中小学信息技术课电子绩效支持系统的设计与开发
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摘要
电子绩效支持系统是近年来企业界比较关注的用来帮助培训员工，提高生产力，改善工作绩效，促进企业发展的一种电子化工具。它最初出现于职业培训领域，在企业中获得巨大的成功。近年来，在国外学校教育系统中也有了一些应用，教育工作者结合多媒体计算机与互联网络的特性而开发出的EPSS，用来促进学习者的信息获取，帮助教师和学校行政人员处理教学和管理上的一些相关的工作，比先前的系统更具有快速、及时的交互性等优点，从而为EPSS的发展提供了一个新的方向。
本文对绩效和绩效技术的概念和内涵进行了详细地论述，并对电子绩效支持系统的概念、构成和特点进行了详细的介绍，同时也论述了教育绩效的概念以及与电子绩效支持系统的关系。除此之外，本文也论述了中小学信息技术课的教学特点和这本课程的教学目标，以印证使用绩效技术开发中小学电子绩效支持系统的优势和必要性。简单的介绍了国内外电子绩效支持系统的现状之后，提出了我们这个系统所依据的学习理论—任务驱动学习理论。
根据系统设计和数据库设计的知识，对本系统进行了详细地系统设计和后台数据库系统的规划设计，在设计中大量使用了模块图、流程图以及E-R图，以此清楚明晰地表达我们的设计意图。除了对系统经行了逻辑设计，在技术上我们将系统分为后台的数据库与前端用户程序两大部分分别经行了详细的论述。
The EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System) is a kind of electronic tool which is paid close attention to by business circles relatively, and it can help train staff, raise productivity, improve performance of working, bring about an advance in enterprise. It emerged in the job-training field at first, and obtained enormous success among the enterprises. In recent years, it has some application too in education system of oversea school. The EPSS, developed by educators through combining the characteristics of the multimedia computer and internet, is used for promoting the learners' information obtaining and helping the school administrative personnel deal with teaching relevant jobs, and demonstrates the merits, such as fast, prompt interaction, etc. And the EPSS research becomes a new trend today.
This paper presents the concept of performance and performance technology in detail. And it also discusses the concept, components and characteristics of the EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System) at length. At the same time, this paper details the concept of educational performance and the connection relate to the EPSS. Besides, this thesis is talking of the teaching characteristics of elementary school and high school's course of information technology and its teaching goals for conforming the advantage and necessary of using performance technology to develop the EPSS. After recommending the status quo of the EPSS at home and abroad simply, we put the task-based learning theory forward as our system's sustaining theory.
By the knowledge about system design and database design, we design the whole system in detail and the layout of the background database. In our designing, we make use of a lot of module chart, flow chart and E-R chart for the sake of expressing our design thinking clearly. Besides the logic design, we also divide our system into two parts-background database and forward user's interface, and detail the technology design of the two parts respectively.
本文对绩效和绩效技术的概念和内涵进行了详细地论述，并对电子绩效支持系统的概念、构成和特点进行了详细的介绍，同时也论述了教育绩效的概念以及与电子绩效支持系统的关系。除此之外，本文也论述了中小学信息技术课的教学特点和这本课程的教学目标，以印证使用绩效技术开发中小学电子绩效支持系统的优势和必要性。简单的介绍了国内外电子绩效支持系统的现状之后，提出了我们这个系统所依据的学习理论—任务驱动学习理论。
根据系统设计和数据库设计的知识，对本系统进行了详细地系统设计和后台数据库系统的规划设计，在设计中大量使用了模块图、流程图以及E-R图，以此清楚明晰地表达我们的设计意图。除了对系统经行了逻辑设计，在技术上我们将系统分为后台的数据库与前端用户程序两大部分分别经行了详细的论述。
The EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System) is a kind of electronic tool which is paid close attention to by business circles relatively, and it can help train staff, raise productivity, improve performance of working, bring about an advance in enterprise. It emerged in the job-training field at first, and obtained enormous success among the enterprises. In recent years, it has some application too in education system of oversea school. The EPSS, developed by educators through combining the characteristics of the multimedia computer and internet, is used for promoting the learners' information obtaining and helping the school administrative personnel deal with teaching relevant jobs, and demonstrates the merits, such as fast, prompt interaction, etc. And the EPSS research becomes a new trend today.
This paper presents the concept of performance and performance technology in detail. And it also discusses the concept, components and characteristics of the EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System) at length. At the same time, this paper details the concept of educational performance and the connection relate to the EPSS. Besides, this thesis is talking of the teaching characteristics of elementary school and high school's course of information technology and its teaching goals for conforming the advantage and necessary of using performance technology to develop the EPSS. After recommending the status quo of the EPSS at home and abroad simply, we put the task-based learning theory forward as our system's sustaining theory.
By the knowledge about system design and database design, we design the whole system in detail and the layout of the background database. In our designing, we make use of a lot of module chart, flow chart and E-R chart for the sake of expressing our design thinking clearly. Besides the logic design, we also divide our system into two parts-background database and forward user's interface, and detail the technology design of the two parts respectively.
引文
[1] Kent L. Gustafson (2000). Designing Technology-Based Performance Support. Educational Technology. Jan.-Feb: 38—44
[2] Jean Hollis Weber, Planning an EPSS project. [On-line] Available: http://www.jeanweber.com/howto/epssplan.htm.
[3] Wild Martyn (2000). Designing and evaluating an educational performance support system. British Journal of Educational Technology. 31(1):5—16.
[4] Gary J. Dickelman. Performance Support Perspectives And Practice. Performance Improvement. 2000. (39): 5—6.
[5] Barry Raybould, Building Performance-Centered Web-Based Systems, Information Systems, And Knowledge Management Systems In the 21st Century. Performance Improvement. 2000.7: 32—39.
[6] Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, James E. McCarthy. Designing Resource-Based Learning and Performance Support Systems. Resource in web. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects. [On-line] Available: http://reusability.org/read/chapters/hannafin.doc.
[7] Kursat Cagiltay. A Design and Development Model for Building Electronic Performance Support Systems. [On-line] Available: http://www.aect.org/Events/Atlanta/Presentations/detail.asp?ProposalID=438.
[8] Martyn Wild. University Students Working with Performance Support Systems (PSSs) to Learn Complex Tasks. [On-line] Available: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/melboume95/smtu/papers/wild.pdf.
[9] Craig Marion. What is Performance-Centered Design. [On-line] Available: http://www.chesco.com/～cmarion/PCD/WhatIsPCD.html
[10] Stuart Wallace. Electronic Performance Support System for Marais des Cygnes Valley High School. Masters Project Division of Instructional Design and Technology Emporia State University. 2001.
[11] 张基成．一个运用EPSS环境进行与学习ISD的项目本位学习系统．网上
资料：http://enews.tpc.edu.tw/document/information/2001/～/8D.doc
[12]张鼎昆．人类绩效技术及其在企业中的应用．中国管理科学．2001．(9)：75—80．
[13]张祖忻．从教学设计到绩效技术．中国电化教育．(162)：5—8．
[14]何克抗．建构主义学习理论与建构主义学习环境．教育传播与技术，1996(3)．
[15]殷雅竹，李艺．论教育绩效评价．电话教育研究．2002(9)：20—24．
[16]王继新，李广．中小学信息技术课电子绩效支持系统设计探析．中国电化教育．2003(3)：42—45．
[17]祝智庭编著．网络教育应用教程．北京师范大学出版社，2001．
[18]靳玉乐主编．探究教学的学习与辅导．中国人事出版社．2002．
[19]戴海崎等．心理与教育测量．暨南大学出版社．1999．
[20]教育部文件：《中小学信息技术课程指导纲要(试行)》(教基[2000]35号)，2000年11月14日，http://www.moe.edu.cn//wreports/20010102/17.htm(教育部网站)
[21]敬业．信息素养教育的探索与实践，全球教育与展望．2001．(5)：54—61．
[22]郑永柏．教学系统设计理论和方法研究：教学处方理论和ISD-EPSS的设计与开发．北京师范大学博士学位论文．1998．5．
[23]冯玉才．数据库系统基础．华中理工大学出版社．2000．
[24]Roger Jennings．Visual Basic 6数据库开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000．
[25]Michael Otey，Paul Conte．SQL Server 2000开发指南．清华大学出版社．2002．
[26]长城工作室数据组．SQL Server 2000高级应用．人民邮电出版社．2001．
[27]Francesco Balena．Visual Basic 6编程技术大全．机械工业出版社．2000．
[28]James R．Grof，Paul N．Weinberg．SQL完全参考手册(上、下)．北京希望电子出版社．2000．
[29]林永，张乐强．Visual Basic 6用户编程手册．人民邮电出版社．1999．
[30]张谦．中小学信息技术课浅探．《实验教学与仪器》．2000(5)：35—36．
[31]易红郡．日本信息技术教育的发展及经验．《教育探索》，2001(7)：90—94．
[32]谢翔远．“元认知能力培养的认识与实践”．中国教育学刊．1998(1)：49-51。
[33]邵瑞珍主编．“教育心理学”．上海教育出版社．1999．6。
[34]吕伦国，张维忠等．“关于学习策略的思考”．浙江师范大学学报(社科版)．2000(1)：114-117。
[35]陈龙安．创造性思维与教学．中国轻工业出版社．2000．1．
[36]Lewis R．Aiken著，张厚粲译．心理测验与考试—能力喝行为表现的测量．中国轻工业出版社．2002．4．
[37]D．P．奥苏伯尔等著，佘南星等译．教育心理学—认知观点．人民教育出版社．1994．7．
[38]乌美娜．教学设计．高等教育出版社．1998．5．
[2] Jean Hollis Weber, Planning an EPSS project. [On-line] Available: http://www.jeanweber.com/howto/epssplan.htm.
[3] Wild Martyn (2000). Designing and evaluating an educational performance support system. British Journal of Educational Technology. 31(1):5—16.
[4] Gary J. Dickelman. Performance Support Perspectives And Practice. Performance Improvement. 2000. (39): 5—6.
[5] Barry Raybould, Building Performance-Centered Web-Based Systems, Information Systems, And Knowledge Management Systems In the 21st Century. Performance Improvement. 2000.7: 32—39.
[6] Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, James E. McCarthy. Designing Resource-Based Learning and Performance Support Systems. Resource in web. In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects. [On-line] Available: http://reusability.org/read/chapters/hannafin.doc.
[7] Kursat Cagiltay. A Design and Development Model for Building Electronic Performance Support Systems. [On-line] Available: http://www.aect.org/Events/Atlanta/Presentations/detail.asp?ProposalID=438.
[8] Martyn Wild. University Students Working with Performance Support Systems (PSSs) to Learn Complex Tasks. [On-line] Available: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/melboume95/smtu/papers/wild.pdf.
[9] Craig Marion. What is Performance-Centered Design. [On-line] Available: http://www.chesco.com/～cmarion/PCD/WhatIsPCD.html
[10] Stuart Wallace. Electronic Performance Support System for Marais des Cygnes Valley High School. Masters Project Division of Instructional Design and Technology Emporia State University. 2001.
[11] 张基成．一个运用EPSS环境进行与学习ISD的项目本位学习系统．网上
资料：http://enews.tpc.edu.tw/document/information/2001/～/8D.doc
[12]张鼎昆．人类绩效技术及其在企业中的应用．中国管理科学．2001．(9)：75—80．
[13]张祖忻．从教学设计到绩效技术．中国电化教育．(162)：5—8．
[14]何克抗．建构主义学习理论与建构主义学习环境．教育传播与技术，1996(3)．
[15]殷雅竹，李艺．论教育绩效评价．电话教育研究．2002(9)：20—24．
[16]王继新，李广．中小学信息技术课电子绩效支持系统设计探析．中国电化教育．2003(3)：42—45．
[17]祝智庭编著．网络教育应用教程．北京师范大学出版社，2001．
[18]靳玉乐主编．探究教学的学习与辅导．中国人事出版社．2002．
[19]戴海崎等．心理与教育测量．暨南大学出版社．1999．
[20]教育部文件：《中小学信息技术课程指导纲要(试行)》(教基[2000]35号)，2000年11月14日，http://www.moe.edu.cn//wreports/20010102/17.htm(教育部网站)
[21]敬业．信息素养教育的探索与实践，全球教育与展望．2001．(5)：54—61．
[22]郑永柏．教学系统设计理论和方法研究：教学处方理论和ISD-EPSS的设计与开发．北京师范大学博士学位论文．1998．5．
[23]冯玉才．数据库系统基础．华中理工大学出版社．2000．
[24]Roger Jennings．Visual Basic 6数据库开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000．
[25]Michael Otey，Paul Conte．SQL Server 2000开发指南．清华大学出版社．2002．
[26]长城工作室数据组．SQL Server 2000高级应用．人民邮电出版社．2001．
[27]Francesco Balena．Visual Basic 6编程技术大全．机械工业出版社．2000．
[28]James R．Grof，Paul N．Weinberg．SQL完全参考手册(上、下)．北京希望电子出版社．2000．
[29]林永，张乐强．Visual Basic 6用户编程手册．人民邮电出版社．1999．
[30]张谦．中小学信息技术课浅探．《实验教学与仪器》．2000(5)：35—36．
[31]易红郡．日本信息技术教育的发展及经验．《教育探索》，2001(7)：90—94．
[32]谢翔远．“元认知能力培养的认识与实践”．中国教育学刊．1998(1)：49-51。
[33]邵瑞珍主编．“教育心理学”．上海教育出版社．1999．6。
[34]吕伦国，张维忠等．“关于学习策略的思考”．浙江师范大学学报(社科版)．2000(1)：114-117。
[35]陈龙安．创造性思维与教学．中国轻工业出版社．2000．1．
[36]Lewis R．Aiken著，张厚粲译．心理测验与考试—能力喝行为表现的测量．中国轻工业出版社．2002．4．
[37]D．P．奥苏伯尔等著，佘南星等译．教育心理学—认知观点．人民教育出版社．1994．7．
[38]乌美娜．教学设计．高等教育出版社．1998．5．