黑龙江地区野生鲤鱼耳石的成因矿物学研究
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摘要
本研究选择黑龙江连环湖、龙虎泡及东升水库三个不同水域为主要研究区,以在这三个不同水体中生长的野生鲤鱼耳石为主要研究对象,开展鱼耳石的生理学特征、矿物的微形貌特征、热发光特征、晶胞参数特征、主微量元素特征、各种属性之间的相互关系及各种属性对水体响应方式的初步研究,并将所分析的结果与河北白洋淀及北京密云水库这2个水体平均温度和污染度均与研究区有明显区别的水域的分析结果进行对比。
研究结果初步显示:黑龙江连环湖和北京密云水库两水域的鲤鱼耳石中分别具有球文石和柱文石两种晶体类型,这与水体的平均温度及昼夜温差有关。耳石中的某些微量元素之间也存在着较好的相关性,所分析的13个元素中显著相关的共有7对,分别为Na-Ba、Na-Ca、Sm-La、Sr-Ba、Sr-Na、U-La和U-Sm,说明这些元素在鱼耳石的形成和生长过程中存在着密切的生态化学联系。此外,耳石中部分微量元素的丰度与各自水体的特征可能存在较好的相关性,利用野生鲤鱼耳石的微化学特征应该可以反映其所生活水域的环境状况。而且,耳石对多数水体中的微量元素有强烈的富集作用,根据富集系数确定Sr、Se和Zn是高富集元素,Ni、Ba、K和Rb是中富集元素,As、Na、Co和Fe是低富集元素,Cr和Au属于非富集元素。通过利用LA-ICPMS对耳石不同生长环带的化学成分进行分析发现,耳石中不同元素在特定位置出现系统变化,初步查明其可以反映特定时段的水化学变化特征。不同水体中野生鲤鱼耳石的热发光特征存在着明显的差异,主要反映在半高宽、发光强度及峰位(尤其是第二峰半高宽)的不同。黑龙江地区鲤鱼耳石第二峰半高宽众值和中值分别为60和62,密云水库的为62和55.5,而白洋淀的中值为69。热释光的总体特征与全耳石的元素特征及各自的水体特征相一致。
由上可知,利用野生鲤鱼耳石的矿物学特征对密闭湖泊水质进行评价和动态监测具有可行性。通过耳石的全耳石元素特征和热发光特征可以对水质进行评价,而耳石的不同生长环带中的元素特征可以作为湖泊动态监测的一个标型。本研究对认识不同环境下鲤鱼的耳石特征,开发经济型水质评价和动态监测新方法,丰富生命矿物学、成因矿物学及环境矿物学的理论均具有非常重要的意义。
Heilongjiang Lianhuan Lake, Long Hupao Lake and Dongsheng reservoir are the three researched area, from which the wild carp otoliths were taked. Based on the wild carp that growing in the three different water, fish otoliths physiological parameter, mineral micro-appearance characteristics, thermoluminescence characteristic, unit cell parameter characteristics are studied. Main and trace element characteristics, the correlation of each kind species and the responding of each kind of species to water also are preliminary studied. Except for the result, the water average temperature and contamination of Hebei Baiyang province Lake and the Beijing Miyun Reservoir is also studied.The result showed that, the carp otoliths of Heilongjiang Lianhuan Lake and Beijing city Miyun Reservoir has the ball aragonite and the column aragonite two kind of crystal types. The characteristics has relation to the average temperature and the difference in temperature of the water. Based on the study of 13 kinds of trace elements of otoliths, indicating the 7 pairs of elements have good correlation Na-Ba, Na-Ca, Sm-La, Sr-Ba, Sr-Na, U-La and U-Sm. The result explained these elements have the close ecology chemistry relation in the fish otolith formation and the growth process. In addition, the abundance of part of trace element in the otoliths possibly has the good relevance with the responding elements in water. Through the analysis of micro-chemistry characteristics of the wild carp otoliths, the waters environment condition that wild carps live in should be possible reflected. Moreover, the most elements in water are possible concentrated in the otoliths. According to the concentration coefficient, to determine Sr, Se and Zn are intensely concentrated in otoliths, Ni, Ba, K and Rb are medium concentrated in otoliths, As, Na, Co and Fe are slightly concentrated, Cr and Au are not concentrated. Through the LA-ICPMS analysis of the otoliths, different chemical composition of increments in the otoliths appears to the systemicly change in the specific position, indicating it may reflect the changing characteristics of water in the specific interval. The wild carp otoliths thermoluminescence characteristics in the different water has the obvious difference, manifesting the difference of peak temperature (in particular second peak temperature). The second half width of carp otoliths in Heilongjiang province is respectively 60 and 62, the Miyun Reservoir is 62 and 55.5, but the value of Baiyang Lakes is 69. The overall characteristics of thermoluminescence has line with the analysis of entire otolith trace element and the water characteristic.Above all, it is feasible that the mineralogy characteristic of wild carp otolith appraise and dynamicly monitor the quality of the airtight lake. The trace element characteristics of entire otolith and the thermoluminescence characteristic can also be used to appraise the quality of water. Moreover, the trace element characteristics of otolith increments may be take a sign to dynamicly monitor the quality of lake. This research has an important signification to understand the otolith characteristic wild carps live in different environment, develop the quality appraisal of economic water, dynamically monitor the quality of water, enrich life mineralogy, the origin mineralogy and the environment mineralogy theory.
研究结果初步显示:黑龙江连环湖和北京密云水库两水域的鲤鱼耳石中分别具有球文石和柱文石两种晶体类型,这与水体的平均温度及昼夜温差有关。耳石中的某些微量元素之间也存在着较好的相关性,所分析的13个元素中显著相关的共有7对,分别为Na-Ba、Na-Ca、Sm-La、Sr-Ba、Sr-Na、U-La和U-Sm,说明这些元素在鱼耳石的形成和生长过程中存在着密切的生态化学联系。此外,耳石中部分微量元素的丰度与各自水体的特征可能存在较好的相关性,利用野生鲤鱼耳石的微化学特征应该可以反映其所生活水域的环境状况。而且,耳石对多数水体中的微量元素有强烈的富集作用,根据富集系数确定Sr、Se和Zn是高富集元素,Ni、Ba、K和Rb是中富集元素,As、Na、Co和Fe是低富集元素,Cr和Au属于非富集元素。通过利用LA-ICPMS对耳石不同生长环带的化学成分进行分析发现,耳石中不同元素在特定位置出现系统变化,初步查明其可以反映特定时段的水化学变化特征。不同水体中野生鲤鱼耳石的热发光特征存在着明显的差异,主要反映在半高宽、发光强度及峰位(尤其是第二峰半高宽)的不同。黑龙江地区鲤鱼耳石第二峰半高宽众值和中值分别为60和62,密云水库的为62和55.5,而白洋淀的中值为69。热释光的总体特征与全耳石的元素特征及各自的水体特征相一致。
由上可知,利用野生鲤鱼耳石的矿物学特征对密闭湖泊水质进行评价和动态监测具有可行性。通过耳石的全耳石元素特征和热发光特征可以对水质进行评价,而耳石的不同生长环带中的元素特征可以作为湖泊动态监测的一个标型。本研究对认识不同环境下鲤鱼的耳石特征,开发经济型水质评价和动态监测新方法,丰富生命矿物学、成因矿物学及环境矿物学的理论均具有非常重要的意义。
Heilongjiang Lianhuan Lake, Long Hupao Lake and Dongsheng reservoir are the three researched area, from which the wild carp otoliths were taked. Based on the wild carp that growing in the three different water, fish otoliths physiological parameter, mineral micro-appearance characteristics, thermoluminescence characteristic, unit cell parameter characteristics are studied. Main and trace element characteristics, the correlation of each kind species and the responding of each kind of species to water also are preliminary studied. Except for the result, the water average temperature and contamination of Hebei Baiyang province Lake and the Beijing Miyun Reservoir is also studied.The result showed that, the carp otoliths of Heilongjiang Lianhuan Lake and Beijing city Miyun Reservoir has the ball aragonite and the column aragonite two kind of crystal types. The characteristics has relation to the average temperature and the difference in temperature of the water. Based on the study of 13 kinds of trace elements of otoliths, indicating the 7 pairs of elements have good correlation Na-Ba, Na-Ca, Sm-La, Sr-Ba, Sr-Na, U-La and U-Sm. The result explained these elements have the close ecology chemistry relation in the fish otolith formation and the growth process. In addition, the abundance of part of trace element in the otoliths possibly has the good relevance with the responding elements in water. Through the analysis of micro-chemistry characteristics of the wild carp otoliths, the waters environment condition that wild carps live in should be possible reflected. Moreover, the most elements in water are possible concentrated in the otoliths. According to the concentration coefficient, to determine Sr, Se and Zn are intensely concentrated in otoliths, Ni, Ba, K and Rb are medium concentrated in otoliths, As, Na, Co and Fe are slightly concentrated, Cr and Au are not concentrated. Through the LA-ICPMS analysis of the otoliths, different chemical composition of increments in the otoliths appears to the systemicly change in the specific position, indicating it may reflect the changing characteristics of water in the specific interval. The wild carp otoliths thermoluminescence characteristics in the different water has the obvious difference, manifesting the difference of peak temperature (in particular second peak temperature). The second half width of carp otoliths in Heilongjiang province is respectively 60 and 62, the Miyun Reservoir is 62 and 55.5, but the value of Baiyang Lakes is 69. The overall characteristics of thermoluminescence has line with the analysis of entire otolith trace element and the water characteristic.Above all, it is feasible that the mineralogy characteristic of wild carp otolith appraise and dynamicly monitor the quality of the airtight lake. The trace element characteristics of entire otolith and the thermoluminescence characteristic can also be used to appraise the quality of water. Moreover, the trace element characteristics of otolith increments may be take a sign to dynamicly monitor the quality of lake. This research has an important signification to understand the otolith characteristic wild carps live in different environment, develop the quality appraisal of economic water, dynamically monitor the quality of water, enrich life mineralogy, the origin mineralogy and the environment mineralogy theory.
引文
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[2] Alhossaini M and Pitecher T J. 1988. The relation between daily ring, body length and environmental factors in plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, juvenile otoliths[J].J fish Biol, 33(3):409～4189.
[3] Anderle H, Steffan I, Wild E, et al. 1998. Detection and dosimetry of irradiated biominerals with thermoluminescence, radiolyoluminescence and electron spin resonance measurements: comparison of methods [J]. Radiation Measurements, 29 (5): 531～551.
[4] Bacon C R, Weber P K, Larsen K A, et al. 2004. Migration and rearing histories of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) determined by ion microprobe Sr isotope and Sr/Ca transects of otoliths [J]. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61: 2425～2439.
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