同时管理和维护，提高平台管理和维护的工作效率。
通过软件开发实现了农业信息服务平台的预期效果，完成了专家系统的设计，后台管理信息系统的设置，并进行了平台的运行和维护。建立健全了农业信息服务平台的管理机制，通过对维护人员的管理和培训保证了信息服务平台的可持续发展和信息更新速度。农业信息服务平台的信息服务功能主要有一般性信息服务、专家咨询服务、在线知识学习和交互式信息服务四种。
最后，文章总结了研究结论，并提出了研究中存在的不足之处和后续的研究展望，为我国的农业信息服务的发展提供理论基础和实践依据。
Informatization is the world's current development trend in economic and social aspect.The informationization level has become the important symbol to measure the modernizationlevel of a country or area. Country informationization level, which represents the level ofsocial productive forces, decides survival and development of the country in the future.
Agriculture is the foundation and important part of the national economy industry.Agriculture and rural informatization is related to the development of national economy withrapid and sustainable way. Meanwhile，it is key point and difficulties to the development ofthe national informatization. The agricultural information service level had made improve tosome content, but the informationization level of rural areas was lower overall. It is imminentto speed up the informatization construction and improve the level of agricultural informationservice. Therefore, the study and the construction of the new mode of agricultural informationservice platform will have certain theoretical and practical significance.
It is analyzed that the necessity and important meaning of development of the agricultureinformation service based on background from social, economic and policy. The articlereviews the research status of agriculture information service. It was summarized andconcluded that separately from the agriculture information service theory, model, needs study,supply research, evaluation research and service platform research about agriculturalinformation service. The study about agriculture information service was done based on thedefinition of the concept and theory.
At the beginning, the current situation of the agricultural information service wasinvestigated and analyzed. At first, it is to survey the farmer’s information needs adoptedquestionnaire. The results showed that information demand of farmers is strong. The mainneed information types were market supply and demand information and agricultural scienceand technology information for famers. Information acquisition channel mainly is the TV andphone, followed by the exchange and communication between relatives and friends.Theinformation need of farmers is affected by many factors, which don't know where to go looking for up to74.01%, as well as influenced by individual cultural degree and economicrestrictions. The current characteristics of the farmers information needs are the demandinformation level deepening demand information category diversification and demandinformation channel diversification.
Second, it is analyzed to the agriculture information service supply. They were analyzedwith the investigation data such as the agriculture information service infrastructure,agriculture information service personnel knowledge structure and training, agricultureinformation service personnel understanding, the agriculture information service of thespecific content and actual effect, the agriculture information service provider sources ofinformation. The results show that the lower knowledge structure of agriculture servicepersonnel limited the quality, which own less chance to accept and to participate in training.Agricultural information service activities are limited and less effect.
Third, it is to evaluate comprehensively that the agriculture information service levelwith the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). By constructing evaluation index system, it is tounderstand and grasp the current specific conditions of the agricultural information service,aimed to obtain the general development level of the agriculture information service. Andthen, agricultural information service platform construction situation and problems in ourcountry were analyzed. The article points out the existing problem such as homogeneityphenomenon of the construction of information platform and no timely update.
Fourth, it is to analysis the the supply and demand equilibrium of agriculturalinformation service based on above. It thinks that the current equilibrium is the balances withthe low level, which need to ascend to a higher level of the equilibrium level by changing theexternal conditions. At the same time, the game analysis for the relevant party of agriculturalinformation service in not complete information dynamic game was made. The resultsshowed that the government position in the agricultural information service is very important.The government's attitude and behavior directly influence the the choice of and participate indegree for farmers in the information service.
Then, according to present situation investigation analysis results of the agricultureinformation service, way and method is to put forward for constructing agricultural information service platform. Agriculture information service platform was constructedbased on the agricultural university for farmers. It is to design system the platform layer, theapplication layer and data interface layer around the orientation and construction goal whichfocus on the systematic platform, usability, practicability and expansibility principle based onthe.net technology, SQL database technology and B/S structure. The information resources,human resources, social and economic resources were combined. Platform columns wereplanned and designed to the agricultural information service. The platform is constituted bysix parts. They are agricultural technology nets, northern japonica nets, rural developmentnets, knowledge expert system, online consulting and business platform. Meanwhile, For thecolumn of each part of platform is setted and planned. The background management systemand security control system was designed for platform. The background management systemowned one-stop management function, which can manage news information, expert system,online consultation, administrator, etc at the same time with high efficiency.
It is to achieve the desired effect through the software development of agriculturalinformation service platform, with the design of expert system and settings of the backgroundof the management information system. It is to establish and perfect the the managementmechanism of agriculture information service platform, which aim to guarantee sustainabledevelopment and information renewal speed through management and training formanagers.The agriculture information service platform can provide four information servicefunction. They are mainly general information service, expert consultation services, onlineknowledge learning and interactive information service four.
Finally, the article draw research conclusion based on the above and put forward thedisadvantages existing in the research and subsequent forecast. The purpose is to providetheoretical foundation and the practice basis for development of China's agricultureinformation service.
农业是国民经济的基础产业和重要组成部分。农业和农村的信息化关系到国民经济的快速持续发展，是全国信息化发展的重点也是难点。当前，农业信息服务水平有了一定提高，但是总体而言农村地区的信息化水平还是较低的。加快信息化建设，提高农业信息服务水平已经迫在眉睫。因此，研究和构建农业信息服务平台对于促进我国农业信息化建设具有一定的理论和实践意义。
本文从农业信息服务发展的社会背景、经济背景和政策背景入手，分析了农业信息服务发展的必要性和重要意义。文章回顾了国内外农业信息服务的研究现状，分别从农业信息服务的理论研究、模式研究、需求研究、供给研究、评价研究和服务平台研究等不同角度进行了总结和归纳。进而对文章中出现的概念和理论进行界定，在此基础上开展农业信息服务的系统研究。
首先，农业信息服务现状的调查分析。一是采用问卷调查的方法对农民的信息需求情况进行了研究。得出的结论为：农民的信息需求意识强烈，主要的信息需求种类有市场供求信息和农业科技信息。信息获取的渠道主要是电视和电话，其次是亲戚朋友的交流和沟通。农民对信息的需求受到诸多因素的影响，其中不知道去哪找所需信息的人员比例占到了74.01%，其次就是受到个人的文化程度和经济条件的制约，信息需求不能充分得到满足。总结得出了当前农民信息需求的特点是：需求信息层次不断深化、需求信息类别多样化和需求信息渠道多样化三个方面。
二是农业信息服务供给进行了分析，结合调查数据主要分析了农业信息服务机构的基础设施情况，农业信息服务人员的知识结构和接受培训情况，农业信息服务人员对信息服务的认识，农业信息服务的具体内容和实际效果，农业信息服务部门和人员的信息来源等，结果表明农业服务人员的知识结构限制了农业信息服务的质量，接受和参与培训的机会较少，开展的农业信息服务活动有限，效果也不甚理想。
三是利用层次分析法对农业信息服务水平进行了综合评价，通过构建评价指标体系，了解和掌握当前农业信息服务的具体情况，总体把握农业信息服务的发展水平，研究结果为沈阳市和丹东市的农业信息服务水平较高，具体表现为凤城市和辽中县的评价综合指数较高，阜新地区的农业信息服务水平较低，具体体现在信息基础设施和人员不能适应农业信息服务的需要。然后，对我国农业信息服务平台的建设现状和问题进行了分析，指出目前存在的主要问题是信息平台建设的同质化现象和后期维护不及时。
四是结合上述的需求和供给分析，对农业信息服务进行了供需均衡分析，认为当前农业信息服务的均衡是低水平的均衡，需要改变外界条件，提升到较高层次的均衡水平。同时对农业信息服务中的相关方进行了博弈分析，在不完全信息动态博弈中，政府在农业信息服务中的地位至关重要，其态度和行为直接影响农民对信息服务的选择和参与程度。
其次，结合对农业信息服务的现状调查分析结果，提出了构建农业信息服务平台的途径和方法。研究构建了基于农业院校面向农民的农业信息服务平台。围绕平台的定位和建设目标，提出平台构建的系统性、易用性、实用性和可扩展性原则，运用.NET技术、SQL数据库技术，采用B/S架构，系统设计平台的接口层、应用层和数据层。整合信息、人力、社会经济等资源，对农业信息服务平台进行栏目顶层规划和设计，共设计了6个组成部分，分别是农业技术网、北方粳稻网、农村发展网、知识专家系统、在线咨询和商务平台。继而对每个部分进行栏目的具体设置和规划，同时设计平台的后台管理系统和安全控制系统，后台管理系统具有一站式的管理功能，可以同时对新闻类信息、专家系统、在线咨询、管理员等进行同时管理和维护，提高平台管理和维护的工作效率。
通过软件开发实现了农业信息服务平台的预期效果，完成了专家系统的设计，后台管理信息系统的设置，并进行了平台的运行和维护。建立健全了农业信息服务平台的管理机制，通过对维护人员的管理和培训保证了信息服务平台的可持续发展和信息更新速度。农业信息服务平台的信息服务功能主要有一般性信息服务、专家咨询服务、在线知识学习和交互式信息服务四种。
最后，文章总结了研究结论，并提出了研究中存在的不足之处和后续的研究展望，为我国的农业信息服务的发展提供理论基础和实践依据。
Informatization is the world's current development trend in economic and social aspect.The informationization level has become the important symbol to measure the modernizationlevel of a country or area. Country informationization level, which represents the level ofsocial productive forces, decides survival and development of the country in the future.
Agriculture is the foundation and important part of the national economy industry.Agriculture and rural informatization is related to the development of national economy withrapid and sustainable way. Meanwhile，it is key point and difficulties to the development ofthe national informatization. The agricultural information service level had made improve tosome content, but the informationization level of rural areas was lower overall. It is imminentto speed up the informatization construction and improve the level of agricultural informationservice. Therefore, the study and the construction of the new mode of agricultural informationservice platform will have certain theoretical and practical significance.
It is analyzed that the necessity and important meaning of development of the agricultureinformation service based on background from social, economic and policy. The articlereviews the research status of agriculture information service. It was summarized andconcluded that separately from the agriculture information service theory, model, needs study,supply research, evaluation research and service platform research about agriculturalinformation service. The study about agriculture information service was done based on thedefinition of the concept and theory.
At the beginning, the current situation of the agricultural information service wasinvestigated and analyzed. At first, it is to survey the farmer’s information needs adoptedquestionnaire. The results showed that information demand of farmers is strong. The mainneed information types were market supply and demand information and agricultural scienceand technology information for famers. Information acquisition channel mainly is the TV andphone, followed by the exchange and communication between relatives and friends.Theinformation need of farmers is affected by many factors, which don't know where to go looking for up to74.01%, as well as influenced by individual cultural degree and economicrestrictions. The current characteristics of the farmers information needs are the demandinformation level deepening demand information category diversification and demandinformation channel diversification.
Second, it is analyzed to the agriculture information service supply. They were analyzedwith the investigation data such as the agriculture information service infrastructure,agriculture information service personnel knowledge structure and training, agricultureinformation service personnel understanding, the agriculture information service of thespecific content and actual effect, the agriculture information service provider sources ofinformation. The results show that the lower knowledge structure of agriculture servicepersonnel limited the quality, which own less chance to accept and to participate in training.Agricultural information service activities are limited and less effect.
Third, it is to evaluate comprehensively that the agriculture information service levelwith the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). By constructing evaluation index system, it is tounderstand and grasp the current specific conditions of the agricultural information service,aimed to obtain the general development level of the agriculture information service. Andthen, agricultural information service platform construction situation and problems in ourcountry were analyzed. The article points out the existing problem such as homogeneityphenomenon of the construction of information platform and no timely update.
Fourth, it is to analysis the the supply and demand equilibrium of agriculturalinformation service based on above. It thinks that the current equilibrium is the balances withthe low level, which need to ascend to a higher level of the equilibrium level by changing theexternal conditions. At the same time, the game analysis for the relevant party of agriculturalinformation service in not complete information dynamic game was made. The resultsshowed that the government position in the agricultural information service is very important.The government's attitude and behavior directly influence the the choice of and participate indegree for farmers in the information service.
Then, according to present situation investigation analysis results of the agricultureinformation service, way and method is to put forward for constructing agricultural information service platform. Agriculture information service platform was constructedbased on the agricultural university for farmers. It is to design system the platform layer, theapplication layer and data interface layer around the orientation and construction goal whichfocus on the systematic platform, usability, practicability and expansibility principle based onthe.net technology, SQL database technology and B/S structure. The information resources,human resources, social and economic resources were combined. Platform columns wereplanned and designed to the agricultural information service. The platform is constituted bysix parts. They are agricultural technology nets, northern japonica nets, rural developmentnets, knowledge expert system, online consulting and business platform. Meanwhile, For thecolumn of each part of platform is setted and planned. The background management systemand security control system was designed for platform. The background management systemowned one-stop management function, which can manage news information, expert system,online consultation, administrator, etc at the same time with high efficiency.
It is to achieve the desired effect through the software development of agriculturalinformation service platform, with the design of expert system and settings of the backgroundof the management information system. It is to establish and perfect the the managementmechanism of agriculture information service platform, which aim to guarantee sustainabledevelopment and information renewal speed through management and training formanagers.The agriculture information service platform can provide four information servicefunction. They are mainly general information service, expert consultation services, onlineknowledge learning and interactive information service four.
Finally, the article draw research conclusion based on the above and put forward thedisadvantages existing in the research and subsequent forecast. The purpose is to providetheoretical foundation and the practice basis for development of China's agricultureinformation service.
引文
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