岩溶隧道风险预报及支护技术研究
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摘要
岩溶地区复杂的水文地质条件及较低的勘查程度,使得勘察所获得的资料与隧道开挖后实际揭露出来的围岩特征有较大出入,造成隧道施工中经常出现预料不到的不良地质体,如松散堆积土、断层构造带、软弱夹层富、及岩溶空洞等。为有效避免岩溶隧道施工中经常出现预料不到的塌方、冒顶、突水、突泥、掉块等安全事故,对不良地质体所造成的地质灾害进行有效风险评估、对掌子面前方不良地质体的准确定位,以及根据实际掌子面围岩状况给出合理有效的施工方案成为工程界研究的重点。
本文以鸡场坪隧道为工程背景,围绕围岩-支护-形变这条主线,首先基于模糊层次综合风险分析方法,对隧道可能的地质灾害进行风险分析与评估,给出本隧道特征地段风险等级,及风险规避措施；其次,引入围岩亚级别分类法,以地质分析为基础,采用反射波技术对不良地质体进行综合超前地质预报,较准确确定隧道实际围岩地质状况。然后综合考虑施工安全、围岩状况及施工进度等因素,给出鸡场坪隧道合理的施工方法及支护工艺流程,并绘制出总体施工管理图；最后通过现场监控量测对支护合理性进行判断。本文主要包括如下内容：
(1)介绍了鸡场坪隧道施工地质条件,主要包括工程概况、工程地质条件,并对不良地质体进行简要分析；
(2)基于隧道工程风险管理,本文综合考虑了多种定性及定量分析方法,提出了模糊层次综合风险分析方法(FZ-AHP-RA),给出了此方法的技术路线及分析步骤,并以涌水突泥为例,进行详细的风险分析；
(3)基于对掌子面的地质分析,结合综合地质超前预报技术,对岩溶隧道不良地质进行预报,并系统介绍了TGP206系统操作步骤、数据处理流程,提出了综合成果图破译技术基本原则；
(4)根据本隧道开挖后掌子面围岩状况,总结了围岩亚级别分类对应的支护参数、施工方法及支护工艺流程,并绘制出总体施工进程图；
(5)结合隧道工程现场监控量测,对支护合理性进行分析,并对相关变形量进行统计分析,给出不同围岩亚级别对应的二次衬砌的合理时机及隧道净空收敛累计变形量。
The complexity and lower level of investigation of hydrogeological conditions in karst area bring about wide discrepancies between documents obtained from investigation and actual conditions after excavation, which leads to frequent emergence of unfavorable geologic bodies during tunnel construction such as loose deposits of soil, fault structural belt, development zone of surrounding rock sandwich, karst cavities and so on. In order to effectively avoid unpredictable accidents as overbreak, roof fall, water inrush, mud inrush, spalling of rock, etc., accurate location of unfavorable geologic bodies in front of the tunnel face, effective risk assessment of geologic hazards under unfavorable geological conditions and reasonable construction types of excavation and support according to the actual conditions of surrounding rock for tunnel face these three aspects are paid more and more attention from engineering world.
Taking Ji Changping tunnel as the engineering background, centered on the main system of surrounding rock-supporting-deformation, the paper firstly made risk analysis and assessment of possible geologic hazards in the tunnel based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive risk analysis (FZ-AHP-RA), and then drew risk lever chart; applying the sub-level classification method of surrounding rock, based on geological analysis, made advance prediction about unfavorable geologic bodies using reflected wave technique to accurately ascertain actual geological conditions of surrounding rock in the tunnel. Then taking such factors as construction safety, surrounding rock conditions and construction progress into consideration synthetically, the paper brought about the reasonable construction method and supporting process flows for Ji-Changping tunnel and drew the overall construction process chart; last but not least, judged the rationality of supporting from site monitoring measurement and numerical simulation. The main contents were listed as follow:
(1) Introduced the geological conditions of Ji-Changping tunnel, mainly including project overview, project geological conditions and characteristics of unfavorable geologic bodies;
(2) comaring with tunnelling risk acceptance criteria theory, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive risk analysis (FZ-AHP-RA) is presented, which is based on combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and the Fuzzy method, as well as considering other qualitative or quantitative methods. Came up with method of risk assessment of geological hazards and technology roadmap, and made detailed risk assessment of water & mud inrush;
(3) On account of geological analysis of tunnel face, combined with synthesis prediction technology of geology, made predictions for unfavorable geological conditions in karst tunnel, comprehensively introduced operating steps, data generation process of TGP206 advance geology prediction system and presented interpretation principles and steps of comprehensive geologic and geophysical map were drew up;
(4) According to conditions of surrounding rock after excavation in tunnel faces, concluded the supporting parameters, construction method and supporting process flow corresponded to sub-level classification method of surrounding rock;
(5) Combined with site monitoring measurement, offered analysis on rationalization of supporting, and statistical analysis on related deformation, then the favorable phases of different sub-level classification of rock mass was determined, and the convergences calculated.
本文以鸡场坪隧道为工程背景,围绕围岩-支护-形变这条主线,首先基于模糊层次综合风险分析方法,对隧道可能的地质灾害进行风险分析与评估,给出本隧道特征地段风险等级,及风险规避措施；其次,引入围岩亚级别分类法,以地质分析为基础,采用反射波技术对不良地质体进行综合超前地质预报,较准确确定隧道实际围岩地质状况。然后综合考虑施工安全、围岩状况及施工进度等因素,给出鸡场坪隧道合理的施工方法及支护工艺流程,并绘制出总体施工管理图；最后通过现场监控量测对支护合理性进行判断。本文主要包括如下内容：
(1)介绍了鸡场坪隧道施工地质条件,主要包括工程概况、工程地质条件,并对不良地质体进行简要分析；
(2)基于隧道工程风险管理,本文综合考虑了多种定性及定量分析方法,提出了模糊层次综合风险分析方法(FZ-AHP-RA),给出了此方法的技术路线及分析步骤,并以涌水突泥为例,进行详细的风险分析；
(3)基于对掌子面的地质分析,结合综合地质超前预报技术,对岩溶隧道不良地质进行预报,并系统介绍了TGP206系统操作步骤、数据处理流程,提出了综合成果图破译技术基本原则；
(4)根据本隧道开挖后掌子面围岩状况,总结了围岩亚级别分类对应的支护参数、施工方法及支护工艺流程,并绘制出总体施工进程图；
(5)结合隧道工程现场监控量测,对支护合理性进行分析,并对相关变形量进行统计分析,给出不同围岩亚级别对应的二次衬砌的合理时机及隧道净空收敛累计变形量。
The complexity and lower level of investigation of hydrogeological conditions in karst area bring about wide discrepancies between documents obtained from investigation and actual conditions after excavation, which leads to frequent emergence of unfavorable geologic bodies during tunnel construction such as loose deposits of soil, fault structural belt, development zone of surrounding rock sandwich, karst cavities and so on. In order to effectively avoid unpredictable accidents as overbreak, roof fall, water inrush, mud inrush, spalling of rock, etc., accurate location of unfavorable geologic bodies in front of the tunnel face, effective risk assessment of geologic hazards under unfavorable geological conditions and reasonable construction types of excavation and support according to the actual conditions of surrounding rock for tunnel face these three aspects are paid more and more attention from engineering world.
Taking Ji Changping tunnel as the engineering background, centered on the main system of surrounding rock-supporting-deformation, the paper firstly made risk analysis and assessment of possible geologic hazards in the tunnel based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive risk analysis (FZ-AHP-RA), and then drew risk lever chart; applying the sub-level classification method of surrounding rock, based on geological analysis, made advance prediction about unfavorable geologic bodies using reflected wave technique to accurately ascertain actual geological conditions of surrounding rock in the tunnel. Then taking such factors as construction safety, surrounding rock conditions and construction progress into consideration synthetically, the paper brought about the reasonable construction method and supporting process flows for Ji-Changping tunnel and drew the overall construction process chart; last but not least, judged the rationality of supporting from site monitoring measurement and numerical simulation. The main contents were listed as follow:
(1) Introduced the geological conditions of Ji-Changping tunnel, mainly including project overview, project geological conditions and characteristics of unfavorable geologic bodies;
(2) comaring with tunnelling risk acceptance criteria theory, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive risk analysis (FZ-AHP-RA) is presented, which is based on combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and the Fuzzy method, as well as considering other qualitative or quantitative methods. Came up with method of risk assessment of geological hazards and technology roadmap, and made detailed risk assessment of water & mud inrush;
(3) On account of geological analysis of tunnel face, combined with synthesis prediction technology of geology, made predictions for unfavorable geological conditions in karst tunnel, comprehensively introduced operating steps, data generation process of TGP206 advance geology prediction system and presented interpretation principles and steps of comprehensive geologic and geophysical map were drew up;
(4) According to conditions of surrounding rock after excavation in tunnel faces, concluded the supporting parameters, construction method and supporting process flow corresponded to sub-level classification method of surrounding rock;
(5) Combined with site monitoring measurement, offered analysis on rationalization of supporting, and statistical analysis on related deformation, then the favorable phases of different sub-level classification of rock mass was determined, and the convergences calculated.
引文
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