基于嵌入式湿地监测数据采集与管理系统的研究
摘要
湿地是人类重要的生存环境,现阶段湿地被破坏较为严重,湿地管理和保护十分重要。湿地监测是湿地管理过程中的有机组成部分,基于现代电子技术的自动化监测手段成本低,可以大范围高密度设置监测站点,在空间、时间上都是非常高效的。本研究基于ARM+Linux的嵌入式技术,尝试建立湿地监测数据采集与管理系统。
本研究探讨了湿地监测的内容、指标以及监测的过程,采用在嵌入式系统中结合无线局域网(WLAN)技术用于湿地数据采集的方案。研究了基于ARM+Linux的嵌入式系统开发,包括以S3C2410为核心的各种硬件电路设计、嵌入式Linux开发中Bootloader开发移植和Linux内核移植等。将嵌入式数据采集子系统划分为数据采集和通信两部分,数据采集部分以DS18B20温度传感器为例进行了程序开发,讨论了基于SQLite3的数据库应用开发方法,实现了对原始数据的存储管理;通信部分以无线局域网为通信手段,讨论了嵌入式Linux下的TCP/IP通信及socket编程,并实现了采集设备与上位机的通信。
完成了湿地信息管理子系统的设计与开发,提供了多种形式的数据查询和统计功能,并实现了数据导出为DBF、EXCEL等格式的功能,查询和统计的结果能够以表格、图表的方式展示,结果一目了然。通过实验表明,将无线网络技术与嵌入式系统相结合,可以实现湿地监测数据的采集与发送功能。湿地监测数据采集与管理系统的建立,能够为进一步分析湿地演化等后续工作提供支持,对开展湿地管理和保护工作具有重要意义。
Wetlands are important environment for the survival of the human. Nowadays, wetlands are serious damaged by human. Management and protection of wetlands is very important. Wetland monitoring is an integral part of process of wetland management, modern electronic technology-based monitoring methods are low cost, and can be large-scale and high-density used. They are very efficient in the space and time. This paper creates a wetland monitoring data collection and management system based on ARM and embedded Linux.
This paper discusses the content of wetland monitoring, indicators and monitoring process, introduces the embedded systems with WLAN in collecting wetland monitoring data. Embedded systems development is researched based on ARM and Linux, including varieties of hardware circuit design on the S3C2410, Bootloader and Linux kernel transplantation in embedded Linux development. Embedded data collection subsystem is divided into two parts, data collection and communication. Using DS18B20 as an example develops data collection programs, discusses the database application development based on SQLite3, and completes the raw data of the storage management. The part of communication adopts WLAN for some means of communication, discusses the TCP/IP communications and socket programming under the embedded Linux, and implements communication with the host computer.
Finally, this paper designs and completes the wetlands information management subsystem, which provided various forms of data query and statistical functions, and the function of the data exported to DBF, EXCEL format. The results of query and statistical are showed through table and chart, and the results at a glance. Experiments show that the wireless network technology and embedded systems can be achieved to wetland monitoring data collection and delivery. Wetland monitoring data collection and management system is able to be further analysis, such as wetlands in the evolution of the follow-up to provide support for carrying out the management and protection of wetlands in the great significance.
本研究探讨了湿地监测的内容、指标以及监测的过程,采用在嵌入式系统中结合无线局域网(WLAN)技术用于湿地数据采集的方案。研究了基于ARM+Linux的嵌入式系统开发,包括以S3C2410为核心的各种硬件电路设计、嵌入式Linux开发中Bootloader开发移植和Linux内核移植等。将嵌入式数据采集子系统划分为数据采集和通信两部分,数据采集部分以DS18B20温度传感器为例进行了程序开发,讨论了基于SQLite3的数据库应用开发方法,实现了对原始数据的存储管理;通信部分以无线局域网为通信手段,讨论了嵌入式Linux下的TCP/IP通信及socket编程,并实现了采集设备与上位机的通信。
完成了湿地信息管理子系统的设计与开发,提供了多种形式的数据查询和统计功能,并实现了数据导出为DBF、EXCEL等格式的功能,查询和统计的结果能够以表格、图表的方式展示,结果一目了然。通过实验表明,将无线网络技术与嵌入式系统相结合,可以实现湿地监测数据的采集与发送功能。湿地监测数据采集与管理系统的建立,能够为进一步分析湿地演化等后续工作提供支持,对开展湿地管理和保护工作具有重要意义。
Wetlands are important environment for the survival of the human. Nowadays, wetlands are serious damaged by human. Management and protection of wetlands is very important. Wetland monitoring is an integral part of process of wetland management, modern electronic technology-based monitoring methods are low cost, and can be large-scale and high-density used. They are very efficient in the space and time. This paper creates a wetland monitoring data collection and management system based on ARM and embedded Linux.
This paper discusses the content of wetland monitoring, indicators and monitoring process, introduces the embedded systems with WLAN in collecting wetland monitoring data. Embedded systems development is researched based on ARM and Linux, including varieties of hardware circuit design on the S3C2410, Bootloader and Linux kernel transplantation in embedded Linux development. Embedded data collection subsystem is divided into two parts, data collection and communication. Using DS18B20 as an example develops data collection programs, discusses the database application development based on SQLite3, and completes the raw data of the storage management. The part of communication adopts WLAN for some means of communication, discusses the TCP/IP communications and socket programming under the embedded Linux, and implements communication with the host computer.
Finally, this paper designs and completes the wetlands information management subsystem, which provided various forms of data query and statistical functions, and the function of the data exported to DBF, EXCEL format. The results of query and statistical are showed through table and chart, and the results at a glance. Experiments show that the wireless network technology and embedded systems can be achieved to wetland monitoring data collection and delivery. Wetland monitoring data collection and management system is able to be further analysis, such as wetlands in the evolution of the follow-up to provide support for carrying out the management and protection of wetlands in the great significance.
引文
[1]吕宪国.湿地生态系统观测方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:3-4.
[2]Mitsch,W J,Gosselink J G.Wetlands(3rd ed.)[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,2000.
[3]Gardiner J.1994.Pressures on wetlands[C].In Falconer,R.A.&P.Goodwin(eds),Wetland Management.Thomas Telford Services,London.
[4]Mitsch W J.1998.Protecting the world's wetlands:threats and opportunities in the 21st century[C].InMcComb,A.J.& J.A.Davis(eds),Wetlands for the Future:Contributions from INTECOL'S V International Wetlands Conference.Gleneagles Publishing,Adelaide.
[5]姜明,吕宪国,刘吉平等.湿地生态系统观测进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(5):41-48.
[6]MATTEW E B,MICHAEL J W,PAUL W S,et al.A GIS model of subsurface water potential for aquatic resource inventory,assessment,and environmental management[J].Environmental Management,2003,32(6):706-719.
[7]DONALD W S.Demography and habitat use of the Badwater snail(Assiminea infima),with observations on its conservation status,Death Valley National Park,California,U.S.A.[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,466(1-3):255-265.
[8]STEVEN J P,DAVID R M,ROBERT W H,et al.The Importance of Spatial Scale for Conservation and Assessment of Anuran Populations in Coastal Wetlands of the Western Great Lakes,USA[J].Landscape Ecol,2005,20(4):441-454.
[9]汪达,汪明娜,汪丹.国际湿地保护策略及模式[J].湿地科学,2003,1(2):153-158.
[10]FINLAYSON C M,STORRS D S,LINDNER G.Degradation and rehabilitation of wetlands in the Alligator Rivers Region of northern Australia[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1997,5(1):19-36.
[11]FINLAYSON C M,MITCHELL D S.Australian wetlands:the monitoring challenge[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1999,7(1-2):105-112.
[12]KINGSFORD R T.Managing the water of the Border Rivers in Australia:irrigation,Government and the wetland environment[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1999,7(1-2):25-35.
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[15]LULLA K,HOWE R,MAUSEL P.An evaluation of data enhancement techniques for a geobotanical site:Soldier's Delight,Maryland- Phasel[C].International Symposiumon Remote Sensing of Environment,Second Thematic Conference:Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology,Fort Worth,TX,United States.1982.97-107.
[16]M.A.Hardisky,M.EGross,V.Klemas.Remote sensing of Coastal Wetlands[J].BioScience Eeology from Space,1986,36(7):453-460.
[17]Kindseher K.,A.Fraser,M.E Jakubauskas,and D.M.Debinski.Identifying Wetland Meadows in Grand Teton National Park using Remote Sensing and Average Wetland Values[J].Wetlands Eeology and Managements,1998,5:265-273.
[18]Kurt D.Fausch,Yoshinori Taniguchi,Shigeru Nakano,Gary D.Grossman,and Colin R.Townsend.Flood Disturbance Regimes Influence Rainbow Trout Invasion Success Among five Holarctic Regions[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11:1438-1454.
[19]S(u|¨)ha Berberoglu,K.Tuluhan Yilmaz and Coskun(O|¨)zkan.Mapping and Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands of Cukurova Delta in the Eastern Mediterranean region[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2004,11:615-633.
[20]Chopra R,Verma V K,Sharma P K.Mapping,monitoring and conversation of Harike wetland ecosystem[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(1):89-98.
[21]Jessika Toyra,Alain Pietroniro,Lawrence W M.Multisensor hydrologic assessment of a freshwater wetland[J].Remote Sensing of Environment.2001,75:162-173.
[22]Phinn S R,Stow D A,Mouwerik D V.Remotely sensed estimates of vegetation structural characteristics in restored wetland,Southern Califomia[J].Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing.1999,65(4):485-493.
[23]Ramsey E W.Monitoring flooding in coastal wetlands by using radar imagery and ground-based instruments[J].Int.J.Remote Sens.1995,16:2495-2502.
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[25]Mitsch W J,Wuxy,Naim P W.Grating and Restoring wetlands[J].Boil Sci,1998,48(12):1019-1030.
[26]黄成才.论中国的湿地保护与管理[J].林业资源管理,2004(5):36-39.
[27]黄娟琴.杭州市区湿地资源遥感调查与监测研究[D].浙江大学.农学硕士.2005:4-8.
[28]汪爱华,张树清.RS和GIS支持下的三江平原沼泽湿地动态变化研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(5):636-640.
[29]刘秀云,满碱.辽东湾湿地动态变化遥感监测与分析[J].辽宁城乡坏境科技,2003,23(5):26-29.
[30]张志锋,赵文吉.北京湿地分析与监测[J].地球信息科学,2004,6(1):53-57.
[31]杨秀春,朱晓华.江苏省湿地资源现状及其可持续利用研究[J].经济地理,2004,24(1):81-84.
[32]衣伟宏,杨柳等.基于ETM+影像的扎龙湿地遥感分类研究[J].湿地科 学,2004,2(3):208-212.
[33]任宪友等.3s技术在江汉平原湿地监测中的应用[J].世界科技研究与发展,2004,26(1):55-58.
[34]杨秀丽等.深圳西海岸湿地资源遥感动态监测[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(1):38-41.
[35]杨义彬.湿地生态环境监测方法探讨[J].四川气象,2005,25(2):24-26.
[36]周百力.湿地环境监测中的多通道温湿度自动测量系统[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(4):374-378.
[37]蒋鹏.基于无线传感器网络的湿地水环境远程实时监测系统关键技术研究[J].传感技术学报,2007,20(1):183-186.
[38]姜纪红,汤燕冰.杭州西溪国家湿地公园生态气象监测研究[J].科技通报,2007,23(6):790-794.
[39]张明祥,张建军.中国国际重要湿地监测的指标与方法[J].湿地科学,2007,5(10):1-6.
[40]姜明,吕宪国,杨青.湿地土壤及其环境功能评价体系[J].湿地科学,2006,4(3):168-173.
[41]严承高,张明祥.湿地生物多样性价值评价指标及方法研究[J].林业资源管理,2000,(1):41-46.
[42]候树静.基于无线局域网的嵌入式视频监控系统研究[D].河海大学.工学硕士.2007:13-14.
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[2]Mitsch,W J,Gosselink J G.Wetlands(3rd ed.)[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,2000.
[3]Gardiner J.1994.Pressures on wetlands[C].In Falconer,R.A.&P.Goodwin(eds),Wetland Management.Thomas Telford Services,London.
[4]Mitsch W J.1998.Protecting the world's wetlands:threats and opportunities in the 21st century[C].InMcComb,A.J.& J.A.Davis(eds),Wetlands for the Future:Contributions from INTECOL'S V International Wetlands Conference.Gleneagles Publishing,Adelaide.
[5]姜明,吕宪国,刘吉平等.湿地生态系统观测进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(5):41-48.
[6]MATTEW E B,MICHAEL J W,PAUL W S,et al.A GIS model of subsurface water potential for aquatic resource inventory,assessment,and environmental management[J].Environmental Management,2003,32(6):706-719.
[7]DONALD W S.Demography and habitat use of the Badwater snail(Assiminea infima),with observations on its conservation status,Death Valley National Park,California,U.S.A.[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,466(1-3):255-265.
[8]STEVEN J P,DAVID R M,ROBERT W H,et al.The Importance of Spatial Scale for Conservation and Assessment of Anuran Populations in Coastal Wetlands of the Western Great Lakes,USA[J].Landscape Ecol,2005,20(4):441-454.
[9]汪达,汪明娜,汪丹.国际湿地保护策略及模式[J].湿地科学,2003,1(2):153-158.
[10]FINLAYSON C M,STORRS D S,LINDNER G.Degradation and rehabilitation of wetlands in the Alligator Rivers Region of northern Australia[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1997,5(1):19-36.
[11]FINLAYSON C M,MITCHELL D S.Australian wetlands:the monitoring challenge[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1999,7(1-2):105-112.
[12]KINGSFORD R T.Managing the water of the Border Rivers in Australia:irrigation,Government and the wetland environment[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1999,7(1-2):25-35.
[13]方子云,汪达.水环境与水资源保护流域化管理的探讨[J].水资源保护,2001(4):4-7.
[14]戴建兵,俞益武,曹群.湿地保护与管理研究综述[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(3):328-333.
[15]LULLA K,HOWE R,MAUSEL P.An evaluation of data enhancement techniques for a geobotanical site:Soldier's Delight,Maryland- Phasel[C].International Symposiumon Remote Sensing of Environment,Second Thematic Conference:Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology,Fort Worth,TX,United States.1982.97-107.
[16]M.A.Hardisky,M.EGross,V.Klemas.Remote sensing of Coastal Wetlands[J].BioScience Eeology from Space,1986,36(7):453-460.
[17]Kindseher K.,A.Fraser,M.E Jakubauskas,and D.M.Debinski.Identifying Wetland Meadows in Grand Teton National Park using Remote Sensing and Average Wetland Values[J].Wetlands Eeology and Managements,1998,5:265-273.
[18]Kurt D.Fausch,Yoshinori Taniguchi,Shigeru Nakano,Gary D.Grossman,and Colin R.Townsend.Flood Disturbance Regimes Influence Rainbow Trout Invasion Success Among five Holarctic Regions[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11:1438-1454.
[19]S(u|¨)ha Berberoglu,K.Tuluhan Yilmaz and Coskun(O|¨)zkan.Mapping and Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands of Cukurova Delta in the Eastern Mediterranean region[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2004,11:615-633.
[20]Chopra R,Verma V K,Sharma P K.Mapping,monitoring and conversation of Harike wetland ecosystem[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(1):89-98.
[21]Jessika Toyra,Alain Pietroniro,Lawrence W M.Multisensor hydrologic assessment of a freshwater wetland[J].Remote Sensing of Environment.2001,75:162-173.
[22]Phinn S R,Stow D A,Mouwerik D V.Remotely sensed estimates of vegetation structural characteristics in restored wetland,Southern Califomia[J].Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing.1999,65(4):485-493.
[23]Ramsey E W.Monitoring flooding in coastal wetlands by using radar imagery and ground-based instruments[J].Int.J.Remote Sens.1995,16:2495-2502.
[24]Houhoulis P F,Michener W K.Detecting wetland change:A rule-based approach using NWI and SPOT-XS data[J].Photogrammetric Engineering &Remote Sensing.2000,66(2):205-211.
[25]Mitsch W J,Wuxy,Naim P W.Grating and Restoring wetlands[J].Boil Sci,1998,48(12):1019-1030.
[26]黄成才.论中国的湿地保护与管理[J].林业资源管理,2004(5):36-39.
[27]黄娟琴.杭州市区湿地资源遥感调查与监测研究[D].浙江大学.农学硕士.2005:4-8.
[28]汪爱华,张树清.RS和GIS支持下的三江平原沼泽湿地动态变化研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(5):636-640.
[29]刘秀云,满碱.辽东湾湿地动态变化遥感监测与分析[J].辽宁城乡坏境科技,2003,23(5):26-29.
[30]张志锋,赵文吉.北京湿地分析与监测[J].地球信息科学,2004,6(1):53-57.
[31]杨秀春,朱晓华.江苏省湿地资源现状及其可持续利用研究[J].经济地理,2004,24(1):81-84.
[32]衣伟宏,杨柳等.基于ETM+影像的扎龙湿地遥感分类研究[J].湿地科 学,2004,2(3):208-212.
[33]任宪友等.3s技术在江汉平原湿地监测中的应用[J].世界科技研究与发展,2004,26(1):55-58.
[34]杨秀丽等.深圳西海岸湿地资源遥感动态监测[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(1):38-41.
[35]杨义彬.湿地生态环境监测方法探讨[J].四川气象,2005,25(2):24-26.
[36]周百力.湿地环境监测中的多通道温湿度自动测量系统[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(4):374-378.
[37]蒋鹏.基于无线传感器网络的湿地水环境远程实时监测系统关键技术研究[J].传感技术学报,2007,20(1):183-186.
[38]姜纪红,汤燕冰.杭州西溪国家湿地公园生态气象监测研究[J].科技通报,2007,23(6):790-794.
[39]张明祥,张建军.中国国际重要湿地监测的指标与方法[J].湿地科学,2007,5(10):1-6.
[40]姜明,吕宪国,杨青.湿地土壤及其环境功能评价体系[J].湿地科学,2006,4(3):168-173.
[41]严承高,张明祥.湿地生物多样性价值评价指标及方法研究[J].林业资源管理,2000,(1):41-46.
[42]候树静.基于无线局域网的嵌入式视频监控系统研究[D].河海大学.工学硕士.2007:13-14.
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