加快江西旅游产业化发展研究
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摘要
旅游业是关系经济、文化、社会、环境协调发展的一个重要产业部门。现代旅游业发端于19世纪中叶的英国，战后在全球得到了迅速发展。当今世界的旅游业，无论在增加国家经济总量还是吸纳就业、提供税收和保护环境等方面，都占据重要地位。旅游业方兴未艾，发展前景广阔。我国旅游业也在加速发展，不仅取得了可观的经济社会效益，而且丰富了人民的生活，提高了人民的生活质量。江西旅游业目前尚处在后进状态，没有充分发挥我省的旅游资源优势，与周边省市的旅游业发展相比，呈现出“旅游盆地现象”，其主要原因在于我省旅游业产业化进程较慢，没有树立大旅游观念，旅游业产业链脱节，也缺乏系统地为旅游服务的大企业大集团，致使我省旅游资源不能在市场机制的作用下得到有效开发。本文旨在为加快江西旅游业的发展献计献策。在较为深入地分析和研究了江西旅游业的现状、存在的问题和面临的挑战及机遇后，着重提出了加快江西旅游业发展的对策。认为要树立“大旅游”的全新观念，依托江西丰富的旅游资源，加快江西旅游产业化的进程，要努力实现旅游产业“七转变”、“七到位”，即产品开发由点转面，点面双到位；区域开发由旧转新，新旧双到位；行业建设由硬转软，软硬双到位；景区建设由量转质，质量双到位；市场开拓由内转外，内外双到位；旅游发展由以市、县为主转为以旅游区发展为主，地区、景区发展双到位；项目建设由观光旅游为主转为度假旅游为主，观光、度假旅游双到位。从而实现三个转化，一是，实现旅游资源优势向旅游经济优势转化；二是，实现旅游部门的分散化、单一化经营向集约化、产业化转化经营；三是实现旅游增长方式由数量规模扩张型向质量效益型转化。从而把江西建设成为沿海地区群众旅游休闲的“后花园”，进而建设成为面向全国、面向世界的旅游休闲的“大花园”，将旅游业培育成全省国民经济中的新型支柱行业。
Tourism is an industrial department which is of vital importance to the economy, culture, society and environmental harmonious development. Modern tourism began in England in the middle of 19 century and developed very quickly in the world after war. Nowadays, tourism plays an important role in the world, either in adding the countries' economic total or enlarging the employment, suppling the revenue and protecting the environment etc. Tourism is now in the ascendant and its developing foreground is vast. The development of tourism in our country is also accelerating, not only acquiring considerable economic and social benefits, but also enriching people's life and enhancing the quality of people's life. At present, the tourism in Jiangxi province is still in the state of getting behind and has not made full use of its advantages of tourism resource. Compared with peripheral provinces and cities' development, it shows "tourism basin phenomenon". The main problem is that tourism industrialization course is slow in our province and the idea of "big tourism" hasn't been built up yet. the chain of tourism is out of joint, and also big enterprises and big groups which would serve systematically are still lackless . These make the tour resource of our province couldn't open up efficiently under the market mechanism. This article is mainly purposed to make suggestion and offer advice which would fasten the development of Jiangxi tourism. It applies the basic theory of tourism industrialization, and after deeply analysing and researching the status, existent problems and facing challenges and chances of Jiangxi tourism, brings forward the countermeasures and steps emphatically which could fasten its development. The article considers setting entirely-new idea of "big tourism" is very important . To fasten the course of tourism industrialization . it would try to realize "seven transition" and "seven attainment" in tourism. Firstld . changing the tourist product development from "point" to "area", both "point" and "area" attain its goal; secondly .changing the regional tourist development from "old" to "new", both "old" and "new" attain its goal; third . changing the industry construction from "hard" to "soft", both "hard" and "soft" attain its goal; . changing the scenic area construction from quantity to quality, both "quantity" and "quality" attain its goal, four . changing market exploit from inside to outside, both attain its goal; five .changign tourism development from mainly in cities and counties to mainly in tourist districts, both attain its goal; six .changing project construction from mostly in sightseeing journey to mostly in enjoying holiday journey, both attain its goal. In those way could we realize three transforms, first is changing the advantages from tourist resource to tourist economy, second is changing the management from decentralization and singleness to intensivism and industrialization, third is changing the tourist increasing mode from quantity and dimension expanding type to quality and benefit type. Consequently. Jiangxi would be built to a back garden for littoral people's resting and traveling, moreover be a big garden for people in the whole country and world traveling and resting. Tourism in Jiangxi would be fostered to be the new supportive industry in the whole provincial national economy.
Tourism is an industrial department which is of vital importance to the economy, culture, society and environmental harmonious development. Modern tourism began in England in the middle of 19 century and developed very quickly in the world after war. Nowadays, tourism plays an important role in the world, either in adding the countries' economic total or enlarging the employment, suppling the revenue and protecting the environment etc. Tourism is now in the ascendant and its developing foreground is vast. The development of tourism in our country is also accelerating, not only acquiring considerable economic and social benefits, but also enriching people's life and enhancing the quality of people's life. At present, the tourism in Jiangxi province is still in the state of getting behind and has not made full use of its advantages of tourism resource. Compared with peripheral provinces and cities' development, it shows "tourism basin phenomenon". The main problem is that tourism industrialization course is slow in our province and the idea of "big tourism" hasn't been built up yet. the chain of tourism is out of joint, and also big enterprises and big groups which would serve systematically are still lackless . These make the tour resource of our province couldn't open up efficiently under the market mechanism. This article is mainly purposed to make suggestion and offer advice which would fasten the development of Jiangxi tourism. It applies the basic theory of tourism industrialization, and after deeply analysing and researching the status, existent problems and facing challenges and chances of Jiangxi tourism, brings forward the countermeasures and steps emphatically which could fasten its development. The article considers setting entirely-new idea of "big tourism" is very important . To fasten the course of tourism industrialization . it would try to realize "seven transition" and "seven attainment" in tourism. Firstld . changing the tourist product development from "point" to "area", both "point" and "area" attain its goal; secondly .changing the regional tourist development from "old" to "new", both "old" and "new" attain its goal; third . changing the industry construction from "hard" to "soft", both "hard" and "soft" attain its goal; . changing the scenic area construction from quantity to quality, both "quantity" and "quality" attain its goal, four . changing market exploit from inside to outside, both attain its goal; five .changign tourism development from mainly in cities and counties to mainly in tourist districts, both attain its goal; six .changing project construction from mostly in sightseeing journey to mostly in enjoying holiday journey, both attain its goal. In those way could we realize three transforms, first is changing the advantages from tourist resource to tourist economy, second is changing the management from decentralization and singleness to intensivism and industrialization, third is changing the tourist increasing mode from quantity and dimension expanding type to quality and benefit type. Consequently. Jiangxi would be built to a back garden for littoral people's resting and traveling, moreover be a big garden for people in the whole country and world traveling and resting. Tourism in Jiangxi would be fostered to be the new supportive industry in the whole provincial national economy.
引文
[1] 第九届江西省政府工作报告
[2] 谢彦君．基础旅游学[M]．中国旅游出版社，1999：26-38。
[3] 王大悟，魏小安．新编旅游经济学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社．1998：40-44。
[4] 宋亚非等．我国旅游产业化的条件与素质分析[J]．财经问题研究，1999(1)：33-37。
[5] 李江帆，李冠霖，江波．旅游业的产业关联和产业波及分析[J]．旅游学刊，2001(3)：19-21。
[6] 田钊平，胡丹．试论我国旅游产业化的战略选择[J]．贵州民族学院学报：哲社版，2000．增刊：33-35。
[7] 江西省社会科学院、江西省旅游局2000年加快江西旅游发展课题报告：10-20。
[8] 孙玉琴．江西旅游发展分析[J]．江西老区建设，2002(12)：40-41。
[9] 邓燕萍．树立“大旅游”理念．加快江西旅游业的发展[J]．求实，2002(2)：44-46。
[10] 毛端谦，刘春燕．对增强江西旅游区域竞争力的探讨[J]．江西社会科学，2002(8)：187-188。
[11] 国家计委宏观经济研究院．“十五”期间江西发展旅游业的构想[J]．宏观经济研究，2001(1)：3-10。
[12] 郭来喜，吴必虎，刘锋等．中国旅游资源分类系统与类型评价[J]．地理学报，2000(3)：33-35。
[13] 郭来喜．江西旅游腾飞正当时[N]．江西日报，2002-9-4。
[14] 王超耀．我国旅游业面临前所未有的发展机遇．中国旅游网．2001年9月13日。
[15] 张吉林．旅游业，一个产业化组织的过程[J]．财贸经济，1999(2)：30-34。
[16] 江西省旅游产业发展总体规划(2001年—2020年)：56-64。
[17] 曾宜富．抓特色，创名牌，促进江西旅游业快速发展[J]．旅游学刊，2000(3)：35-39。
[18] 曹佳鸣．关于发展旅游业的若干思考[J]．江苏经济探讨，1998(5)。
[19] 李赓．我国旅游产业政策刍议[J]．旅游经济，1991(1)。
[20] 张凌云．试论有关旅游产业在地区经济发展中地位和产业政策的几个问题[J]．旅游学刊，2000(1)。
[21] 王万山．江西发展生态旅游的对策思考[J]．江西农业经济，2001(1)。
[22] 范保宁．加快旅游业发展的切入点[J]．湖南财经高等专科学校学报，2000(1)。
[23] 陈仙波．发展中国家旅游产业结构优化策略[J]．未来与发展．1996(9)。
[24] 徐俊如，吴文峰．情系旅游圣地——江西[M]．江西科学技术出版社，2000。
[25] 窦文章，杨开忠、杨新军．区域旅游竞争研究进展[J]．人文地理，2000(3)。
[26] 张俐俐．对旅游业产业地位的认识和思考[J]．旅游管理，2002(6)。
[27] 张仪涛．《中国旅游业何去何从》[N]．《科技日报》，1998-9-25。
[28] 魏小安．关于旅游发展的几个阶段性问题[J]．旅游学刊，2000(5)。
[29] 张明清，刘超．旅游产业国际竞争力的理论思考与竞争态势分析[J]．经济问题探索，2000(4)。
[30] 马波．转型：中国旅游产业发展的趋势与选择[J]．旅游学刊，1999(6)。
[31] 米如田，王玫．勾勒中国旅游研究的发展轨迹：1980-1990十年回顾[N]．旅游时报，1991-9-1。
[32] 倪强．近年来国内关于生态旅游综述[J]，旅游学刊，1999(3)：40-45。
[33] 魏小安．旅游发展与管理[M]．旅游教育出版社，1996。
[34] 魏小安，等．怎样看待旅游业产业地位[N]．中国旅游报，2000-11-17(D3)。
[35] 韩秀云．宏观经济分析[M]．北京：中国财经出版社，1998．32-38。
[36] 谢彦君．论旅游的本质与特征[J]．旅游学刊，1998(4)。
[37] 郝索．论我国旅游产业的市场化发展与政府行为[J]．旅游学刊，2001(2)：19-22。
[38] 郝索，陈实．旅游产业发展研究[M]．西安：陕西人民出版社，2000。
[39] 马勇．旅游学概论[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998。
[40] 王富玉．可持续旅游的理论与实践[J]．管理世界，1999(4)。
[41] 吴必虎，徐斌．中国国内旅游客源市场系统研究[M]．华东师范大学出版社，1999。
[42] 吴必虎．地方旅游开发与管理[M]．科学出版社，2000。
[43] 魏小安，等．中国旅游业新世纪大趋势[M]．广州：广东旅游出版社，1999。
[44] 林南枝，李天元．旅游市场学[M]．天津：南开大学出版社，1996。
[45] 李蕾蕾．旅游地形象策划—理论与实务[M]．广州：广东旅游出版社，1999。
[46] C．J霍洛伟．论旅游业—21世纪旅游教程[M]．北京：中国大百科全书出版社，1997。
[47] 申葆嘉．国外旅游研究进展[J]．1996(1-4)。
[48] 彭华．谈旅游发展新理念(系列访谈)[N]．广东旅游报，1997，42-26期。
[49] 匡林．集权还是分权：政府发展旅游业的两难境地[J]．旅游学刊，2001(2)：23-26。
[50] 菅明军．强国富民：政府干预经济论[M]．中国计划出版社，2000。
[51] 王富玉．可持续旅游的理论与实践[J]．管理世界，1999(4)。
[52] 吴必虎，余青．中国民族文化旅游开发研究综述[J]．民族研究，2000(4)。
[2] 谢彦君．基础旅游学[M]．中国旅游出版社，1999：26-38。
[3] 王大悟，魏小安．新编旅游经济学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社．1998：40-44。
[4] 宋亚非等．我国旅游产业化的条件与素质分析[J]．财经问题研究，1999(1)：33-37。
[5] 李江帆，李冠霖，江波．旅游业的产业关联和产业波及分析[J]．旅游学刊，2001(3)：19-21。
[6] 田钊平，胡丹．试论我国旅游产业化的战略选择[J]．贵州民族学院学报：哲社版，2000．增刊：33-35。
[7] 江西省社会科学院、江西省旅游局2000年加快江西旅游发展课题报告：10-20。
[8] 孙玉琴．江西旅游发展分析[J]．江西老区建设，2002(12)：40-41。
[9] 邓燕萍．树立“大旅游”理念．加快江西旅游业的发展[J]．求实，2002(2)：44-46。
[10] 毛端谦，刘春燕．对增强江西旅游区域竞争力的探讨[J]．江西社会科学，2002(8)：187-188。
[11] 国家计委宏观经济研究院．“十五”期间江西发展旅游业的构想[J]．宏观经济研究，2001(1)：3-10。
[12] 郭来喜，吴必虎，刘锋等．中国旅游资源分类系统与类型评价[J]．地理学报，2000(3)：33-35。
[13] 郭来喜．江西旅游腾飞正当时[N]．江西日报，2002-9-4。
[14] 王超耀．我国旅游业面临前所未有的发展机遇．中国旅游网．2001年9月13日。
[15] 张吉林．旅游业，一个产业化组织的过程[J]．财贸经济，1999(2)：30-34。
[16] 江西省旅游产业发展总体规划(2001年—2020年)：56-64。
[17] 曾宜富．抓特色，创名牌，促进江西旅游业快速发展[J]．旅游学刊，2000(3)：35-39。
[18] 曹佳鸣．关于发展旅游业的若干思考[J]．江苏经济探讨，1998(5)。
[19] 李赓．我国旅游产业政策刍议[J]．旅游经济，1991(1)。
[20] 张凌云．试论有关旅游产业在地区经济发展中地位和产业政策的几个问题[J]．旅游学刊，2000(1)。
[21] 王万山．江西发展生态旅游的对策思考[J]．江西农业经济，2001(1)。
[22] 范保宁．加快旅游业发展的切入点[J]．湖南财经高等专科学校学报，2000(1)。
[23] 陈仙波．发展中国家旅游产业结构优化策略[J]．未来与发展．1996(9)。
[24] 徐俊如，吴文峰．情系旅游圣地——江西[M]．江西科学技术出版社，2000。
[25] 窦文章，杨开忠、杨新军．区域旅游竞争研究进展[J]．人文地理，2000(3)。
[26] 张俐俐．对旅游业产业地位的认识和思考[J]．旅游管理，2002(6)。
[27] 张仪涛．《中国旅游业何去何从》[N]．《科技日报》，1998-9-25。
[28] 魏小安．关于旅游发展的几个阶段性问题[J]．旅游学刊，2000(5)。
[29] 张明清，刘超．旅游产业国际竞争力的理论思考与竞争态势分析[J]．经济问题探索，2000(4)。
[30] 马波．转型：中国旅游产业发展的趋势与选择[J]．旅游学刊，1999(6)。
[31] 米如田，王玫．勾勒中国旅游研究的发展轨迹：1980-1990十年回顾[N]．旅游时报，1991-9-1。
[32] 倪强．近年来国内关于生态旅游综述[J]，旅游学刊，1999(3)：40-45。
[33] 魏小安．旅游发展与管理[M]．旅游教育出版社，1996。
[34] 魏小安，等．怎样看待旅游业产业地位[N]．中国旅游报，2000-11-17(D3)。
[35] 韩秀云．宏观经济分析[M]．北京：中国财经出版社，1998．32-38。
[36] 谢彦君．论旅游的本质与特征[J]．旅游学刊，1998(4)。
[37] 郝索．论我国旅游产业的市场化发展与政府行为[J]．旅游学刊，2001(2)：19-22。
[38] 郝索，陈实．旅游产业发展研究[M]．西安：陕西人民出版社，2000。
[39] 马勇．旅游学概论[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998。
[40] 王富玉．可持续旅游的理论与实践[J]．管理世界，1999(4)。
[41] 吴必虎，徐斌．中国国内旅游客源市场系统研究[M]．华东师范大学出版社，1999。
[42] 吴必虎．地方旅游开发与管理[M]．科学出版社，2000。
[43] 魏小安，等．中国旅游业新世纪大趋势[M]．广州：广东旅游出版社，1999。
[44] 林南枝，李天元．旅游市场学[M]．天津：南开大学出版社，1996。
[45] 李蕾蕾．旅游地形象策划—理论与实务[M]．广州：广东旅游出版社，1999。
[46] C．J霍洛伟．论旅游业—21世纪旅游教程[M]．北京：中国大百科全书出版社，1997。
[47] 申葆嘉．国外旅游研究进展[J]．1996(1-4)。
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