时差定位无源雷达的系统设计
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摘要
无源定位技术是利用目标自身辐射的信号或利用他源信息进行定位的方法。无源定位是在有源雷达面临“四抗”威胁的时候发展起来的新体制雷达，其在航空、航天、电子战方面具有十分重要的作用。无源雷达的定位原理主要有多站时差定位、测向交叉定位、干涉仪原理等，其中长基线无源时差定位由于定位精度高而引起特别的关注，本论文从时差定位的原理及布站方式、长基线时差定位系统组成、长基线时差定位的关键技术等方面对长基线时差定位系统的设计进行了研究。
讨论了长基线时差定位的数学原理，推导出时差定位四站、三站定位方式下的定位精度计算公式，对不同布站形式、不同的时差测量精度下的系统定位误差进行了分析仿真，得出了系统的最佳布站形式。
对系统的总体设计与组成进行了说明，特别对有关分系统的设计与系统框图进行了分析说明，提出了工程上的实现方法。
对系统的误差修正、系统的关键技术进行了分析，提出了解决方法，最后总结本文的工作，提出了进一步提高长基线时差定位系统定位精度及完善系统设计的设想。
Passive location techniques realized by using electromagnetic waves emitted by the target or other sources. Passive radar system was developed while active radar has been confronted with "the four threats", and has been playing an important role in aviation, space flight and electronic warfare. Basic theory of passive location includes multi-station time difference of arrival ( TDOA) location systems, direction of arrival ( DOA) location systems, and interferometer location systems. Long baseline passive TDOA system has been studied much for the high precision of location. In this thesis, the design of long baseline TDOA location system is discussed in the way of elements and base distributing of TDOA, component of long baseline TDOA system, and key technique of long baseline TDOA system.
In this article, mathematical principle of long baseline TDOA is discussed, from which location precisions of four- TDOA and three-TDOA location are deduced. Based on the simulation of location error of different base distributing and different measure precision of TDOA, the best way of base distribution of TDOA location system is presented.
The components and design of TDOA location system are given as well. Especially, the subsystem chart and engineering realization are illustrated. After the analysis of system error correcting and key technique, solutions to these problem are given.
At last, the ideas of improving the precision of long baseline TDOA location system and consummating the system design are put forward as well.
讨论了长基线时差定位的数学原理，推导出时差定位四站、三站定位方式下的定位精度计算公式，对不同布站形式、不同的时差测量精度下的系统定位误差进行了分析仿真，得出了系统的最佳布站形式。
对系统的总体设计与组成进行了说明，特别对有关分系统的设计与系统框图进行了分析说明，提出了工程上的实现方法。
对系统的误差修正、系统的关键技术进行了分析，提出了解决方法，最后总结本文的工作，提出了进一步提高长基线时差定位系统定位精度及完善系统设计的设想。
Passive location techniques realized by using electromagnetic waves emitted by the target or other sources. Passive radar system was developed while active radar has been confronted with "the four threats", and has been playing an important role in aviation, space flight and electronic warfare. Basic theory of passive location includes multi-station time difference of arrival ( TDOA) location systems, direction of arrival ( DOA) location systems, and interferometer location systems. Long baseline passive TDOA system has been studied much for the high precision of location. In this thesis, the design of long baseline TDOA location system is discussed in the way of elements and base distributing of TDOA, component of long baseline TDOA system, and key technique of long baseline TDOA system.
In this article, mathematical principle of long baseline TDOA is discussed, from which location precisions of four- TDOA and three-TDOA location are deduced. Based on the simulation of location error of different base distributing and different measure precision of TDOA, the best way of base distribution of TDOA location system is presented.
The components and design of TDOA location system are given as well. Especially, the subsystem chart and engineering realization are illustrated. After the analysis of system error correcting and key technique, solutions to these problem are given.
At last, the ideas of improving the precision of long baseline TDOA location system and consummating the system design are put forward as well.
引文
[1] WILLIS. H.J. 'Bistatic rader', (Artech House Rader Libray, Aretech House, 685 Canton Street, Norwood,MA 02062, USA, 1st edn, 1991)
[2] P. K. Sanyal, W. L. Melvin and M. C. Wicks. "Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Advanced Airborne Surveillance(AAS) Bistatic Rader" 43rd Tri-Service Rader Symposium Boulder, CO. June 1997.
[3] 基于数据融合的多传感器系统有源特征抑制．电子学报．ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA 1998年3月．第26卷，第3期，科技期刊
[4] Li X R,Bar-Shalom Y.Design of an interacting multiple model algorithm for air traffic control tracking.IEEE Trans.on contr.syst.tech., 1993,1 (3)
[5] Bar-Shalom Y,Chang K C,Blom H A P.Tracking splitting targets in clutter by using an interacting multiple model joint probabilistic data association filter,in:Bar-Shalom Y,eds.Multitarget-multisensor tracking:advanced applications.Vol.Ⅱ,Norwood,MA:Artech House, 1992
[6] Zhou B,Bose N K.Multitarget Tracking in clutter fast algorithms for data association.IEEE Trans.on AES, 1993,29(2)
[7] M. C. Jackson, B. A., M.Sc. 'The geometry of bistatic rader systems' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[8] Prof. A. Farina, Dr.-Ing. 'Tracking function in bistatic and multistatic rader system' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[9] E. Hanle, Dr.-Ing. 'Survey of bistatic and multistatic rader' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[10] J. O. Coleman 'Diacriminants for Assigning Passive Bearing Observations to Rader Targets' IEEE International Rader Conference.
[11] 被动式防空雷达系统方案．中国电子科技集团公司第十四所内部资料。
[2] P. K. Sanyal, W. L. Melvin and M. C. Wicks. "Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Advanced Airborne Surveillance(AAS) Bistatic Rader" 43rd Tri-Service Rader Symposium Boulder, CO. June 1997.
[3] 基于数据融合的多传感器系统有源特征抑制．电子学报．ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA 1998年3月．第26卷，第3期，科技期刊
[4] Li X R,Bar-Shalom Y.Design of an interacting multiple model algorithm for air traffic control tracking.IEEE Trans.on contr.syst.tech., 1993,1 (3)
[5] Bar-Shalom Y,Chang K C,Blom H A P.Tracking splitting targets in clutter by using an interacting multiple model joint probabilistic data association filter,in:Bar-Shalom Y,eds.Multitarget-multisensor tracking:advanced applications.Vol.Ⅱ,Norwood,MA:Artech House, 1992
[6] Zhou B,Bose N K.Multitarget Tracking in clutter fast algorithms for data association.IEEE Trans.on AES, 1993,29(2)
[7] M. C. Jackson, B. A., M.Sc. 'The geometry of bistatic rader systems' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[8] Prof. A. Farina, Dr.-Ing. 'Tracking function in bistatic and multistatic rader system' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[9] E. Hanle, Dr.-Ing. 'Survey of bistatic and multistatic rader' IEE proceedings, Vol. 133, Pt. F, No. 7 December 1986.
[10] J. O. Coleman 'Diacriminants for Assigning Passive Bearing Observations to Rader Targets' IEEE International Rader Conference.
[11] 被动式防空雷达系统方案．中国电子科技集团公司第十四所内部资料。