袋控辅助肥料及其施肥方法对无核白葡萄产量品质的影响
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摘要
吐鲁番地区得天独厚的气候条件使其成为我国葡萄的主要生产基地之一,其中无核白葡萄为该地区的支柱产业,但是该地区土壤疏松多孔,有机质含量较低,且多为沙砾土、沙土等,土壤砂石化严重,疏松多孔,加之该地区降雨少蒸发量大,年灌水10～13次,水肥流失现象严重,肥料利用效率低下,需多次、大量追肥保证肥力供应。
本试验在已有研究的基础上,对吐鲁番地区的主栽品种无核白葡萄施用有机复合肥,并采用纸袋扎孔缓控释肥技术,以改善土壤结构、节约肥料与人工、保护资源环境、增产增收为目标,通过对多种处理的研究和分析来筛选适合新疆无核白葡萄的节约型、环保型、增产型生产的最佳施肥方案,试验结果如下:
(1)经过铁肥叶面喷施的处理(A2处理)与未喷施铁肥的处理(A1处理)比较,植株的光合作用最高增加了34个百分点、叶片三个时期的叶绿素平均含量增加了1个SPAD,产量增加了3个百分点,糖度增加了5个百分点。因为铁素能促进叶绿素、DNA和激素的合成,且能促进植株的光合作用。
(2)施用有机复合肥对无核白葡萄的产量和品质有促进作用,但单施有机复合肥(A4处理)的优势并不是很明显,产量仅比施用常规氮磷肥的处理(A1处理)高5.86%,糖度增加了5.48%,果柄耐拉力和果粒耐压力两个耐贮性指标分别增加12.91%和12.87%。
(3)将有机复合肥用纸袋包装并喷施铁肥(A7处理)的产量比当地管理方法(CK)高38.6%,达到47725/hm2,增值23925.6元/hm2,糖度增加了22.80%,达到19.93,果柄耐拉力和果粒耐压力两个耐贮性指标分别增加38.18%和78.93%,说明该地区的漏肥现象是阻碍无核白葡萄增产的重要因素,袋控肥是适合当地无核白葡萄生产的较佳施肥措施,可以有效地保肥、控肥,从而达到增产、提高果实品质的效果。
The Thompson Seedless planting is the characteristic industry in Turpan of Xinjiang region.,the main agricultural productions are Thompson Seedless and Thompson Seedless raisins. Planting area of Thompson Seedless is 28,000 hm2, accounting about 90% of the total area. Thompson Seedless -income account for 70% of the financial revenue, which is the pillar industry in Turpan.
In Turpan the soil permeability is strong and great temperature difference between day and night, therefore with the unique climate condition it is the main production base of Thompson Seedless. However, Turpan region has lower soil organic matters and more graval, sandy soil and so on, the serious problems in there are loose soil and the fertilizer lose,which leading to the the low fertilizer use efficiency,and needs topdressing several times,not only to waste fertilize and do harm to environment but also has low operating efficiency, and it is a waste of manpower .So there is the demand of applying organic fertilizer and slow release fertilizer in topdreeing.
With the basis of the former research, application of organic complex manure and technology of slow release fertilizer with paper bag has perforated are used in Shan-shan county to Thompson Seedless. Our research objective is to economize fertilizer and manpower, effectively protecting resources and environment, increase yield and income. Through the test,we screened out to the best fertilization method to the planting of Thompson Seedless in Xijiang.
We get the Main results were obtained by experiment as follows:
(1) Spraying iron fertilizer (treatment 2) plays more promotive effect to leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content than the treatment of not spraying iron fertilizer, the photosynthetic rate of plant rose,3 stages of leaf chlorophyll average content can increase 1 SPAD,yield increased 3.15% ,fruit sugar degreet was increased 4.69%. Because can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll content,DNA and hormones,so as to prmote leaf photosynthesis.
(2) Applicating of organic complex manure showed positive promotion to the fruit yield and quality of Thompson Seedless.But the advangtage of just applying organic complex manure (treatment 4)was not obviously,the yield was 5.8% more than conventional fertilizer application (treatment 1), fruit sugar degreet was just increased 5.48%. Two index of tensile resistance and withstand voltage of fruit stalk and fruit change range was not apparently, respectively increased 12.91% and12.87% .The results show that the phenomenon of fertilizer leakage is the important factor to influence the increase yield of Thompson Seedless.
(3) The treatment of bag-controlled release fertilizer and spraying iron fertilizer(treatment 7) has a good effect than the ways of fertilization method in local(CK), the yield increased by 47725 kg·hm2 , the yield increase rate being 38.6%,increase income by 23925.6 yuan·hm2. fruit sugar degreet was increased 22.80%,up to 19.93. Two index of tensile resistance and withstand voltage of fruit stalk and fruit change range was apparently bigger, respectively increased 38.18% and 78.93% .The tests result indicated that applicating of bag-controlled release fertilizer is an effective measure for increasing yieled of Thompson Seedless in Shan-shan county, which is a best way of fertilization modes to the yiele of Thompson Seedless.
本试验在已有研究的基础上,对吐鲁番地区的主栽品种无核白葡萄施用有机复合肥,并采用纸袋扎孔缓控释肥技术,以改善土壤结构、节约肥料与人工、保护资源环境、增产增收为目标,通过对多种处理的研究和分析来筛选适合新疆无核白葡萄的节约型、环保型、增产型生产的最佳施肥方案,试验结果如下:
(1)经过铁肥叶面喷施的处理(A2处理)与未喷施铁肥的处理(A1处理)比较,植株的光合作用最高增加了34个百分点、叶片三个时期的叶绿素平均含量增加了1个SPAD,产量增加了3个百分点,糖度增加了5个百分点。因为铁素能促进叶绿素、DNA和激素的合成,且能促进植株的光合作用。
(2)施用有机复合肥对无核白葡萄的产量和品质有促进作用,但单施有机复合肥(A4处理)的优势并不是很明显,产量仅比施用常规氮磷肥的处理(A1处理)高5.86%,糖度增加了5.48%,果柄耐拉力和果粒耐压力两个耐贮性指标分别增加12.91%和12.87%。
(3)将有机复合肥用纸袋包装并喷施铁肥(A7处理)的产量比当地管理方法(CK)高38.6%,达到47725/hm2,增值23925.6元/hm2,糖度增加了22.80%,达到19.93,果柄耐拉力和果粒耐压力两个耐贮性指标分别增加38.18%和78.93%,说明该地区的漏肥现象是阻碍无核白葡萄增产的重要因素,袋控肥是适合当地无核白葡萄生产的较佳施肥措施,可以有效地保肥、控肥,从而达到增产、提高果实品质的效果。
The Thompson Seedless planting is the characteristic industry in Turpan of Xinjiang region.,the main agricultural productions are Thompson Seedless and Thompson Seedless raisins. Planting area of Thompson Seedless is 28,000 hm2, accounting about 90% of the total area. Thompson Seedless -income account for 70% of the financial revenue, which is the pillar industry in Turpan.
In Turpan the soil permeability is strong and great temperature difference between day and night, therefore with the unique climate condition it is the main production base of Thompson Seedless. However, Turpan region has lower soil organic matters and more graval, sandy soil and so on, the serious problems in there are loose soil and the fertilizer lose,which leading to the the low fertilizer use efficiency,and needs topdressing several times,not only to waste fertilize and do harm to environment but also has low operating efficiency, and it is a waste of manpower .So there is the demand of applying organic fertilizer and slow release fertilizer in topdreeing.
With the basis of the former research, application of organic complex manure and technology of slow release fertilizer with paper bag has perforated are used in Shan-shan county to Thompson Seedless. Our research objective is to economize fertilizer and manpower, effectively protecting resources and environment, increase yield and income. Through the test,we screened out to the best fertilization method to the planting of Thompson Seedless in Xijiang.
We get the Main results were obtained by experiment as follows:
(1) Spraying iron fertilizer (treatment 2) plays more promotive effect to leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content than the treatment of not spraying iron fertilizer, the photosynthetic rate of plant rose,3 stages of leaf chlorophyll average content can increase 1 SPAD,yield increased 3.15% ,fruit sugar degreet was increased 4.69%. Because can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll content,DNA and hormones,so as to prmote leaf photosynthesis.
(2) Applicating of organic complex manure showed positive promotion to the fruit yield and quality of Thompson Seedless.But the advangtage of just applying organic complex manure (treatment 4)was not obviously,the yield was 5.8% more than conventional fertilizer application (treatment 1), fruit sugar degreet was just increased 5.48%. Two index of tensile resistance and withstand voltage of fruit stalk and fruit change range was not apparently, respectively increased 12.91% and12.87% .The results show that the phenomenon of fertilizer leakage is the important factor to influence the increase yield of Thompson Seedless.
(3) The treatment of bag-controlled release fertilizer and spraying iron fertilizer(treatment 7) has a good effect than the ways of fertilization method in local(CK), the yield increased by 47725 kg·hm2 , the yield increase rate being 38.6%,increase income by 23925.6 yuan·hm2. fruit sugar degreet was increased 22.80%,up to 19.93. Two index of tensile resistance and withstand voltage of fruit stalk and fruit change range was apparently bigger, respectively increased 38.18% and 78.93% .The tests result indicated that applicating of bag-controlled release fertilizer is an effective measure for increasing yieled of Thompson Seedless in Shan-shan county, which is a best way of fertilization modes to the yiele of Thompson Seedless.
引文
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