胶囊内镜系统的无线视频传输技术研究
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摘要
胶囊内镜系统是一种新型的胶囊大小的医用无线检测系统,主要用于对消化道疾病的检测。检测时,患者像吞食胶囊药丸一样吞服胶囊检测装置,该装置在通过人体消化道期间采集消化道内的图像,并将图像数据通过无线方式传输到体外的接收装置,医生通过图像工作站浏览接收的图像,诊断患者的消化道疾病。由于实际应用场合对胶囊内镜体积的限制及长时间视频无线传输的要求,胶囊内镜系统的实现研究一直是人们关心的热点问题。
本文在分析胶囊内镜系统的特性、工作原理和关键技术的基础上,深入研究系统实现所涉及的相关技术,包括图像传感技术、无线数据传输技术、低功耗设计技术和封装技术,给出了一种胶囊内镜系统的实现方案,并进行系统实现方案的验证设计,包括系统的硬件设计和软件设计。通过对设计结果的实验调试,完成了胶囊内镜系统无线视频传输的初步验证过程,实验结果证明了所给方案的可行性,为以后的进一步研究开发实用的胶囊内镜系统打下了坚实的基础。
论文工作的创新点主要体现在:1、采用数字化图像采集与MPEG4硬件压缩相结合的方案,设计实现了在较低传输速率条件下的实时数字视频图像传输;2、采用2.4GHz通用频段的无线收发一体芯片即nRF24L01设计实现了低成本的无线视频传输。
Capsule endoscopy system is a new type of wireless detection system with capsule size and mainly used for detecting digestive diseases in medicine. While detecting, the patient swallows this detection device just like having a pill. The device in the human body will shoot as many pictures as it can when going through the digestive tract and transmit them to the receiving device outside. Doctors diagnose the disease based on the received pictures. Because of the size restriction and long time wireless video transmission request under practical application condition, the realization reasearch of the capsule endoscopy system has been a hot issue of concern.
Based on analyzing the characteristics, principle and key technologies of capsule endoscopy system, this thesis firstly studied the technologies in-depth which are related to the realization of the system, including image sensing technology, wireless data transmission technology, low-power design technology and packaging technology. Then put forward a realization scheme of capsule endoscopy system. At last, we design a verification system of the scheme, including system hardware design and software design. After debugging to this design, preliminarily completed the verification process of the the wireless video transmission in capsule endoscopy system, the results proved the feasibility of the selected scheme, which laid a solid foundation for further studies and developing a practical capsule endoscopy.
The innovations of this thesis are that: 1. Designed and realized real-time digital video image transmission under low transmission rate condition through a way of digitized image grabbing in combination with MPEG4 hardware compression. 2. Designed and realized low-cost wireless video transmission using 2.4GHz universal frequency transceiver nRF24L01.
本文在分析胶囊内镜系统的特性、工作原理和关键技术的基础上,深入研究系统实现所涉及的相关技术,包括图像传感技术、无线数据传输技术、低功耗设计技术和封装技术,给出了一种胶囊内镜系统的实现方案,并进行系统实现方案的验证设计,包括系统的硬件设计和软件设计。通过对设计结果的实验调试,完成了胶囊内镜系统无线视频传输的初步验证过程,实验结果证明了所给方案的可行性,为以后的进一步研究开发实用的胶囊内镜系统打下了坚实的基础。
论文工作的创新点主要体现在:1、采用数字化图像采集与MPEG4硬件压缩相结合的方案,设计实现了在较低传输速率条件下的实时数字视频图像传输;2、采用2.4GHz通用频段的无线收发一体芯片即nRF24L01设计实现了低成本的无线视频传输。
Capsule endoscopy system is a new type of wireless detection system with capsule size and mainly used for detecting digestive diseases in medicine. While detecting, the patient swallows this detection device just like having a pill. The device in the human body will shoot as many pictures as it can when going through the digestive tract and transmit them to the receiving device outside. Doctors diagnose the disease based on the received pictures. Because of the size restriction and long time wireless video transmission request under practical application condition, the realization reasearch of the capsule endoscopy system has been a hot issue of concern.
Based on analyzing the characteristics, principle and key technologies of capsule endoscopy system, this thesis firstly studied the technologies in-depth which are related to the realization of the system, including image sensing technology, wireless data transmission technology, low-power design technology and packaging technology. Then put forward a realization scheme of capsule endoscopy system. At last, we design a verification system of the scheme, including system hardware design and software design. After debugging to this design, preliminarily completed the verification process of the the wireless video transmission in capsule endoscopy system, the results proved the feasibility of the selected scheme, which laid a solid foundation for further studies and developing a practical capsule endoscopy.
The innovations of this thesis are that: 1. Designed and realized real-time digital video image transmission under low transmission rate condition through a way of digitized image grabbing in combination with MPEG4 hardware compression. 2. Designed and realized low-cost wireless video transmission using 2.4GHz universal frequency transceiver nRF24L01.
引文
[1]M.Delvaux,G.Gay.Capsule endoscopy in 2005:Facts and perspectives[J].Best Practive & Research Clinical Gastroenterology,2006,20(1):23-29.
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[3]伞锕镅.胶囊内镜的临床应用与评价[J].中华全科医师杂志,2006,5(1):30-31.
[4]R.Sidhu,D.D.Sanders,K.Kapur,etc.Capsule Endoscopy Changes Patient Management in Routine Clinical Practice[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,2007,52:1382-1386.
[5]IanD.R.Arnott,S.K.Lo.The Clinical Utility of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,2004,49(6):893-901
[6]Zhi-Zheng Ge,Hai-Ying Chert,Yun-Jie Oao,etc.Clinical application of wireless capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients for suspected small bowel diseases[J].Eur J Pediatric,2007,166:825-829.
[7]皮喜田,彭承琳,郑小林等.药丸式微型诊疗仪器研究进展[J].医疗卫生装备,2004.3:29-32
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[9]谢翔,李国林,张春等.一种双向、数字式微型无线内窥镜系统设计[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2007,27(1):123-129.
[10]沈健.胶囊内窥镜系统的研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2006.
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[2]A.Glukhovsky,H.Jacob.The development and application of wireless capsule endoscopy[J].Int J Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery,2004,1(1):114-123.
[3]伞锕镅.胶囊内镜的临床应用与评价[J].中华全科医师杂志,2006,5(1):30-31.
[4]R.Sidhu,D.D.Sanders,K.Kapur,etc.Capsule Endoscopy Changes Patient Management in Routine Clinical Practice[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,2007,52:1382-1386.
[5]IanD.R.Arnott,S.K.Lo.The Clinical Utility of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy[J].Digestive Diseases and Sciences,2004,49(6):893-901
[6]Zhi-Zheng Ge,Hai-Ying Chert,Yun-Jie Oao,etc.Clinical application of wireless capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients for suspected small bowel diseases[J].Eur J Pediatric,2007,166:825-829.
[7]皮喜田,彭承琳,郑小林等.药丸式微型诊疗仪器研究进展[J].医疗卫生装备,2004.3:29-32
[8]闵敏.基于MSP430低功耗消化道无线内窥镜的研制[D].重庆大学,2006.
[9]谢翔,李国林,张春等.一种双向、数字式微型无线内窥镜系统设计[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2007,27(1):123-129.
[10]沈健.胶囊内窥镜系统的研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2006.
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[13]Jose L.Gonzalez-Guillaumin,Daniel C.Sadowski,Karan V.I.S.Kaler,etc.Ingestible capsule for Impedance and pH Monitoring in the Esophagus[J].IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering, 2007,54(12):2231-2236.
[14]T. Nagaoka, A. Uchiyama. Development of a small wireless position sensor for medical capsule devices[J]. Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, 2004,1:2137-2140.
[15]Chao Hu, Max Qinghu Meng, Mrinal Mandal. Efficient Magnetic Localization and Orientation Technique for Capsule Endoscopy[J]. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2005:628-633.
[16]HE Wen-hui, YAN Guo-zheng, GUO Xu-dong. The Application of Magnetoresistive Sensor in Detecting the Capsule's Localization in GI[J]. Proceedings of International Conference of the IEEE CCS, 2006,4:2762-2765.
[17]Federico Carpi, Stefano Galbiati, Angelo Carpi. Magnetic shells for gastrointestinal endoscopic capsules as a means to control their motion[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2006,60:370-374.
[18]Xiaona Wang, Max Q. -H. Meng. A Magnetic Stereo-Actuation Mechanism for Active Capsule Endoscope[J]. Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, 2007:2811-2814.
[19]Federico Carpi, Stefano Galbiati, Angelo Carpi. Controlled Navigation of Endoscopic Capsules: Concept and Preliminary Experimental Investigations[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2007,54(11):2028-2036.
[20]Xudong Wu, Wensheng Hou, Chenglin Peng, etc. Wearable magnetic locating and tracking system for MEMS medial capsule[J]. Sensors and Actuators A,2008,141:432-439.
[21]Liu Hongying, Pi Xitian, Zhou Chengwen, etc. Design of Site Specific Delivery Capsule based on MEMS[J]. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2008-01:498-501.
[22]Khalil Arshak, Francis Adepoju, Kevin Hayes. Tracking Wireless Bio-Medical Sensors: Result Validation with the Bland-Altman Plots[J]. IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, 2008-02:149-154.
[23]Byungkyu Kim, Sunghak Lee, Jong Hyeon Park, etc. Inchworm-like Microrobot for Capsule Endoscope[J]. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2004-08:458-463.
[24]Li Man-tian, Sun Li-ning, Li Yang. Workspace and Passable Environment Analyse of a Underactuated Inchworm-like Micro-robot[J]. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics & Automation, 2005, 4(4):1741-1744.
[25]E. A.Avila, A. M. Melendez, M. R. Falfan, etc. An Inchworm-Like Robot Prototype for Robust Exploration[J]. Proceedings of the Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference, 2006,1:91-96.
[26]Hyunjun Park, Sungjin Park, Euisung Yoon, etc. Paddling based Microrobot for Capsule Endoscope[J]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,2007-04:3377-3382.
[27]Gabor Kosa, Moshe Shoham, Menashe Zaaroor. Propulsion of a Swimming Micro Medical Robot[J]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,2005-04:1327-1331.
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[29]Marco Quirini, Robert J.Webster III, Arianna Menciassi, etc. Design of a Pill-Sized 12-legged Endoscopic Capsule Robot[J]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007-04:1856-1862.
[30]Marco Quirini, Arianna Menciassi, Sergio Scapellato, etc. Design and Fabrication of a Motor Legged Capsule for the Active Exploration of the Gastrointestinal Tract[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2008-04,13(2):169-179.
[3l]Kanishka Lahiri, Sujit Dey, Anand Raghunathan. Communication-Based Power Management[J]. IEEE Design & Test Computers, 2002-08:118-130.
[32]Kanishka Lahiri, Anand Raghunathan, Sujit Dey. Efficient Power Profiling for Battery-Driven Embedded System Design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and System, 2004,23(6):919-932.
[33]William G. Scanlon, J.Brian Burns, Noel E.Evans. Radiowave Propagation from a Tissue-Implanted Source at 418MHz and 916.5Mhz[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2000,47(4):527-534.
[34]Lawrence C.Chirwa,Paul A.Hammond,Scott Roy,etc.Electromagnetic Radiation from Ingested Sources in the Human Intestine between 150Mhz and 1.2GHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2003,50(4):484-492.
[35]Xiuquan Liu,PingHuang,Zhaorui Zeng.Study on Techniques of Outside Energy Supply for Wireless Capsule Endoscope[J].IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation,2007-06:203-206.
[36]Bert Lenaerts,Robert Puerso An inductive power link for a wireless endoscope[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2007,22:1390-1395.
[37]王庆有.图像传感器应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[38]李科杰.现代传感技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[39]吕泉,张洪润.现代传感器原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[40]董永贵.传感技术与系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[41]Leonw W.Couch,Ⅱ著,罗新民,任品毅,黄华等泽.数字与模拟通信系统(第七版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007-11.
[42]许若群.无线电频谱资源的政府规制研究[J].经济问题探索,2003,(3):118-122.
[43]熊雨凯.基于Intel XScale架构的嵌入式系统蓝牙设备驱动的研究于实现[D].昆明理工大学,2007.
[44]郭华.基于ARM的Zigbee无线网络通信系统的研究与设计[D].山东科技大学,2006.
[45]中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会.图像通信技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002-06.
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