汶川地震区地质灾害易发性快速区划与制图
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摘要
地质灾害易发性区划就是在滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害编目和各易发性因子的综合分析结果的基础上,应用定性分析和定量分析、确定性模型和随机模型相结合的方法对一个区域内地质灾害易发性程度的分布情况进行评价分区,是减灾防灾工作中的基础性工作。本论文在总结当前国内外开展滑坡评估的研究进展的基础上,围绕滑坡易发性快速评估与制图中滑坡编录和基础数据获取与更新,易发性分析中的指标因子的确定与提取,滑坡空间概率的确定等难点和存在的问题展开讨论研究。
遥感技术在区域滑坡易发性评估中具有技术支撑作用,是数据、信息获取与更新的主要技术手段和方法。考虑近年来在遥感技术应用于滑坡评价研究中遇到的问题和国外滑坡遥感技术的新进展,本文讨论了遥感影像在滑坡易发性评估中的作用、解译能力、影响解译的因素、精度评价和遥感数据源选择等问题,指出了滑坡易发性评估技术的发展趋势,阐述了遥感技术在滑坡灾害快速识别和空间数据获取中的应用技术方法。系统归纳了滑坡易发性评价的专家打分法、信息量法、证据权重法的应用并指出了三种方法应用中存在的问题,将基于GIS技术的SDM实用软件工具应用于突发地质灾害易发性区划,提出了相应的技术流程。
依托5.12特大地震的抗震救灾工作,本文建立了基于GIS、RS技术的汶川地震区四川极重灾区滑坡灾害空间数据库。以汶川地震12个极重灾县市为研究对象,在1:5万滑坡详细调查、编录和遥感影像解译的基础上,利用DEM数据,ETM影像及基础地质数据,完成了研究区滑坡易发性评价因子的提取与制图以及相关性统计分析,实现了1:5万的滑坡易发性分区评价,其中地质灾害高易发区7179.8 km2、中易发区6230.2 km2、低易发区17809.3 km2和不易发区2213.7 km2,分别占整个区域面积的21%、19%、53 %和7%。
Landslide susceptibility assessment is one of effective way for Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering. Landslide susceptibility assessment is based on the analysis of Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment factors. Based on the illustration of the terminology and framework of landslide susceptibility assessment, this paper reviews the problems and difficulties related to landslide inventory, basic data acquisition and updating, the determination of landslide spatial probability.
As for remote sensing techniques for landslide study, this paper reviews the newly application and development of for landslide study and states that RS techniques offer a solid technique infrastructure, and exploits its potential development for landslide susceptibility assessment at 5 phases: basic topographical data acquisition and extraction, landslide inventory and mapping, monitoring, landslide diagnostic factors mapping and element at susceptibility mapping. From the role of RS in landslide study, interpretability, causative condition that influence landslide identification, accuracy assessment and RS data source selection, the author states and discuss some questionable and arguable aspects in the application of RS for landslide susceptibility assessment, and as well the main trend of landslide susceptibility assessment methodologies and techniques development is given. Based on RS and GIS this paper establishs spatial data-base for study area. Many methods for landslide susceptibility assessment have been expatiated and the differices among these methods for the susceptibility zonation has been stated too. The application technique for landslide susceptibility mapping has been given established.
The most severity stricken countys in Sichuan province were selected as case study area. Based on the landslide investigation, landslide inventory and RS imagery interpretation, DEM data , ETM+ satellite image and feature dataset. with the Weights of Evidence method the susceptibility zonation of the study area was carried out and divided into 4 classes: the high class covers 21%, the median class covers 19%, the low class covers 53% , whereas the extremely low class covers 7%.
遥感技术在区域滑坡易发性评估中具有技术支撑作用,是数据、信息获取与更新的主要技术手段和方法。考虑近年来在遥感技术应用于滑坡评价研究中遇到的问题和国外滑坡遥感技术的新进展,本文讨论了遥感影像在滑坡易发性评估中的作用、解译能力、影响解译的因素、精度评价和遥感数据源选择等问题,指出了滑坡易发性评估技术的发展趋势,阐述了遥感技术在滑坡灾害快速识别和空间数据获取中的应用技术方法。系统归纳了滑坡易发性评价的专家打分法、信息量法、证据权重法的应用并指出了三种方法应用中存在的问题,将基于GIS技术的SDM实用软件工具应用于突发地质灾害易发性区划,提出了相应的技术流程。
依托5.12特大地震的抗震救灾工作,本文建立了基于GIS、RS技术的汶川地震区四川极重灾区滑坡灾害空间数据库。以汶川地震12个极重灾县市为研究对象,在1:5万滑坡详细调查、编录和遥感影像解译的基础上,利用DEM数据,ETM影像及基础地质数据,完成了研究区滑坡易发性评价因子的提取与制图以及相关性统计分析,实现了1:5万的滑坡易发性分区评价,其中地质灾害高易发区7179.8 km2、中易发区6230.2 km2、低易发区17809.3 km2和不易发区2213.7 km2,分别占整个区域面积的21%、19%、53 %和7%。
Landslide susceptibility assessment is one of effective way for Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering. Landslide susceptibility assessment is based on the analysis of Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment factors. Based on the illustration of the terminology and framework of landslide susceptibility assessment, this paper reviews the problems and difficulties related to landslide inventory, basic data acquisition and updating, the determination of landslide spatial probability.
As for remote sensing techniques for landslide study, this paper reviews the newly application and development of for landslide study and states that RS techniques offer a solid technique infrastructure, and exploits its potential development for landslide susceptibility assessment at 5 phases: basic topographical data acquisition and extraction, landslide inventory and mapping, monitoring, landslide diagnostic factors mapping and element at susceptibility mapping. From the role of RS in landslide study, interpretability, causative condition that influence landslide identification, accuracy assessment and RS data source selection, the author states and discuss some questionable and arguable aspects in the application of RS for landslide susceptibility assessment, and as well the main trend of landslide susceptibility assessment methodologies and techniques development is given. Based on RS and GIS this paper establishs spatial data-base for study area. Many methods for landslide susceptibility assessment have been expatiated and the differices among these methods for the susceptibility zonation has been stated too. The application technique for landslide susceptibility mapping has been given established.
The most severity stricken countys in Sichuan province were selected as case study area. Based on the landslide investigation, landslide inventory and RS imagery interpretation, DEM data , ETM+ satellite image and feature dataset. with the Weights of Evidence method the susceptibility zonation of the study area was carried out and divided into 4 classes: the high class covers 21%, the median class covers 19%, the low class covers 53% , whereas the extremely low class covers 7%.
引文
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