转速衰减式粘度仪及相关技术的研究
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摘要
现代工业对流体粘度检测有着广泛的需求，不同的应用需求催生了不同类型的粘度检测仪器，这些不同类型的粘度检测仪器在不同的应用场合发挥了积极的作用，但对于快速连续多次、快速不同剪切率、快速低剪切率要求下的粘度检测需求，现有粘度检测仪器还是难以同时满足。因此，丰富和发展流体粘度检测理论与技术,开发满足上述要求的新型粘度检测仪器，对满足现代工业对流体粘度检测的快速检测要求具有重要意义。
本文提出一种新型的转速衰减式粘度仪，通过检测旋转圆筒的衰减转速及衰减时间来计算流体粘度，能够进行快速连续多次、快速不同剪切率、快速低剪切率的粘度检测。
建立了转速衰减式粘度仪的数学模型并提出了基于该方法的粘度仪基本结构，在MATLAB软件中对数学模型进行了仿真，通过仿真得到了转速衰减式粘度仪测头转子的基本运动规律，为转速衰减式粘度仪的设计和加工提供了理论基础。
分析了转速衰减式粘度仪的主要误差源，通过仿真揭示了主要误差源对粘度检测结果的影响规律，建立了转速衰减式粘度仪的误差模型，进而提出转速衰减式粘度仪误差控制方法。
分析了转速衰减式粘度仪对驱动、支撑、检测技术的要求，提出了一种以气浮轴承作为转子支撑的级联电动机作为转速衰减式粘度仪的驱动系统实现方案，实测结果表明：该驱动系统不仅能够实现最低5rpm的转速，满足粘度检测中低剪切率的需求，还满足了转速衰减式粘度仪测头转子要在低摩擦、低振动、低冲击的工况下工作，并可以在大范围内平滑调速的驱动要求；设计了转速衰减式粘度仪的测试组，并针对粘度检测过程中对温度的要求设计了恒温保障系统。在驱动、支撑、检测技术的基础上，设计并制造了一种转速衰减式粘度仪的样机。
通过实验揭示了测试组末端效应、测试组不同轴对粘度检测结果的影响规律，根据该规律修正了转速衰减式粘度仪的原理模型，提出了转速衰减式粘度仪的检测限定条件。使用粘度标准液对转速衰减式粘度仪样机进行了标定，粘度检测实验结果表明：转速衰减式粘度仪能够对流体粘度进行检测，检测误差在5%以内，能够满足一般工业应用的粘度检测需求；在测头转子的同一次转速衰减过程中，可以进行多次快速的粘度测试而不用重新启动仪器，而随着测头转子转速的衰减，在不同转速衰减区间还可以进行不同剪切率下流体粘度的快速检测，满足了快速连续多次、快速不同剪切率的粘度检测要求。
The liquid viscosity detection is in wide-spread needs for the modern industry. Different types of viscosity instrument, resulting from different application requirements, play important roles in the relative test occasions. However it is very difficult for the current viscometers to satisfy simultaneously the viscosity test requirements including rapid several detections, rapid several detections under different shear rate and low shear rate. Therefore, it is of great significance for the modern industry to enrich the theory and technology of viscosity measurement and to develop new type of viscometer that satisfies the above industrial requirements.
A velocity attenuation based viscometer is proposed in this thesis. The fluid viscosity can be calculated by detecting the velocity and time of attenuation. In the operation of viscosity detection, the requirements mentioned above could be satisfied simultaneously.
In this thesis, the mathematical model of the viscometer is established and the structure of viscometer based on the method is presented. The mathematical model of the velocity attenuation based viscometer is simulated in the MATLAB environment. The basic motion laws of the velocity attenuation based viscometer are obtained by the simulation. They provide a theoretical basis for design and manufacture of the viscometer.
On the analysis for the main error sources of the viscometer, the mathematical models of the errors action mechanism are established. These mathematical models are simulated in the MATLAB environment, which reveals the laws of influence on the result of the viscosity detection by the error sources. Finally, methods of the error control are proposed.
The requirements on the technique of driving, supporting and detecting for the velocity attenuation based viscometer are analyzed. A cascade motor, the rotor of which is supported by the designed air bearing, is presented as the driving system. Results of driving test show that the driving system can not only achieve the minimum speed of5rpm, which satisfies the requirement of viscosity detection under low shear rate, but also meets other driving requirements of the velocity attenuation based viscometer, such as low friction, low vibration and low impact. The smooth velocity governing in a wide range is also achieved. The detection groups of the velocity attenuation based viscometer are designed, and the constant temperature protection system is designed by considering the requirement on the temperature in viscosity detection process. Based on these technologies, a prototype of the velocity attenuation based viscometer is designed and manufactured.
The effects on measurement results, caused by the end effect and misalignment of the detection groups, are appealed by experiments. Based on those laws, the mathematical model of detection principle is modified, and the limited conditions of viscosity detection are proposed. The velocity attenuation based viscometer is calibrated with the standard viscosity liquids and viscosity test experiments are carried out. The results show that the fluid viscosity can be measured by the velocity attenuation based viscometer, and the detection error is under5%, which meets the requirements of common viscosity measurement. Additionally, in once of the velocity attenuation of sensor rotor, several measurements can be conducted with no need to restart the viscometer. In the process of attenuation of the sensor rotor velocity, the rapid detection of fluid viscosity with different shear rates could be achieved in variable range of velocity attenuation. All of those have satisfied the requirements of several rapid viscosity detections under different and low shear rate.
本文提出一种新型的转速衰减式粘度仪，通过检测旋转圆筒的衰减转速及衰减时间来计算流体粘度，能够进行快速连续多次、快速不同剪切率、快速低剪切率的粘度检测。
建立了转速衰减式粘度仪的数学模型并提出了基于该方法的粘度仪基本结构，在MATLAB软件中对数学模型进行了仿真，通过仿真得到了转速衰减式粘度仪测头转子的基本运动规律，为转速衰减式粘度仪的设计和加工提供了理论基础。
分析了转速衰减式粘度仪的主要误差源，通过仿真揭示了主要误差源对粘度检测结果的影响规律，建立了转速衰减式粘度仪的误差模型，进而提出转速衰减式粘度仪误差控制方法。
分析了转速衰减式粘度仪对驱动、支撑、检测技术的要求，提出了一种以气浮轴承作为转子支撑的级联电动机作为转速衰减式粘度仪的驱动系统实现方案，实测结果表明：该驱动系统不仅能够实现最低5rpm的转速，满足粘度检测中低剪切率的需求，还满足了转速衰减式粘度仪测头转子要在低摩擦、低振动、低冲击的工况下工作，并可以在大范围内平滑调速的驱动要求；设计了转速衰减式粘度仪的测试组，并针对粘度检测过程中对温度的要求设计了恒温保障系统。在驱动、支撑、检测技术的基础上，设计并制造了一种转速衰减式粘度仪的样机。
通过实验揭示了测试组末端效应、测试组不同轴对粘度检测结果的影响规律，根据该规律修正了转速衰减式粘度仪的原理模型，提出了转速衰减式粘度仪的检测限定条件。使用粘度标准液对转速衰减式粘度仪样机进行了标定，粘度检测实验结果表明：转速衰减式粘度仪能够对流体粘度进行检测，检测误差在5%以内，能够满足一般工业应用的粘度检测需求；在测头转子的同一次转速衰减过程中，可以进行多次快速的粘度测试而不用重新启动仪器，而随着测头转子转速的衰减，在不同转速衰减区间还可以进行不同剪切率下流体粘度的快速检测，满足了快速连续多次、快速不同剪切率的粘度检测要求。
The liquid viscosity detection is in wide-spread needs for the modern industry. Different types of viscosity instrument, resulting from different application requirements, play important roles in the relative test occasions. However it is very difficult for the current viscometers to satisfy simultaneously the viscosity test requirements including rapid several detections, rapid several detections under different shear rate and low shear rate. Therefore, it is of great significance for the modern industry to enrich the theory and technology of viscosity measurement and to develop new type of viscometer that satisfies the above industrial requirements.
A velocity attenuation based viscometer is proposed in this thesis. The fluid viscosity can be calculated by detecting the velocity and time of attenuation. In the operation of viscosity detection, the requirements mentioned above could be satisfied simultaneously.
In this thesis, the mathematical model of the viscometer is established and the structure of viscometer based on the method is presented. The mathematical model of the velocity attenuation based viscometer is simulated in the MATLAB environment. The basic motion laws of the velocity attenuation based viscometer are obtained by the simulation. They provide a theoretical basis for design and manufacture of the viscometer.
On the analysis for the main error sources of the viscometer, the mathematical models of the errors action mechanism are established. These mathematical models are simulated in the MATLAB environment, which reveals the laws of influence on the result of the viscosity detection by the error sources. Finally, methods of the error control are proposed.
The requirements on the technique of driving, supporting and detecting for the velocity attenuation based viscometer are analyzed. A cascade motor, the rotor of which is supported by the designed air bearing, is presented as the driving system. Results of driving test show that the driving system can not only achieve the minimum speed of5rpm, which satisfies the requirement of viscosity detection under low shear rate, but also meets other driving requirements of the velocity attenuation based viscometer, such as low friction, low vibration and low impact. The smooth velocity governing in a wide range is also achieved. The detection groups of the velocity attenuation based viscometer are designed, and the constant temperature protection system is designed by considering the requirement on the temperature in viscosity detection process. Based on these technologies, a prototype of the velocity attenuation based viscometer is designed and manufactured.
The effects on measurement results, caused by the end effect and misalignment of the detection groups, are appealed by experiments. Based on those laws, the mathematical model of detection principle is modified, and the limited conditions of viscosity detection are proposed. The velocity attenuation based viscometer is calibrated with the standard viscosity liquids and viscosity test experiments are carried out. The results show that the fluid viscosity can be measured by the velocity attenuation based viscometer, and the detection error is under5%, which meets the requirements of common viscosity measurement. Additionally, in once of the velocity attenuation of sensor rotor, several measurements can be conducted with no need to restart the viscometer. In the process of attenuation of the sensor rotor velocity, the rapid detection of fluid viscosity with different shear rates could be achieved in variable range of velocity attenuation. All of those have satisfied the requirements of several rapid viscosity detections under different and low shear rate.
引文
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