浙东中新世三种被子植物微细构造与古气候重建
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摘要
地球进入新生代以后,全球气温在整体上处于持续下降的变化过程。研究地史时期的气候必须依赖承载了当时气候信息的媒介,而植物正是气候变化的指示计,环境变化能在植物体本身留下相应的痕迹。近年来,利用植物化石恢复、重建古气候的方法正在受到越来越多人的重视,其中,“特有种气候分析法”就是利用植物演化过程中产生的特有类群进行古气候重建的一种行之有效的方法。
本文研究了产于浙江天台中新统下南山组的三种被子植物化石,分别为:古亮叶桦(Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney)、翁格榉(Zelkova ungeri kovats)和古凹叶冬青(Ilex cf.championii)。对这三种化石植物的叶结构和表皮微细构造进行了详细研究,并且通过对比叶结构和表皮形态,验证了亮叶桦(Betulaluminifera H.Wink1.)、大叶榉(Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.)和凹叶冬青(Ilex championii Loes.)三种现代植物分别为三种化石植物的最近现存亲缘种或相似种,且三种现代植物均为我国特有种。
化石记录显示,亮叶桦、大叶榉和凹叶冬青的现代分布相对于各自化石植物均向南迁移,其分布区的缩小证明了新近纪以来浙江东部气候逐渐变冷的趋势。分别运用“特有种气候分析法”,通过研究三种现代植物分布区内的气候参数,定量重建了天台下南山组的古气候,三种植物可以共存的年均温为12.5～20.8℃,年平均降雨量为1083.0～1695.4mm。研究表明,浙江东部中新世时为温暖湿润气候。
As a whole,the global temperature was in a variational state of dropping persistently in the Cenozoic.When studying the palaeoclimate,a medium that contains the information of the palaeoclimate has to be depended on.And plants which can change their bodies while the climate changes,just are the best indicators of climate change.In recent years,more and more people focused on the methods of the palaeoclimate reconstructed by fossil plants,and "Climate analysis of endemic species" is one of those methods for reconstructing palaeoclimate by endemic species, engendered in their evolutional process.
Three fossil angiosperm leaves from the Miocene Xia'nanshan Formation of Tiantai in Zhejiang Province were studied in the present paper,and they are Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney,Zelkova ungeri kovats and Ilex cf.championii.By studying detailedly the leaf architecture and cuticular structure of these fossils,a fact was proved that the living plants Betula luminifera H.Winkl.,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.and Ilex championii Loes.are the nearest living relative species or similar species of the three fossil plants respectively,and the three living plants are also endemic species in China.
The fossil records shows that the distribution areas of Betula luminifera H. Winkl.,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.and llex championii Loes.moved towards Southern China relative to their fossil species,and it proves that the climate in Eastern Zhejiang Province has been gradually becoming cooler since the Neogene. The palaeoclimate was reconstructed quantitatively by "Climate analysis of endemic species" method making use of the climate parameter in the distribution area of three living plants.The mean annual temperature that three fossil plants could live together was 12.5～20.8℃,and the mean annual rainfall was 1083.0～1695.4mm.The research shows that the Miocene climate was warm and humid in Tiantai,Zhejiang Province.
本文研究了产于浙江天台中新统下南山组的三种被子植物化石,分别为:古亮叶桦(Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney)、翁格榉(Zelkova ungeri kovats)和古凹叶冬青(Ilex cf.championii)。对这三种化石植物的叶结构和表皮微细构造进行了详细研究,并且通过对比叶结构和表皮形态,验证了亮叶桦(Betulaluminifera H.Wink1.)、大叶榉(Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.)和凹叶冬青(Ilex championii Loes.)三种现代植物分别为三种化石植物的最近现存亲缘种或相似种,且三种现代植物均为我国特有种。
化石记录显示,亮叶桦、大叶榉和凹叶冬青的现代分布相对于各自化石植物均向南迁移,其分布区的缩小证明了新近纪以来浙江东部气候逐渐变冷的趋势。分别运用“特有种气候分析法”,通过研究三种现代植物分布区内的气候参数,定量重建了天台下南山组的古气候,三种植物可以共存的年均温为12.5～20.8℃,年平均降雨量为1083.0～1695.4mm。研究表明,浙江东部中新世时为温暖湿润气候。
As a whole,the global temperature was in a variational state of dropping persistently in the Cenozoic.When studying the palaeoclimate,a medium that contains the information of the palaeoclimate has to be depended on.And plants which can change their bodies while the climate changes,just are the best indicators of climate change.In recent years,more and more people focused on the methods of the palaeoclimate reconstructed by fossil plants,and "Climate analysis of endemic species" is one of those methods for reconstructing palaeoclimate by endemic species, engendered in their evolutional process.
Three fossil angiosperm leaves from the Miocene Xia'nanshan Formation of Tiantai in Zhejiang Province were studied in the present paper,and they are Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney,Zelkova ungeri kovats and Ilex cf.championii.By studying detailedly the leaf architecture and cuticular structure of these fossils,a fact was proved that the living plants Betula luminifera H.Winkl.,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.and Ilex championii Loes.are the nearest living relative species or similar species of the three fossil plants respectively,and the three living plants are also endemic species in China.
The fossil records shows that the distribution areas of Betula luminifera H. Winkl.,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.and llex championii Loes.moved towards Southern China relative to their fossil species,and it proves that the climate in Eastern Zhejiang Province has been gradually becoming cooler since the Neogene. The palaeoclimate was reconstructed quantitatively by "Climate analysis of endemic species" method making use of the climate parameter in the distribution area of three living plants.The mean annual temperature that three fossil plants could live together was 12.5～20.8℃,and the mean annual rainfall was 1083.0～1695.4mm.The research shows that the Miocene climate was warm and humid in Tiantai,Zhejiang Province.
引文
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