故障预测与健康管理系统中基于RFID的数据采集节点设计
摘要
随着电子系统智能化、复杂性的不断提高,对电子系统的故障诊断与预测技术的研究也备受关注。故障预测与健康管理(Prognostic and Health Management,PHM)作为一种基于智能预测的系统主动性保障策略,能够更有效的实现系统状态监测和故障预测。表征系统健康状态或故障状态的参数是PHM的数据基础,因此获取这些参数的数据采集技术也将成为PHM领域的一项重要研究内容。本论文将以故障预测与健康管理为应用背景,设计一种基于射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术的无线数据采集节点。
本文针对传统有线数据采集技术在传输距离较近、安装布线困难和维护成本高昂等方面的不足,提出了一种基于RFID技术的主动式无线数据采集节点的设计方案。在硬件方面,结合项目要求,选用nRF9E5片上系统射频芯片,其内嵌8051兼容微处理器和nRF905射频收发芯片,可以实现系统控制和射频收发,同时利用其内部ADC来实现电压参数的采集;选用25AA320作为nRF9E5的外置E2PROM存储器;传感器选用超低功耗数字温度传感器TMP102,能够有效降低数据采集节点采集温度数据时所消耗的能量。在具体电路设计上,采用低能耗MOS管和实时时钟PCF8563设计了电源管理模块,实现对数据采集节点的定时开关控制,降低系统能耗,延长电池使用寿命。整个数据采集节点由电池供电,同时PCF8563具有低电压报警功能,能够提醒用户及时更换电池,使设计更加人性化。在软件低功耗设计方面主要采用了主动式通讯协议和低占空比采样工作周期等措施,此外还有软件模拟二线制总线协议等内容。
论文的最后对数据采集节点的工作性能做了一系列的测试,并且针对具体的模拟电路故障预测与健康管理系统做了系统应用验证。测试验证的结果表明,本文设计的基于RFID数据采集节点,在无线传输距离、数据准确性和低功耗要求等都达到预期目标,能够满足实际应用需要,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。
Research on fault diagnosis and prediction of the electronic system is getting more and more attention, since the intelligentizing and complexity of electronic system keep advancing. As an initiative security strategy based on intelligent system forecasting, Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) can realize the condition monitoring and fault prediction of system more impactful. It is obviously that the research on data acquisition techniques, which used to collect the status parameters of system health or fault, will become an important research topic of PHM, since these status parameters are the data basis of PHM. This dissertation designs an wireless data acquisition node based the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique, and it is used to collect the status parameters of PHM.
To ravel out the shortages of traditional wired data acquisition in the transmission distance, install wiring and maintenance costs, etc., this dissertation proposes an active data acquisition node design based on RFID technique. In hardware design, considering the project requirements, nRF9E5, a RF system on chip which embedded with 8051 compatible microcontroller and RF transceiver chip nRF905 is used to be system controller and RF transceiver; while taking advantage of its internal ADC converter to achieve voltage data acquisition; 25AA320, is selected as external E2PROM memory of nRF9E5; ultra-low power sensor digital temperature sensor TMP102 is used to reduce the energy consumed in temperature data collection. In the specific circuit design, the low-power MOS tube and real-time clock PCF8563 are used in power management module design to achieve the timing switch control of tag sensor, it also can help to reduce energy consumption and prolong the expected service life of battery. The data acquisition node powered by battery. PCF8563 has low-voltage alarm function, it can remind users to change the batteries. Low-power design of the software mainly uses the active communication protocols and low duty cycle of sampling and so on. The software design also includes the analog two-wire bus protocol.
A series of tests are done to test the performances of the proposed data acquisition node, and validated in a prognostic and health management system. Test validation results show that the design of RFID-based data acquisition node achieve the desired requirements in wireless transmission range, accurate data acquisition and low power requirements, etc. The proposed data acquisition node can satisfy the application needs in different fields, it is practical and valuable to popularized.
本文针对传统有线数据采集技术在传输距离较近、安装布线困难和维护成本高昂等方面的不足,提出了一种基于RFID技术的主动式无线数据采集节点的设计方案。在硬件方面,结合项目要求,选用nRF9E5片上系统射频芯片,其内嵌8051兼容微处理器和nRF905射频收发芯片,可以实现系统控制和射频收发,同时利用其内部ADC来实现电压参数的采集;选用25AA320作为nRF9E5的外置E2PROM存储器;传感器选用超低功耗数字温度传感器TMP102,能够有效降低数据采集节点采集温度数据时所消耗的能量。在具体电路设计上,采用低能耗MOS管和实时时钟PCF8563设计了电源管理模块,实现对数据采集节点的定时开关控制,降低系统能耗,延长电池使用寿命。整个数据采集节点由电池供电,同时PCF8563具有低电压报警功能,能够提醒用户及时更换电池,使设计更加人性化。在软件低功耗设计方面主要采用了主动式通讯协议和低占空比采样工作周期等措施,此外还有软件模拟二线制总线协议等内容。
论文的最后对数据采集节点的工作性能做了一系列的测试,并且针对具体的模拟电路故障预测与健康管理系统做了系统应用验证。测试验证的结果表明,本文设计的基于RFID数据采集节点,在无线传输距离、数据准确性和低功耗要求等都达到预期目标,能够满足实际应用需要,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。
Research on fault diagnosis and prediction of the electronic system is getting more and more attention, since the intelligentizing and complexity of electronic system keep advancing. As an initiative security strategy based on intelligent system forecasting, Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) can realize the condition monitoring and fault prediction of system more impactful. It is obviously that the research on data acquisition techniques, which used to collect the status parameters of system health or fault, will become an important research topic of PHM, since these status parameters are the data basis of PHM. This dissertation designs an wireless data acquisition node based the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique, and it is used to collect the status parameters of PHM.
To ravel out the shortages of traditional wired data acquisition in the transmission distance, install wiring and maintenance costs, etc., this dissertation proposes an active data acquisition node design based on RFID technique. In hardware design, considering the project requirements, nRF9E5, a RF system on chip which embedded with 8051 compatible microcontroller and RF transceiver chip nRF905 is used to be system controller and RF transceiver; while taking advantage of its internal ADC converter to achieve voltage data acquisition; 25AA320, is selected as external E2PROM memory of nRF9E5; ultra-low power sensor digital temperature sensor TMP102 is used to reduce the energy consumed in temperature data collection. In the specific circuit design, the low-power MOS tube and real-time clock PCF8563 are used in power management module design to achieve the timing switch control of tag sensor, it also can help to reduce energy consumption and prolong the expected service life of battery. The data acquisition node powered by battery. PCF8563 has low-voltage alarm function, it can remind users to change the batteries. Low-power design of the software mainly uses the active communication protocols and low duty cycle of sampling and so on. The software design also includes the analog two-wire bus protocol.
A series of tests are done to test the performances of the proposed data acquisition node, and validated in a prognostic and health management system. Test validation results show that the design of RFID-based data acquisition node achieve the desired requirements in wireless transmission range, accurate data acquisition and low power requirements, etc. The proposed data acquisition node can satisfy the application needs in different fields, it is practical and valuable to popularized.
引文
[1]曾声奎,Michael G. Pecht,吴际.故障预测与健康管理(PHM)技术的现状与发展[J].航空学报,2005,26(5):626-631
[2] Gartner D L, Dibbert S E.[A].Autotestcon Proeeedings 2001 IEEE Systems Readiness Teehnology Conference[C].2001.
[3]许丽佳.电子系统的故障预测与健康管理技术:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[4]彭宇,刘大同,彭喜元.故障预测与健康管理技术综述[J].电子测量与仪器学报, 2010,24(01):1-7
[5]黄伟,何晶靖,张叔农.一种无线环境参数采集系统原型构建[J].测控技术2007,26(10):4-7
[6]张宝珍,王萍.预测与健康管理(PHM)技术在国外新一代战斗机发动机中的应用[J].测控技术,2008,27:213
[7]孙博,康锐,谢劲松. PHM系统中的传感器应用与数据传输技术[J].测控技术, 2007, 26(7):12-14
[8] Mike Horton.用无线方式采集试验数据[J].今日电子,2002,10:31
[9]单联海.基于无线数据传输的嵌入式监控系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[10] Nickerson B,Lally R. Development of a smart wireless net workable sensor for aircraft engine health management [A]. Aerospace Conference Proceedings,2001(07):3255-3262
[11]叶安新. Bluetooth与其他无线接入技术[J].现代电子技术,2005,15:31-33
[12]陈文周. WiFi技术研究及应用[J].数据通信,2008,2:14-15
[13]陈莉.基于ZigBee协议的环境监测无线传感器网络测量节点的设计:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2008
[14] Klaus Finkzeller.射频识别技术(吴晓峰,陈大才译)M.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[15] Klaus Finkzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术-无线感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用. M.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[16]马净.几种常用温度传感器的原理及发展[J].中国仪器仪表,2004,6:1-2
[17]张拓.无线多点温度采集系统的设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009
[18]杨剑.基于nRF905的无线射频数据采集系统的开发与实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2007
[19]鲍金宝,袁冰冰,郭黎利.基于89C52和射频芯片NRF401无线数传模块的设计[J].应用科技,2005,12:13-15
[20]毕莹.无线传感器网络节点的低功耗研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2008
[21]钟子果,远距离射频身份识别技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2005
[22] Texas Instruments. Low Power Digital Temperature Sensor Whith SMBus/Tow-Wire Serial Interface in SOT563. 2007
[23] RudyeMc, Glothlin.全面了解数字温度传感器规范[J].今日电子,2009,9:45-46
[24]刘良福,焦海宁,黄隆胜. MCS-51单片机模拟I2C总线传输的实现方法[J].赣南师范学院学报,2005,6:41-43
[25]王淑玲,孙长鹏.射频无线通讯芯片nRF9E5在人员识别卡中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2008,1:47-50
[26]周向红. DS80C320单片机的特点及应用[J].企业技术开发,2005,24(11):23-24
[27] Nordie Semieonduetor 433/868/9l5MHz RF Transeeiver with Embeded 8051 ComPatible Mierocontroller and 4 input 10·bit ADC nRF9E5. 2004
[28]唐波.基于nRF9E5的井下人员定位系统:[硕士学位论文].成都:四川大学,2006
[29]焦传海.基于nRF9E5的有源超高频RFID系统设计[J].今日电子,2007,3:79-82
[30]石建坡.低能耗无线监控网络的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:南开大学,2006
[31] Brian. Wi-Fi收发器的电源和接地设计[J].电子产品世界,2006
[32]李缉熙.射频电路与芯片设计要点(王志功译)M北京:高等教育出版社,2007
[33]李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实践M北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[34]卞丽,张国华,戢敏.时钟芯片PCF8563接口及驱动设计[J].中国科技信息,2007,17:69-70
[35]薛德庆,姚世锋.新型故障诊断方法在装备中的应用研究[J].科学技术与工程,2006,6(14):2168
[36] 433/868/915MHz RF Transceiver with Embedded 8051 Compatible Microcontrollerand 4 Input, 10 Bit ADC. Nordic Semiconductor, 2006,6.
[37] nRF9E5 RF and antenna layout Nordic Semiconductor Application Not 2006,6
[2] Gartner D L, Dibbert S E.[A].Autotestcon Proeeedings 2001 IEEE Systems Readiness Teehnology Conference[C].2001.
[3]许丽佳.电子系统的故障预测与健康管理技术:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[4]彭宇,刘大同,彭喜元.故障预测与健康管理技术综述[J].电子测量与仪器学报, 2010,24(01):1-7
[5]黄伟,何晶靖,张叔农.一种无线环境参数采集系统原型构建[J].测控技术2007,26(10):4-7
[6]张宝珍,王萍.预测与健康管理(PHM)技术在国外新一代战斗机发动机中的应用[J].测控技术,2008,27:213
[7]孙博,康锐,谢劲松. PHM系统中的传感器应用与数据传输技术[J].测控技术, 2007, 26(7):12-14
[8] Mike Horton.用无线方式采集试验数据[J].今日电子,2002,10:31
[9]单联海.基于无线数据传输的嵌入式监控系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[10] Nickerson B,Lally R. Development of a smart wireless net workable sensor for aircraft engine health management [A]. Aerospace Conference Proceedings,2001(07):3255-3262
[11]叶安新. Bluetooth与其他无线接入技术[J].现代电子技术,2005,15:31-33
[12]陈文周. WiFi技术研究及应用[J].数据通信,2008,2:14-15
[13]陈莉.基于ZigBee协议的环境监测无线传感器网络测量节点的设计:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2008
[14] Klaus Finkzeller.射频识别技术(吴晓峰,陈大才译)M.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[15] Klaus Finkzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术-无线感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用. M.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[16]马净.几种常用温度传感器的原理及发展[J].中国仪器仪表,2004,6:1-2
[17]张拓.无线多点温度采集系统的设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009
[18]杨剑.基于nRF905的无线射频数据采集系统的开发与实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2007
[19]鲍金宝,袁冰冰,郭黎利.基于89C52和射频芯片NRF401无线数传模块的设计[J].应用科技,2005,12:13-15
[20]毕莹.无线传感器网络节点的低功耗研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2008
[21]钟子果,远距离射频身份识别技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2005
[22] Texas Instruments. Low Power Digital Temperature Sensor Whith SMBus/Tow-Wire Serial Interface in SOT563. 2007
[23] RudyeMc, Glothlin.全面了解数字温度传感器规范[J].今日电子,2009,9:45-46
[24]刘良福,焦海宁,黄隆胜. MCS-51单片机模拟I2C总线传输的实现方法[J].赣南师范学院学报,2005,6:41-43
[25]王淑玲,孙长鹏.射频无线通讯芯片nRF9E5在人员识别卡中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2008,1:47-50
[26]周向红. DS80C320单片机的特点及应用[J].企业技术开发,2005,24(11):23-24
[27] Nordie Semieonduetor 433/868/9l5MHz RF Transeeiver with Embeded 8051 ComPatible Mierocontroller and 4 input 10·bit ADC nRF9E5. 2004
[28]唐波.基于nRF9E5的井下人员定位系统:[硕士学位论文].成都:四川大学,2006
[29]焦传海.基于nRF9E5的有源超高频RFID系统设计[J].今日电子,2007,3:79-82
[30]石建坡.低能耗无线监控网络的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:南开大学,2006
[31] Brian. Wi-Fi收发器的电源和接地设计[J].电子产品世界,2006
[32]李缉熙.射频电路与芯片设计要点(王志功译)M北京:高等教育出版社,2007
[33]李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实践M北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[34]卞丽,张国华,戢敏.时钟芯片PCF8563接口及驱动设计[J].中国科技信息,2007,17:69-70
[35]薛德庆,姚世锋.新型故障诊断方法在装备中的应用研究[J].科学技术与工程,2006,6(14):2168
[36] 433/868/915MHz RF Transceiver with Embedded 8051 Compatible Microcontrollerand 4 Input, 10 Bit ADC. Nordic Semiconductor, 2006,6.
[37] nRF9E5 RF and antenna layout Nordic Semiconductor Application Not 2006,6