平衡施肥对茉莉生长、产量与品质效应研究
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摘要
本实验采用大田实验和盆栽实验研究了大量元素、微量元素以及生物活性物质(FA)对茉莉生长、产量与品质的影响。
(1)通过大田试验，采用三因素五水平通用旋转组合设计，研究了大量元素(氮、磷、钾肥)的最佳施用量，试验结果表明，在本试验条件下，茉莉花产量总体上与N成负相关，与P、K成正相关，作用的大小顺序为K＞P＞N。最佳施肥量为氮肥(N)132.4～197.6kg/hm~2，磷肥(P_2O_5)166.6～197.4kg/hm~2，钾肥(K_2O)126.8～155.3kg/hm~2。
(2)通过大田实验，研究了不同铁肥和硼肥以及CPPU(细胞分裂素)喷施对茉莉植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施螯合铁、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁和硼砂均能促进茉莉植株的生长，增加株高、株花序数、花蕾数、蕾重、产量。其效果是螯合铁＞柠檬酸铁＞硫酸亚铁，螯合铁又以高浓度(0.1％)效果优于低浓度(0.05％)。叶面喷施CPPU促进了茉莉植株的营养生长，促使茎增粗、叶片增大增厚，但抑制了枝条的萌发，同时抑制了茉莉的生殖生长，如株花序数及蕾数减少、蕾重减轻。硼肥的效果是硼砂(0.2％)＞硼砂(0.3％)。
(3)不同浓度螯合铁(FeEDTA)叶面喷施盆栽试验结果表明：叶面喷施螯合铁能提高茉莉叶片叶绿素含量、增加过氧化氢酶活性，延缓植株衰老。在整个生育期内，叶片过氧化氢酶活性先增加后降低，7～8(盛花期)达到最大值，8月后茉莉植株进入衰老期；叶面喷施螯合铁能增加茉莉叶片全氮、全钾的含量，减少叶片全磷的含量；提高茉莉叶片对全铁和活性铁的吸收以及土壤大量元素和微量元素的利用率，促进植株的生长，增加蕾重，提高茉莉花产量，同时提高其品质，其作用效果是900mg/kg螯合铁＞600mg/kg螯合铁＞300mg/kg螯合铁。
(4)不同浓度黄腐酸(FA)叶面喷施试验结果表明：叶面喷施黄腐酸能提高茉莉叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性。400mg/kg的黄腐酸对茉莉叶绿素的影响最为明显，其次是800mg/kg的黄腐酸。在盛花前期低浓度度的黄腐酸(400mg/kg)比高浓度的黄腐酸(800mg/kg、1200mg/kg)对茉莉叶片过氧化氢酶活性的作用明显，而在盛花期和秋花期又以1200mg/kg的黄腐酸对茉莉过氧化氢酶活性的作用最好；不同浓度的黄腐酸在不同时期对叶片大量元素和微量元素含量的影响不同，盛花期以400mg/kg的效果较好，而末花期以800～1200mg/kg的效果较好；800mg/kg黄腐酸对促进植株的生长，增加蕾重，提高茉莉花产量，提高品质效果最优，400mg/kg黄腐酸次之。因此，最适的喷施浓度是盛花期前喷400mg/kg黄腐酸，盛花期则喷800mg/kg黄腐酸。
The effect of mass element, minim element and bioactive compound (FA) on plant growth, yield and quality of jasmine was studied by the pot experiment and field experiment.
(1) Study was done on the effect of three-factor (N, P, K) experiment on field by using the quadratic rotational combination design in purple paddy field. The model of fertilizer effect was established by reducing dimensional analysis. The results show that the yield of jasmine had a negative correlation with supply of N and a positive correlation with supply of P, K from overall. The influence of N, P, K on the yield of jasmine ordered in K>P>N. The optimal combination of N> P> K was 132.4-197.6kg/hm2N, 166.6-197.4 kg/hm2P2O5, 126.8-197.4 kg/hm2K.2O.
(2) The effect of different Fe fertilizer, boron fertilizer and CPPU on plant growth, yield and quality was studied by foliar application in the field. The results indicated that the Fe-EDTA, FeSO4, ironic citrate and borax could promote the growth, increase the amount of bud, the number of catkins per reproductive branch, weight of bud and the yield. The influence order was FeEDTA >ironic citrate >FeSO4> Fe-EDTA(0.1%)> FeEDTA(0.05%). CPPU (50mg/kg) could increase the diameter of stem, area and ply of laminae, but restrain the divarication of tress and procreation polarization. CPPU could decrease the number of catkins per reproductive branch, amount of bud, weight of bud and yield. The effect of borax ordered in 0.2%>0.3%.
(3) The effect of foliar application of FeEDTA (300mg/kg,600mg/kg,900mg/kg) were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of young leaves and catalyse activity was higher than CK after the Fe-EDTA application. In the total bearing period, catalyse activity of young leaves increased to a certain point and then declined, maximum of catalyse activity appeared in July and August, the Jasmine began to decrepit after August. The amount of total nitrogen, total kalium, total iron, active iron of jasmine leaves were increased after Fe-EDTA application, but the total phosphor was decreased.
And at the same time the rate of using of mass elements and minim elements in the soil ware improved, the yield and quality were increased. The effect of FeEDTA ordered in 900mg/kg>600mg/kg>300mg/kg.
(4) The results Fulvic Acid (400mg/kg,800mg/kg,1200mg/kg) were sprayed on the jasmine indicated that Fulvic Acid could increased the chlorophyll content of young leaves and catalase activity. The effect of Fulvic Acid of 400mg/kg was the best concentration. The catalase activity of Fulvic Acid (400mg/kg) was higer than Fulvic Acid (800mg/kg,1200mg/kg) during the initial stage. On the blooming stage and after the blooming stage 1200mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the best. There was different content of mass and minim elements of jasmine leaves caused by different concentration of Fulbiv Acid at different growth stages. 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid was better on the blooming. 800mg/kg-1200mg/kg Fulvic Acid was better at the end of bloom stage. Fulvic Acid could promote the growth, increase the weight of bud, the yield and quality. The effect of 800mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the best one, and the 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the next one. So the most suitable concentrations were 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid on initial stage and 800mg/kg Fulvic
Acid on the blooming stage.
(1)通过大田试验，采用三因素五水平通用旋转组合设计，研究了大量元素(氮、磷、钾肥)的最佳施用量，试验结果表明，在本试验条件下，茉莉花产量总体上与N成负相关，与P、K成正相关，作用的大小顺序为K＞P＞N。最佳施肥量为氮肥(N)132.4～197.6kg/hm~2，磷肥(P_2O_5)166.6～197.4kg/hm~2，钾肥(K_2O)126.8～155.3kg/hm~2。
(2)通过大田实验，研究了不同铁肥和硼肥以及CPPU(细胞分裂素)喷施对茉莉植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施螯合铁、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁和硼砂均能促进茉莉植株的生长，增加株高、株花序数、花蕾数、蕾重、产量。其效果是螯合铁＞柠檬酸铁＞硫酸亚铁，螯合铁又以高浓度(0.1％)效果优于低浓度(0.05％)。叶面喷施CPPU促进了茉莉植株的营养生长，促使茎增粗、叶片增大增厚，但抑制了枝条的萌发，同时抑制了茉莉的生殖生长，如株花序数及蕾数减少、蕾重减轻。硼肥的效果是硼砂(0.2％)＞硼砂(0.3％)。
(3)不同浓度螯合铁(FeEDTA)叶面喷施盆栽试验结果表明：叶面喷施螯合铁能提高茉莉叶片叶绿素含量、增加过氧化氢酶活性，延缓植株衰老。在整个生育期内，叶片过氧化氢酶活性先增加后降低，7～8(盛花期)达到最大值，8月后茉莉植株进入衰老期；叶面喷施螯合铁能增加茉莉叶片全氮、全钾的含量，减少叶片全磷的含量；提高茉莉叶片对全铁和活性铁的吸收以及土壤大量元素和微量元素的利用率，促进植株的生长，增加蕾重，提高茉莉花产量，同时提高其品质，其作用效果是900mg/kg螯合铁＞600mg/kg螯合铁＞300mg/kg螯合铁。
(4)不同浓度黄腐酸(FA)叶面喷施试验结果表明：叶面喷施黄腐酸能提高茉莉叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性。400mg/kg的黄腐酸对茉莉叶绿素的影响最为明显，其次是800mg/kg的黄腐酸。在盛花前期低浓度度的黄腐酸(400mg/kg)比高浓度的黄腐酸(800mg/kg、1200mg/kg)对茉莉叶片过氧化氢酶活性的作用明显，而在盛花期和秋花期又以1200mg/kg的黄腐酸对茉莉过氧化氢酶活性的作用最好；不同浓度的黄腐酸在不同时期对叶片大量元素和微量元素含量的影响不同，盛花期以400mg/kg的效果较好，而末花期以800～1200mg/kg的效果较好；800mg/kg黄腐酸对促进植株的生长，增加蕾重，提高茉莉花产量，提高品质效果最优，400mg/kg黄腐酸次之。因此，最适的喷施浓度是盛花期前喷400mg/kg黄腐酸，盛花期则喷800mg/kg黄腐酸。
The effect of mass element, minim element and bioactive compound (FA) on plant growth, yield and quality of jasmine was studied by the pot experiment and field experiment.
(1) Study was done on the effect of three-factor (N, P, K) experiment on field by using the quadratic rotational combination design in purple paddy field. The model of fertilizer effect was established by reducing dimensional analysis. The results show that the yield of jasmine had a negative correlation with supply of N and a positive correlation with supply of P, K from overall. The influence of N, P, K on the yield of jasmine ordered in K>P>N. The optimal combination of N> P> K was 132.4-197.6kg/hm2N, 166.6-197.4 kg/hm2P2O5, 126.8-197.4 kg/hm2K.2O.
(2) The effect of different Fe fertilizer, boron fertilizer and CPPU on plant growth, yield and quality was studied by foliar application in the field. The results indicated that the Fe-EDTA, FeSO4, ironic citrate and borax could promote the growth, increase the amount of bud, the number of catkins per reproductive branch, weight of bud and the yield. The influence order was FeEDTA >ironic citrate >FeSO4> Fe-EDTA(0.1%)> FeEDTA(0.05%). CPPU (50mg/kg) could increase the diameter of stem, area and ply of laminae, but restrain the divarication of tress and procreation polarization. CPPU could decrease the number of catkins per reproductive branch, amount of bud, weight of bud and yield. The effect of borax ordered in 0.2%>0.3%.
(3) The effect of foliar application of FeEDTA (300mg/kg,600mg/kg,900mg/kg) were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of young leaves and catalyse activity was higher than CK after the Fe-EDTA application. In the total bearing period, catalyse activity of young leaves increased to a certain point and then declined, maximum of catalyse activity appeared in July and August, the Jasmine began to decrepit after August. The amount of total nitrogen, total kalium, total iron, active iron of jasmine leaves were increased after Fe-EDTA application, but the total phosphor was decreased.
And at the same time the rate of using of mass elements and minim elements in the soil ware improved, the yield and quality were increased. The effect of FeEDTA ordered in 900mg/kg>600mg/kg>300mg/kg.
(4) The results Fulvic Acid (400mg/kg,800mg/kg,1200mg/kg) were sprayed on the jasmine indicated that Fulvic Acid could increased the chlorophyll content of young leaves and catalase activity. The effect of Fulvic Acid of 400mg/kg was the best concentration. The catalase activity of Fulvic Acid (400mg/kg) was higer than Fulvic Acid (800mg/kg,1200mg/kg) during the initial stage. On the blooming stage and after the blooming stage 1200mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the best. There was different content of mass and minim elements of jasmine leaves caused by different concentration of Fulbiv Acid at different growth stages. 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid was better on the blooming. 800mg/kg-1200mg/kg Fulvic Acid was better at the end of bloom stage. Fulvic Acid could promote the growth, increase the weight of bud, the yield and quality. The effect of 800mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the best one, and the 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid was the next one. So the most suitable concentrations were 400mg/kg Fulvic Acid on initial stage and 800mg/kg Fulvic
Acid on the blooming stage.
引文
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