逼近香农限的检测解码算法与差错控制技术研究
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摘要
通信网络极大地方便了人们日常的工作学习和生活娱乐,并在社会公共服务和政府职能转变等方面扮演着重要的角色。另一方面,消费市场对低成本高质量通信需求的日益膨胀推动着高性能通信网络的研究工作在不断的前进。从技术的角度看,提高通信网络性能的本质是研究逼近香农限的传输技术和高效率的通信协议。本文从传输的角度出发,对通信网络中物理层、涉及到物理层和链路层的跨层、链路层以及网络层的若干关键技术展开了研究,得到了一些能够进一步逼近香农限的检测解码算法和差错控制技术,具体如下:
第一、研究了部分响应信道下信号的检测问题,针对编码调制系统提出了低复杂度的新型迭代去码间干扰检测算法。首先,把判决反馈BCJR检测算法(BCJR-DFD)用于连续相位调制(CPM)信号的检测,得到了忽略错误传播时的性能;其次,针对部分响应信道下的编码调制信号提出了基于BCJR-DFD的新型迭代检测解码算法,并通过仿真评估了相关性能和采用外部信息传递图(EXIT Chart)对迭代算法做了数值分析得到了算法收敛所需的信噪比门限。最后,把新迭代算法用于LDPC-CPM编码调制系统以及卷积码+RS码的级联编码系统中,并对其做了性能仿真。用A和B分别表示检测器和解码器的复杂度,经过N_(iter)次迭代后,传统迭代算法的总运算量为N_(iter)(A+B),而新迭代算法仅为A+N_(iter)B,因此新算法大大降低了复杂度。同时仿真结果还表明新算法可较好地逼近理想情况下的性能。
第二、研究了基于非规则LDPC的跨层编解码方案,利用非规则LDPC码的不均等错误保护(UEP)特性设计了跨层迭代译码方案和提出了嵌入式LDPC编解码方案。跨层迭代译码方案中链路层利用CRC码检测出已正确解码的帧并修改其先验信息,用于下一轮迭代时帮助物理层LDPC码中其他比特的纠错,而拥有更低误帧率的精华帧具有更高的概率能够被用于下一轮迭代时帮助其他比特的纠错。该方案在不增加额外冗余的前提下有效地缩小了非规则LDPC码与香农限的距离。基于类似的原理,嵌入式LDPC方案的链路层对物理层非规则LDPC码(外码)的精华比特嵌入一极高码率的LDPC码(内码)做进一步的保护,使精华比特具有更高的概率能够被用于下一轮迭代时帮助外码中其他比特的纠错。该方案在加入极少量额外冗余的情况下有效地缩小纠错系统与香农限的距离。本文还对两种方案的性能增益做了理论证明并对迭代译码算法做了数值分析得到了各自收敛所需的信噪比门限。
第三、研究了跳频数传系统的抗干扰差错控制问题,提出了一种基于半码率可逆线性分组码的第二类HARQ方案,用于少量数据的突发可靠传输。首先,采用训练序列做人为干扰检测以抛弃干扰帧对系统的影响;其次,将半码率BCH码的可逆性拓展到一般的线性分组码中,降低了接收端的译码运算量;再次,利用CRC码的冗余比特设计了双比特纠错多比特检错的CRC译码器,改善了系统在高信噪比下的吞吐量;最后,采用等增益包合并技术以利用过去的重传来降低再次重传的概率,提高了低信噪比下的吞吐量。论文对方案的性能做了理论分析得到了吞吐量的通用表达式和中高信噪比下的近似表达,同时还对关键技术给系统带来的性能增益做了理论分析。通过仿真评估了基于BCH和LDPC的两种实例方案在不同信道下的性能,结果表明新方案在该特殊的应用下具有很高的效率。
第四、研究了包交换网络中的丢包恢复问题,提出了码率兼容的代数(RCA)纠删码并将其用于小文件广播中实现丢包恢复。RCA码能通过递归的方法实现增量的构造,从而在接收端显示了高度的码率兼容性,这使得基于RCA码的丢包恢复方案对时变链路具有自适应性。描述了RCA码的定义、编解码算法之后,给出了基于RCA码的小文件广播端到端方案,并通过仿真评估了其性能,结果表明基于RCA码的丢包恢复方案在丢包率(?)∈[0,1/2)的网络中用于小文件广播时具有逼近香农限的带宽利用率。
Communication networks have greatly facilitated people's daily life,work,study and entertainment.They also plays an important role in the social public services and the transformation of government functions.On the other hand,the requirement for high-quality lowcost communications in the growing consumer market promote the research work in constant progress.From a technical point of view,the way to improve the network performance is to study the the capacity-approaching transmission technologies and high-efficient communication protocols.This thesis conducts the research work from the transmission point of view, including the physical layer,cross-layer,link layer and network layer.And it obtains some detection/decoding algorithms and error control technologies as follows:
First,it studies the detection of partial response signals and proposes a new type of lowcomplexity iterative detection algorithm for coded signals under intersymbol interference.1) the BCJR based decision feedback detector(BCJR-DFD) is used for the detection of continuous phase modulation(CPM) signals and the performance is obtained under the neglection of error propagation assumption.2) the BCJR-DFD based iterative detection/decoding algorithm for partial response coded signals is proposed,whose performance is evaluated via simulation.This algorithm is also analyzed by EXIT Chart and the SNR threshold is obtained. 3) the new iterative algorithm is used for both the detection of LDPC-CPM coded signals and the RSCC coding schemes,then the performance evaluations are done via simulation.Let A and B be the complexity of the detector and decoder,respectively.Then the total amount of computing for traditional iterative algorithm is N_(iter)(A + B) after the N_(iter)-th iteration,while it's only A + N_(iter)B for the new iterative algorithm,which significantly reduces the complexity. At the same time,simulation results also show that the new algorithm approaches closer to the ideal performance.
Second,it studies the cross-layer codec based on the irregular LDPC,both the crosslayer iterative decoder(CLID) and nest LDPC codec scheme are proposed using the unequal error protection(UEP) of irregular LDPC.According to the CLID,the link layer CRC detects the corrected decoded frames and modifies its prior information,then it's used for helping to correct other bits in the next iteration.The elite frame with much lower frame error rate (FER) has much higher probability to be used for helping to correct other bits.CLID can effectively approach the Shannon limit without adding additional redundancy.Based on a similar principle,in the link layer of nest LDPC codec,a very high rate LDPC(inner code) is nested to the elite bits of the irregular LDPC which servers as the outer code in the physical layer.The further protection by inner code makes the elite bits have much higher probability to be used for helping to correct other bits in the outer code.The nest LDPC effectively reduces the distance from Shannon limit at the expense of adding only a small amount of additional redundancy.This thesis also proves the performance gain and analyzes the iterative decoder numerically.
Third,it studies the anti-jamming error control issue for the data-transmission in frequencyhopping communications,and proposes a type-ⅡHARQ scheme based on the half-rate invertible linear block codes for the reliable transmission of small data burst.1)Training sequences is used for the detection of human interference and the bad-frame is discarded.2)The invertibility of half-rate BCH codes is extended to the universal linear block codes and is used for reducing the computational complexity in the receiver.3)The double-error correction multiple-error detection CRC decoder is designed to improve the throughput under high SNR.4)Equal gain combining is used in order to take advantage of the past transmissions to reduce the probability of retransmission and thus to improve the throughput under low SNR. The performance is analyzed theoretically,both the exact results for all SNR and the approximate expression for moderate to high SNR is obtained.At the same time,the performance obtained by the key technology is also analyzed theoretically.Simulations under different channels are carried for both the BCH and LDPC based schemes,the results show that the new scheme in the special application has a very high throughput.
Finally,it studies the loss recovery issue in the packet-switched networks and a ratecompatible algebraic(RCA) Erasure Codes is proposed for the loss recovery in broadcasting small files.RCA codes can be constructed incrementally by recursive method,so it shows a high degree of rate-compatibility in the receiver.This makes the RCA based loss recovery schemes can adapt the time-varying channel.After describing the definition and codec algorithms of RCA codes,the end-to-end loss recovery scheme based on RCA codes is proposed. And the performance is evaluated via simulation.The results show that the RCA-based loss recovery scheme working in the network with loss rate(?)∈[0,1/2) can achieve near capacity performance when it is used for small file broadcasting.
第一、研究了部分响应信道下信号的检测问题,针对编码调制系统提出了低复杂度的新型迭代去码间干扰检测算法。首先,把判决反馈BCJR检测算法(BCJR-DFD)用于连续相位调制(CPM)信号的检测,得到了忽略错误传播时的性能;其次,针对部分响应信道下的编码调制信号提出了基于BCJR-DFD的新型迭代检测解码算法,并通过仿真评估了相关性能和采用外部信息传递图(EXIT Chart)对迭代算法做了数值分析得到了算法收敛所需的信噪比门限。最后,把新迭代算法用于LDPC-CPM编码调制系统以及卷积码+RS码的级联编码系统中,并对其做了性能仿真。用A和B分别表示检测器和解码器的复杂度,经过N_(iter)次迭代后,传统迭代算法的总运算量为N_(iter)(A+B),而新迭代算法仅为A+N_(iter)B,因此新算法大大降低了复杂度。同时仿真结果还表明新算法可较好地逼近理想情况下的性能。
第二、研究了基于非规则LDPC的跨层编解码方案,利用非规则LDPC码的不均等错误保护(UEP)特性设计了跨层迭代译码方案和提出了嵌入式LDPC编解码方案。跨层迭代译码方案中链路层利用CRC码检测出已正确解码的帧并修改其先验信息,用于下一轮迭代时帮助物理层LDPC码中其他比特的纠错,而拥有更低误帧率的精华帧具有更高的概率能够被用于下一轮迭代时帮助其他比特的纠错。该方案在不增加额外冗余的前提下有效地缩小了非规则LDPC码与香农限的距离。基于类似的原理,嵌入式LDPC方案的链路层对物理层非规则LDPC码(外码)的精华比特嵌入一极高码率的LDPC码(内码)做进一步的保护,使精华比特具有更高的概率能够被用于下一轮迭代时帮助外码中其他比特的纠错。该方案在加入极少量额外冗余的情况下有效地缩小纠错系统与香农限的距离。本文还对两种方案的性能增益做了理论证明并对迭代译码算法做了数值分析得到了各自收敛所需的信噪比门限。
第三、研究了跳频数传系统的抗干扰差错控制问题,提出了一种基于半码率可逆线性分组码的第二类HARQ方案,用于少量数据的突发可靠传输。首先,采用训练序列做人为干扰检测以抛弃干扰帧对系统的影响;其次,将半码率BCH码的可逆性拓展到一般的线性分组码中,降低了接收端的译码运算量;再次,利用CRC码的冗余比特设计了双比特纠错多比特检错的CRC译码器,改善了系统在高信噪比下的吞吐量;最后,采用等增益包合并技术以利用过去的重传来降低再次重传的概率,提高了低信噪比下的吞吐量。论文对方案的性能做了理论分析得到了吞吐量的通用表达式和中高信噪比下的近似表达,同时还对关键技术给系统带来的性能增益做了理论分析。通过仿真评估了基于BCH和LDPC的两种实例方案在不同信道下的性能,结果表明新方案在该特殊的应用下具有很高的效率。
第四、研究了包交换网络中的丢包恢复问题,提出了码率兼容的代数(RCA)纠删码并将其用于小文件广播中实现丢包恢复。RCA码能通过递归的方法实现增量的构造,从而在接收端显示了高度的码率兼容性,这使得基于RCA码的丢包恢复方案对时变链路具有自适应性。描述了RCA码的定义、编解码算法之后,给出了基于RCA码的小文件广播端到端方案,并通过仿真评估了其性能,结果表明基于RCA码的丢包恢复方案在丢包率(?)∈[0,1/2)的网络中用于小文件广播时具有逼近香农限的带宽利用率。
Communication networks have greatly facilitated people's daily life,work,study and entertainment.They also plays an important role in the social public services and the transformation of government functions.On the other hand,the requirement for high-quality lowcost communications in the growing consumer market promote the research work in constant progress.From a technical point of view,the way to improve the network performance is to study the the capacity-approaching transmission technologies and high-efficient communication protocols.This thesis conducts the research work from the transmission point of view, including the physical layer,cross-layer,link layer and network layer.And it obtains some detection/decoding algorithms and error control technologies as follows:
First,it studies the detection of partial response signals and proposes a new type of lowcomplexity iterative detection algorithm for coded signals under intersymbol interference.1) the BCJR based decision feedback detector(BCJR-DFD) is used for the detection of continuous phase modulation(CPM) signals and the performance is obtained under the neglection of error propagation assumption.2) the BCJR-DFD based iterative detection/decoding algorithm for partial response coded signals is proposed,whose performance is evaluated via simulation.This algorithm is also analyzed by EXIT Chart and the SNR threshold is obtained. 3) the new iterative algorithm is used for both the detection of LDPC-CPM coded signals and the RSCC coding schemes,then the performance evaluations are done via simulation.Let A and B be the complexity of the detector and decoder,respectively.Then the total amount of computing for traditional iterative algorithm is N_(iter)(A + B) after the N_(iter)-th iteration,while it's only A + N_(iter)B for the new iterative algorithm,which significantly reduces the complexity. At the same time,simulation results also show that the new algorithm approaches closer to the ideal performance.
Second,it studies the cross-layer codec based on the irregular LDPC,both the crosslayer iterative decoder(CLID) and nest LDPC codec scheme are proposed using the unequal error protection(UEP) of irregular LDPC.According to the CLID,the link layer CRC detects the corrected decoded frames and modifies its prior information,then it's used for helping to correct other bits in the next iteration.The elite frame with much lower frame error rate (FER) has much higher probability to be used for helping to correct other bits.CLID can effectively approach the Shannon limit without adding additional redundancy.Based on a similar principle,in the link layer of nest LDPC codec,a very high rate LDPC(inner code) is nested to the elite bits of the irregular LDPC which servers as the outer code in the physical layer.The further protection by inner code makes the elite bits have much higher probability to be used for helping to correct other bits in the outer code.The nest LDPC effectively reduces the distance from Shannon limit at the expense of adding only a small amount of additional redundancy.This thesis also proves the performance gain and analyzes the iterative decoder numerically.
Third,it studies the anti-jamming error control issue for the data-transmission in frequencyhopping communications,and proposes a type-ⅡHARQ scheme based on the half-rate invertible linear block codes for the reliable transmission of small data burst.1)Training sequences is used for the detection of human interference and the bad-frame is discarded.2)The invertibility of half-rate BCH codes is extended to the universal linear block codes and is used for reducing the computational complexity in the receiver.3)The double-error correction multiple-error detection CRC decoder is designed to improve the throughput under high SNR.4)Equal gain combining is used in order to take advantage of the past transmissions to reduce the probability of retransmission and thus to improve the throughput under low SNR. The performance is analyzed theoretically,both the exact results for all SNR and the approximate expression for moderate to high SNR is obtained.At the same time,the performance obtained by the key technology is also analyzed theoretically.Simulations under different channels are carried for both the BCH and LDPC based schemes,the results show that the new scheme in the special application has a very high throughput.
Finally,it studies the loss recovery issue in the packet-switched networks and a ratecompatible algebraic(RCA) Erasure Codes is proposed for the loss recovery in broadcasting small files.RCA codes can be constructed incrementally by recursive method,so it shows a high degree of rate-compatibility in the receiver.This makes the RCA based loss recovery schemes can adapt the time-varying channel.After describing the definition and codec algorithms of RCA codes,the end-to-end loss recovery scheme based on RCA codes is proposed. And the performance is evaluated via simulation.The results show that the RCA-based loss recovery scheme working in the network with loss rate(?)∈[0,1/2) can achieve near capacity performance when it is used for small file broadcasting.
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