时域成像理论及应用研究
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摘要
时域成像是在保持脉冲包络形状不变的情况下,在时间域上直接对脉冲光进行展宽或者缩小,解决了超短脉冲所带来的测量问题,它的理论基础是空间域傍轴衍射和时间域窄带光色散问题的二元性和对波函数分析的直接近似。本文在围绕时域成像的原理及应用展开了研究,取得了一些研究成果。概括全文,在研究中开展的工作及取得的成果主要有以下几个方面:
(1)对时域成像的原理进行了详细的分析,同时在了解成像原理的基础上对时域成像的放大率进行了讨论,并对时域系统中的误差进行了分析研究,说明了减小系统误差的方法。同时对国内外所报道的时域成像方案进行了总结分析,指出了各种方案的缺陷及参数设置。
(2)分析了单模光纤中的交叉相位调制效应,指出利用单模光纤中交叉相位调制进行时域成像的可行性,并进行了理论分析与数值模拟。
(3)分析介绍了半导体光放大器中的四波混频效应,给出了其理论模型,指出基于半导体光放大器的四波混频效应实现时域成像的可行性,并进行了数值模拟。
(4)基于空间域望远镜思想联想到时域级联时域透镜成像的方法,对此进行了理论分析,说明了级联时域透镜在频谱变化方面的可行性。
A temporal-imaging system can expand or compress time waveforms while maintaining the overall shape of the envelope, which solves the problem in ultrashort pulse’s measurement. The foundation of temporal imaging lies in the duality between the problems of paraxial diffraction and narrowband dispersion and is constructed by two straightforward approximations to the wave equation. Here, the theory and application of temporal imaging are studied comprehensively and profoundly. The main achievements and conclusions are summarized as follows.
(1) Analyze the principle of temporal-imaging in detail, discuss the temporal-imaging magnification on the basis of imaging principle, make analysis of the temporal system error and explain that how to reduce system error. Meanwhile, summarize temporal-imaging plans at home and abroad and indicate defects and parameter setting of these plans.
(2) Analyze the cross-phase modulation effect of single-mode fiber, put forward the plan of Temporal-imaging based on the cross-phase modulation effect of single-mode fiber.
(3) Analyze and introduce Four-Wave Mixing effect in SOA, depict its theory model, and on this bases, put forward the temporal-imaging plan based on Four-Wave Mixing effect in SOA, and make numerical simulation。.
(4) Based on the theory of spatial telescope, we bring forward the ideal of cascade temporal-imaging,and we make theoretical analysis to demonstrate its feasibility in spectrum variations
(1)对时域成像的原理进行了详细的分析,同时在了解成像原理的基础上对时域成像的放大率进行了讨论,并对时域系统中的误差进行了分析研究,说明了减小系统误差的方法。同时对国内外所报道的时域成像方案进行了总结分析,指出了各种方案的缺陷及参数设置。
(2)分析了单模光纤中的交叉相位调制效应,指出利用单模光纤中交叉相位调制进行时域成像的可行性,并进行了理论分析与数值模拟。
(3)分析介绍了半导体光放大器中的四波混频效应,给出了其理论模型,指出基于半导体光放大器的四波混频效应实现时域成像的可行性,并进行了数值模拟。
(4)基于空间域望远镜思想联想到时域级联时域透镜成像的方法,对此进行了理论分析,说明了级联时域透镜在频谱变化方面的可行性。
A temporal-imaging system can expand or compress time waveforms while maintaining the overall shape of the envelope, which solves the problem in ultrashort pulse’s measurement. The foundation of temporal imaging lies in the duality between the problems of paraxial diffraction and narrowband dispersion and is constructed by two straightforward approximations to the wave equation. Here, the theory and application of temporal imaging are studied comprehensively and profoundly. The main achievements and conclusions are summarized as follows.
(1) Analyze the principle of temporal-imaging in detail, discuss the temporal-imaging magnification on the basis of imaging principle, make analysis of the temporal system error and explain that how to reduce system error. Meanwhile, summarize temporal-imaging plans at home and abroad and indicate defects and parameter setting of these plans.
(2) Analyze the cross-phase modulation effect of single-mode fiber, put forward the plan of Temporal-imaging based on the cross-phase modulation effect of single-mode fiber.
(3) Analyze and introduce Four-Wave Mixing effect in SOA, depict its theory model, and on this bases, put forward the temporal-imaging plan based on Four-Wave Mixing effect in SOA, and make numerical simulation。.
(4) Based on the theory of spatial telescope, we bring forward the ideal of cascade temporal-imaging,and we make theoretical analysis to demonstrate its feasibility in spectrum variations
引文
[1]张洪明.高速光取样技术及应用: [博士学位论文].北京:清华大学图书馆, 2003
[2]王俊毅. 160Gb/s高速OTDM系统及其传输性能的研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2007
[3] Corey V. Bennett, Brian H. Kolner. Principles of Parametric Temporal Imaging—Part I: System Configurations. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(4): 430-437
[4] Corey V. Bennett, Brian H. Kolner. Principles of Parametric Temporal Imaging—Part II: System Performance. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(6): 649-655
[5] Brian H. Kolner. Space-Time Duality and the Theory of Temporal Imaging. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1994, 30(8): 1951-1963
[6] Athanasios Papoulis. Pulse compression, fiber communications, and diffraction: a unified approach. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1994, 11(1): 3-13
[7] Tomasz Jannson. Real-time Fourier transformation in dispersive optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1983, 8(4): 232-234
[8] JoséAza?a, Naum K. Berger, Boris Levit, et al. Spectro-Temporal Imaging of Optical Pulses With a Single Time Lens. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16(3): 882-884
[9] JoséAza?a, Naum K. Berger, Boris Levit, et al. Simplified Temporal Imaging Systems for Optical Waveforms. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(1): 94-96
[10] N. K. Berger, B. Levit , B. Fischer. New and simplified system configuration for temporal imaging of optical pulses. in Proc. LEOS, Piscataway, NJ, 2003, 1(1): 397-398
[11] Fangxin Li, JoséAza?a. Simplified time-lens based system configuration for transform limited real-time Fourier transformation of optical pulses. Optics Communications, 2007, 274(1): 59-65
[12] Corey V.Bennett, Brian.H.Kolner. Aberrations in Temproal Imaging. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(1): 20-32
[13] D. Marcuse. Pulse distortion in single-mode fibers. Appl. Opt., 1980, 19(10): 1653–1660
[14] J. A. Giordmaine, M. A. Duguay, W. Hansen. Compression of optical pulses. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1968, 4(6): 252–255
[15] D. R. Grischowsky. Optical pulse compression. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26(12): 566–568
[16] Brian H. Kolner, Moshe Nazarathy. Temporal imaging with a time lens. Optics Letters , 1989, 14(12): 630-632
[17] Brian H. Kolner, Moshe Nazarathy. Temporal imaging with a time lens. Optics Letters , 1990, 15(11): 655
[18] C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, B. H. Kolner. Up-Conversion Time Lens Demonstrates12x Magnification Of 100 GB/S Data. in Proc. LEOS, Piscataway, NJ, 1994, 2(2): 197-198
[19] R. Salem, Mark A. Foster, D. F. Geraghty, et al. Time lens for ultrafast signal measurements based on four-wave mixing in silicon. in Proc. CLEO, San Jose, California, 2008, CMG11-CMG12
[20] R. Salem, Mark A. Foster, D. F. Geraghty ,et al. Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(10): 1047-1049
[21] Levon Kh. Mouradian, Frédéric Louradour, Valérie Messager, et al. Spectro-Temporal Imaging of Femtosecond Events. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(7): 795-801
[22]王晶,苗洪利,冯启元.交叉相位调制所制啁啾的研究.中国激光, 2000, 27(8): 703-708
[23]罗爱平,许文成,陈佳成等.基于交叉相位调制的孤子脉冲压缩效应研究.中国激光, 2001, 28(5): 421-425
[24] Govind P.Agrawal. Nonlinear Fiber Optics(Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press, 1995: 289-292
[25] Govind P.Agrawal, P.LBaldeck, R.R.Alfano. Temporal and spectral effects ofcross-phase modulation on copropagating ultrashort pulses in optical fibers. Physical Review, 1989, 40(9): 5063-5072
[26]孙军强,张新亮,陈娟等.基于半导体光放大器四波混频波长转换的理论研究.电子学报, 1999, 27(11): 18-20
[27]董建绩,张新亮,黄德修.基于半导体光放大器四波混频效应的多种调制格式的波长转换实验.光学学报, 2008, 28(7): 1327-1332
[28] M. Shtaif, G. Eisenstein. Analytical solution of wave mixing between short optical pulses in a semiconductor optical amplifier. App.Phys. Lett., 1995, 66(12): 1458–1460
[29] J. M?rk, A. Mecozzi. Theory of nondegenerate four-wave mixing between pulses in a semiconductor waveguide. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1997, 33(4): 545–555
[30] A. Mecozzi, J. M?rk. Saturation effects in nondegenerate four-wave mixing between short optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., 1997, 3(5): 1190–1207
[31] I. Koltchanov, S. Kindt, K. Petermann, et al. Gain dispersion and saturation effects in four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1996, 32(4): 712–720
[32] J. M. Tang, K. A. Shore. Influence of probe depletion and crossgain modulation on four-wave mixing of picosecond optical pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1998, 11(12): 1563–1565
[33] J.M.Tang, K.A.Shore. Characteristics of Optical Phase Conjugation of Picosecond Pulses in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1999, 35(7): 1032-1040
[34] J.M.Tang, K.A.Shore. Strong picosecond optical pulse propagation in semiconductor optical amplifiers at transparency. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1998, 34(7): 1263–1269
[35] J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore. Effect of semiconductor nonlinear gain on the chirp and spectral properties of amplified subpicosecond optical pulses. Electron Letters, 1996, 32(14): 1293–1294
[36] J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore. The influence of gain compression onpicosecond optical pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Journal Of Modern Optics, 1998, 45(6): 1211–1218
[37] G. P. Agrawal, N. A. Olsson. Self-phase modulation and spectral broadening of optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1989, 25(11): 2297-2306
[38] J. Zhou, N. Park, J.W.Dawson, et al. Efficiency of broadband four-wave mixing wavelength conversion using semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers. IEEE Photon Technol Lett., 1994, 6(1): 50–52
[39]王维涛.基于四波混频的全光波长转换: [硕士学位论文].聊城:聊城大学图书馆, 2007
[40] A.Godil, B.A.Auld. Picosecond Time-Lens. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1994, 30(3): 827-837
[41] A. A. Godil, B. A. Auld, D. M. Bloom. Time-lens producing picosecond optical pulses. in Proc. CLEO, Boston, MA, 1992,OTA11-OTA12
[42] A. A. Mil, B. A. Auld, D. M. Bloom. Time-lens producing 1.9psec optical pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1993, 62(1): 1047-1049
[43] Taraprasad Chattopadhyay, Sujit Das. An efficient time lens for optical pulse compression. in Proc. NUSOD, Singapore, 2006, 1(1): 141-142
[44]常彦玲,谭中伟.时间透镜的发展与应用.电信快报, 2008, 9(2): 28-30
[45]徐光,钱列加,王韬等.用于超短脉冲扩展的时间望远镜.物理学报, 2004, 53(1): 93-98
[46] N.K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, et al. Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(19): 1644-1646
[47] N.K. Berger, B.Levit, B.Fischer. Optical pulse intensity and phase measurement by time-to-space conversion based on time-lens operation. Electronics Letters, 2001, 37(16): 1033-1034
[2]王俊毅. 160Gb/s高速OTDM系统及其传输性能的研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2007
[3] Corey V. Bennett, Brian H. Kolner. Principles of Parametric Temporal Imaging—Part I: System Configurations. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(4): 430-437
[4] Corey V. Bennett, Brian H. Kolner. Principles of Parametric Temporal Imaging—Part II: System Performance. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(6): 649-655
[5] Brian H. Kolner. Space-Time Duality and the Theory of Temporal Imaging. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1994, 30(8): 1951-1963
[6] Athanasios Papoulis. Pulse compression, fiber communications, and diffraction: a unified approach. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1994, 11(1): 3-13
[7] Tomasz Jannson. Real-time Fourier transformation in dispersive optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1983, 8(4): 232-234
[8] JoséAza?a, Naum K. Berger, Boris Levit, et al. Spectro-Temporal Imaging of Optical Pulses With a Single Time Lens. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16(3): 882-884
[9] JoséAza?a, Naum K. Berger, Boris Levit, et al. Simplified Temporal Imaging Systems for Optical Waveforms. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(1): 94-96
[10] N. K. Berger, B. Levit , B. Fischer. New and simplified system configuration for temporal imaging of optical pulses. in Proc. LEOS, Piscataway, NJ, 2003, 1(1): 397-398
[11] Fangxin Li, JoséAza?a. Simplified time-lens based system configuration for transform limited real-time Fourier transformation of optical pulses. Optics Communications, 2007, 274(1): 59-65
[12] Corey V.Bennett, Brian.H.Kolner. Aberrations in Temproal Imaging. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(1): 20-32
[13] D. Marcuse. Pulse distortion in single-mode fibers. Appl. Opt., 1980, 19(10): 1653–1660
[14] J. A. Giordmaine, M. A. Duguay, W. Hansen. Compression of optical pulses. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1968, 4(6): 252–255
[15] D. R. Grischowsky. Optical pulse compression. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26(12): 566–568
[16] Brian H. Kolner, Moshe Nazarathy. Temporal imaging with a time lens. Optics Letters , 1989, 14(12): 630-632
[17] Brian H. Kolner, Moshe Nazarathy. Temporal imaging with a time lens. Optics Letters , 1990, 15(11): 655
[18] C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, B. H. Kolner. Up-Conversion Time Lens Demonstrates12x Magnification Of 100 GB/S Data. in Proc. LEOS, Piscataway, NJ, 1994, 2(2): 197-198
[19] R. Salem, Mark A. Foster, D. F. Geraghty, et al. Time lens for ultrafast signal measurements based on four-wave mixing in silicon. in Proc. CLEO, San Jose, California, 2008, CMG11-CMG12
[20] R. Salem, Mark A. Foster, D. F. Geraghty ,et al. Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(10): 1047-1049
[21] Levon Kh. Mouradian, Frédéric Louradour, Valérie Messager, et al. Spectro-Temporal Imaging of Femtosecond Events. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 2000, 36(7): 795-801
[22]王晶,苗洪利,冯启元.交叉相位调制所制啁啾的研究.中国激光, 2000, 27(8): 703-708
[23]罗爱平,许文成,陈佳成等.基于交叉相位调制的孤子脉冲压缩效应研究.中国激光, 2001, 28(5): 421-425
[24] Govind P.Agrawal. Nonlinear Fiber Optics(Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press, 1995: 289-292
[25] Govind P.Agrawal, P.LBaldeck, R.R.Alfano. Temporal and spectral effects ofcross-phase modulation on copropagating ultrashort pulses in optical fibers. Physical Review, 1989, 40(9): 5063-5072
[26]孙军强,张新亮,陈娟等.基于半导体光放大器四波混频波长转换的理论研究.电子学报, 1999, 27(11): 18-20
[27]董建绩,张新亮,黄德修.基于半导体光放大器四波混频效应的多种调制格式的波长转换实验.光学学报, 2008, 28(7): 1327-1332
[28] M. Shtaif, G. Eisenstein. Analytical solution of wave mixing between short optical pulses in a semiconductor optical amplifier. App.Phys. Lett., 1995, 66(12): 1458–1460
[29] J. M?rk, A. Mecozzi. Theory of nondegenerate four-wave mixing between pulses in a semiconductor waveguide. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1997, 33(4): 545–555
[30] A. Mecozzi, J. M?rk. Saturation effects in nondegenerate four-wave mixing between short optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., 1997, 3(5): 1190–1207
[31] I. Koltchanov, S. Kindt, K. Petermann, et al. Gain dispersion and saturation effects in four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1996, 32(4): 712–720
[32] J. M. Tang, K. A. Shore. Influence of probe depletion and crossgain modulation on four-wave mixing of picosecond optical pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1998, 11(12): 1563–1565
[33] J.M.Tang, K.A.Shore. Characteristics of Optical Phase Conjugation of Picosecond Pulses in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1999, 35(7): 1032-1040
[34] J.M.Tang, K.A.Shore. Strong picosecond optical pulse propagation in semiconductor optical amplifiers at transparency. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1998, 34(7): 1263–1269
[35] J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore. Effect of semiconductor nonlinear gain on the chirp and spectral properties of amplified subpicosecond optical pulses. Electron Letters, 1996, 32(14): 1293–1294
[36] J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore. The influence of gain compression onpicosecond optical pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Journal Of Modern Optics, 1998, 45(6): 1211–1218
[37] G. P. Agrawal, N. A. Olsson. Self-phase modulation and spectral broadening of optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1989, 25(11): 2297-2306
[38] J. Zhou, N. Park, J.W.Dawson, et al. Efficiency of broadband four-wave mixing wavelength conversion using semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers. IEEE Photon Technol Lett., 1994, 6(1): 50–52
[39]王维涛.基于四波混频的全光波长转换: [硕士学位论文].聊城:聊城大学图书馆, 2007
[40] A.Godil, B.A.Auld. Picosecond Time-Lens. IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, 1994, 30(3): 827-837
[41] A. A. Godil, B. A. Auld, D. M. Bloom. Time-lens producing picosecond optical pulses. in Proc. CLEO, Boston, MA, 1992,OTA11-OTA12
[42] A. A. Mil, B. A. Auld, D. M. Bloom. Time-lens producing 1.9psec optical pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1993, 62(1): 1047-1049
[43] Taraprasad Chattopadhyay, Sujit Das. An efficient time lens for optical pulse compression. in Proc. NUSOD, Singapore, 2006, 1(1): 141-142
[44]常彦玲,谭中伟.时间透镜的发展与应用.电信快报, 2008, 9(2): 28-30
[45]徐光,钱列加,王韬等.用于超短脉冲扩展的时间望远镜.物理学报, 2004, 53(1): 93-98
[46] N.K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, et al. Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(19): 1644-1646
[47] N.K. Berger, B.Levit, B.Fischer. Optical pulse intensity and phase measurement by time-to-space conversion based on time-lens operation. Electronics Letters, 2001, 37(16): 1033-1034