城市景观中拓扑形态的应用研究
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摘要
本文的研究皆是在前人关于园林、建筑之于拓扑学的研究的启发之下,比照城市景观中的拓扑形态应用进行的。将从图形学的角度对城市景观中拓扑学的应用进行研究。在城市的范围里,有很多设计是介于文本主义和表现主义之间,它们虽然在构成形式上与中国古典园林存在着一定的区别,但归根结底,城市景观中拓扑形态的大量存在还是不可否认的,拓扑形态的应用使得对空间流动性和连续性的表达更为轻松。本文将着眼于对拓扑性质在现代城市景观空间形态中的应用进行分析,归纳探讨城市景观设计中已存在的拓扑性应用现象,阐述拓扑形态在底界面上的的组合变化方式和具体的表现手段。以期能够获得启发,探索出适用的具体手法,在进行城市景观设计时更好的把握空间的界面和形态,使空间形态的概念扩大化,创造出更贴近自然、富有想象力、适合现代城市空间的景观环境。
本文以相关专业的研究成果为基础,建构出城市景观中的拓扑形态应用这一体系的框架,针对现代景观中形式单调、风格雷同等一系列问题,将如何使城市风貌既延续本国文化传统和地域特点,又与时俱进、体现时代特征这个问题具体而微,并推导出几种具体的手法。使我们在进行城市景观的创新设计时可以从多角度考虑,通过在底界面有规律的呼应与联系获得城市景观这个四维空间的延续性,塑造弹性空间。从不同的角度给空间组合提供更新的思维方式,以更灵活的方式塑造自然流畅的景观形体,寻求多种兼顾环境与人性需求的新的表达方式,缔造新鲜活泼、有发展潜力的城市景观。
The whole research is inspired of fore person's work that concerning Chinese gardens and buildings, carrying on contrast the application of topology shape in the urban landscape. We will research on the application of topology form in urban landscape from the perspective to artwork. A lot of design in the scope of urban is lain at the version doctrine and expressionism, although they are differences certain with Chinese classic garden in constitute form. But we can not deny that there is a great deal of topology shape exists in the urban landscape. The application of topology shape makes it easier with the expression of space's continuously and liquidity. The paper will be aim at the analyses that the application of topology character in modern urban , Be summed up and discussed the phenomenon of topology character application that have already existed in urban landscape design study city view to design in of the and elaborate the combination form and concrete performance gimmick of topology shape in the bottom interface. With wish to be inspire enough, investigate the concrete skill that could apply in design. Better hold spatial interface and appearance while carrying on a city view a design, make the concept of space form extension and create a urban landscape which is more natural, more imaginative, and suitable with modern urban space.
The paper takes related professional research result as foundation, constructed the frame of the system that applications of topology shape in urban landscape, aim at a series of problem in the modern urban landscape , such as the monotonously form, similar style etc. Would ever make the problem Concretize that is urban appearance since continue native cultural tradition and region characteristics, again advance with time, embody features of the date, and deduce a few reality skills. Make us could be able to consider from different perspective while carry on the creative design in urban landscape, passed by the regularly connection in bottom interface, acquiring the continuity in urban landscape what is a four-dimensional space, mold a flexibility space. Provide a newer thinking mode of spaces combination from different angle, mold the landscape shape that is natural and fluency in more vividly way, look for a new and variety expression method what is give attention to both environment and the demanding of human, create a urban landscape which is fresh and alacrity ,and have the potential of development.
本文以相关专业的研究成果为基础,建构出城市景观中的拓扑形态应用这一体系的框架,针对现代景观中形式单调、风格雷同等一系列问题,将如何使城市风貌既延续本国文化传统和地域特点,又与时俱进、体现时代特征这个问题具体而微,并推导出几种具体的手法。使我们在进行城市景观的创新设计时可以从多角度考虑,通过在底界面有规律的呼应与联系获得城市景观这个四维空间的延续性,塑造弹性空间。从不同的角度给空间组合提供更新的思维方式,以更灵活的方式塑造自然流畅的景观形体,寻求多种兼顾环境与人性需求的新的表达方式,缔造新鲜活泼、有发展潜力的城市景观。
The whole research is inspired of fore person's work that concerning Chinese gardens and buildings, carrying on contrast the application of topology shape in the urban landscape. We will research on the application of topology form in urban landscape from the perspective to artwork. A lot of design in the scope of urban is lain at the version doctrine and expressionism, although they are differences certain with Chinese classic garden in constitute form. But we can not deny that there is a great deal of topology shape exists in the urban landscape. The application of topology shape makes it easier with the expression of space's continuously and liquidity. The paper will be aim at the analyses that the application of topology character in modern urban , Be summed up and discussed the phenomenon of topology character application that have already existed in urban landscape design study city view to design in of the and elaborate the combination form and concrete performance gimmick of topology shape in the bottom interface. With wish to be inspire enough, investigate the concrete skill that could apply in design. Better hold spatial interface and appearance while carrying on a city view a design, make the concept of space form extension and create a urban landscape which is more natural, more imaginative, and suitable with modern urban space.
The paper takes related professional research result as foundation, constructed the frame of the system that applications of topology shape in urban landscape, aim at a series of problem in the modern urban landscape , such as the monotonously form, similar style etc. Would ever make the problem Concretize that is urban appearance since continue native cultural tradition and region characteristics, again advance with time, embody features of the date, and deduce a few reality skills. Make us could be able to consider from different perspective while carry on the creative design in urban landscape, passed by the regularly connection in bottom interface, acquiring the continuity in urban landscape what is a four-dimensional space, mold a flexibility space. Provide a newer thinking mode of spaces combination from different angle, mold the landscape shape that is natural and fluency in more vividly way, look for a new and variety expression method what is give attention to both environment and the demanding of human, create a urban landscape which is fresh and alacrity ,and have the potential of development.
引文
[1]龙承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997,9
[2]查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005 ,105
[3] http://www.yangzheng.com.cn/keti/wangluo/2004-2005/shuxue/ouladingli/index.html
[4]《辞海》缩本,680页
[5]拓扑学的由来,来自网络:大科普网
[6]龙承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997.9
[7]刘蔓.景观艺术设计[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2000.23
[8]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.18-19
[9]查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.105
[10]李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006.
[11]李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006.51-54
[12]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[J].见:杨永生编.建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998. 112～113
[13]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.112-113
[14]王庭蕙,王明浩.中国园林的拓扑空间[J].建筑学报,1999.60-63
[16]苏龙,金云峰.现代景观形态原型及案例分析[J].规划师,2005(02).99-103
[17]陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(07).15-17
[18]弗里德里希·黑格尔,美学[M].北京:人民日报出版社.2006.125-126
[19]白井彦卫,王维涛.人间佳境,浑若天成——佳境天城外部大景观设计[J].建筑与文化.2007(1)
[24]吴家骅.景观美学比较研究[C].见:景观形态学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.101-103
[25]陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(7).15-17
1.刘滨谊.走进当代景观建筑学[J].时代建筑,1997
2.朱光亚.中国古典园林的拓扑关系[J].建筑学报,1988(1)
3.朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[J].见:杨永生编.建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
4.苏龙,金云峰.现代景观形态原型及案例分析[J].规划师,2005(2)
5.王庭蕙,王明浩.中国园林的拓扑空间[J].建筑学报,1999(11)
6.张振文.现代景观设计中的继承与创新[J].世界建筑,2003(11)
7.徐建华.城市景观格局尺度效应的空间统计规律,地理学报[J]. 2004(6)
8.王一.从几何空间到校园场所[J].时代建筑.2005(3)
9.陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(7)
10.刘晓光,邹广天.景观设计与可拓学方法[J].建筑学报,2004(8)
11.尹安石.景观格局与构成设计[J].现代艺术与设计,2007
12.王一.设计的本质与城市设计的乌托邦定势——关于城市设计性质的哲学思考[J].规划师,2006(1)
13.李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006(6)
14.陈东田.环境形态·行为——城市环境景观形态设计研究,中国园林[J].2006(6)
15.张朝阳.园林中围合空间的组织[J].长沙:林业调查规划.2005(12)88-89
16.白井彦卫,王维涛.人间佳境,浑若天成——佳境天城外部大景观设计[J].建筑与文化.2007(1)
17.刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1999
18.俞孔坚.专业、学科与教育. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
19.易西多.景观设计与创意[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2005
20.龙承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997
21.伏·巴尔佳斯基.拓扑学奇趣[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1999
22.段汉明.城市美学与环境景观设计[M].西安:山西科学技术出版社,2000
23.温迪·普兰.科学与艺术中的结构[M].曹博译.北京:华夏出版社,2003
24.刘蔓.景观艺术设计[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2000
25.西蒙兹.景观设计学[M].俞孔坚译,北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2000
26.朱东风.城市空间发展的拓扑分析-以苏州为例[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007
27.弗里德里希·黑格尔.美学[M].北京:人民日报出版社.2006
28.彭一刚.传统村镇聚落景观分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003
29.戈登·卡伦.城市景观艺术[M].刘杰译.天津:天津大学出版社,1992
30. M.A.Armstrong.基础拓扑学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1983.21—26
31.朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
32.吴家骅.景观美学比较研究[C].见:景观形态学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
33.查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
34. Garvin. A, The American City What Works,What Doesn’t. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.1966
35. Broadbent.G. Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design. Hong Kong: E&FN Spon.1990
36. N Bacon E. Design of Cities London: Thames and Hudson. 1967
37. Luchlnger. A . Structrualism in Architecture and Urban Planning Stuttgart. Karl Kramer Verlag,1981
38. Si~e C City Planning According to Artistic Principles .London:Phaidon,New York:Random House,1965
39. G.Algreen Ussing, L.Bek B Frandsen,J.S. Hansen. Urban Space and Urban Conservation as an Aesthetic. Problem Rome: L. Ermad Bretschneider,2000
40. Jensen.R Cities of version. London :Applied SciencePublishers LTD.1974
41. Trancik.R .Finding Lost Space. NewYork: van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. 1986
42. McGraw-Hill, Saver Standards for landscape Architecture,2 nd Edition, NewYork: Oxford E&FN Spon,1998
43. Turner.T, City as landscape. Oxford E&FN Spon,1996
44. W.R.Whitehand J,Urban morphology.London Croom Halm,1987
45. B.Frandsen,J.S.Hansen,Urban Space and Urban Conservation as an Aesthetic Problem ,GAl green—Using.,L Bek. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider,2000
[2]查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005 ,105
[3] http://www.yangzheng.com.cn/keti/wangluo/2004-2005/shuxue/ouladingli/index.html
[4]《辞海》缩本,680页
[5]拓扑学的由来,来自网络:大科普网
[6]龙承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997.9
[7]刘蔓.景观艺术设计[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2000.23
[8]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.18-19
[9]查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.105
[10]李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006.
[11]李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006.51-54
[12]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[J].见:杨永生编.建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998. 112～113
[13]朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.112-113
[14]王庭蕙,王明浩.中国园林的拓扑空间[J].建筑学报,1999.60-63
[16]苏龙,金云峰.现代景观形态原型及案例分析[J].规划师,2005(02).99-103
[17]陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(07).15-17
[18]弗里德里希·黑格尔,美学[M].北京:人民日报出版社.2006.125-126
[19]白井彦卫,王维涛.人间佳境,浑若天成——佳境天城外部大景观设计[J].建筑与文化.2007(1)
[24]吴家骅.景观美学比较研究[C].见:景观形态学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.101-103
[25]陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(7).15-17
1.刘滨谊.走进当代景观建筑学[J].时代建筑,1997
2.朱光亚.中国古典园林的拓扑关系[J].建筑学报,1988(1)
3.朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[J].见:杨永生编.建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
4.苏龙,金云峰.现代景观形态原型及案例分析[J].规划师,2005(2)
5.王庭蕙,王明浩.中国园林的拓扑空间[J].建筑学报,1999(11)
6.张振文.现代景观设计中的继承与创新[J].世界建筑,2003(11)
7.徐建华.城市景观格局尺度效应的空间统计规律,地理学报[J]. 2004(6)
8.王一.从几何空间到校园场所[J].时代建筑.2005(3)
9.陈烨.试析城市景观的概念及其本质[J].新建筑.2004(7)
10.刘晓光,邹广天.景观设计与可拓学方法[J].建筑学报,2004(8)
11.尹安石.景观格局与构成设计[J].现代艺术与设计,2007
12.王一.设计的本质与城市设计的乌托邦定势——关于城市设计性质的哲学思考[J].规划师,2006(1)
13.李滨泉,李桂文.建筑形态的拓扑同胚演化[J].建筑学报.2006(6)
14.陈东田.环境形态·行为——城市环境景观形态设计研究,中国园林[J].2006(6)
15.张朝阳.园林中围合空间的组织[J].长沙:林业调查规划.2005(12)88-89
16.白井彦卫,王维涛.人间佳境,浑若天成——佳境天城外部大景观设计[J].建筑与文化.2007(1)
17.刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1999
18.俞孔坚.专业、学科与教育. [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
19.易西多.景观设计与创意[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2005
20.龙承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997
21.伏·巴尔佳斯基.拓扑学奇趣[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1999
22.段汉明.城市美学与环境景观设计[M].西安:山西科学技术出版社,2000
23.温迪·普兰.科学与艺术中的结构[M].曹博译.北京:华夏出版社,2003
24.刘蔓.景观艺术设计[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2000
25.西蒙兹.景观设计学[M].俞孔坚译,北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2000
26.朱东风.城市空间发展的拓扑分析-以苏州为例[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007
27.弗里德里希·黑格尔.美学[M].北京:人民日报出版社.2006
28.彭一刚.传统村镇聚落景观分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003
29.戈登·卡伦.城市景观艺术[M].刘杰译.天津:天津大学出版社,1992
30. M.A.Armstrong.基础拓扑学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1983.21—26
31.朱光亚.拓扑同构与中国园林[C].见:建筑百家言.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
32.吴家骅.景观美学比较研究[C].见:景观形态学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
33.查尔斯·詹克斯[美],卡尔·克罗普夫.当代建筑的理论和宣言[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
34. Garvin. A, The American City What Works,What Doesn’t. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.1966
35. Broadbent.G. Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design. Hong Kong: E&FN Spon.1990
36. N Bacon E. Design of Cities London: Thames and Hudson. 1967
37. Luchlnger. A . Structrualism in Architecture and Urban Planning Stuttgart. Karl Kramer Verlag,1981
38. Si~e C City Planning According to Artistic Principles .London:Phaidon,New York:Random House,1965
39. G.Algreen Ussing, L.Bek B Frandsen,J.S. Hansen. Urban Space and Urban Conservation as an Aesthetic. Problem Rome: L. Ermad Bretschneider,2000
40. Jensen.R Cities of version. London :Applied SciencePublishers LTD.1974
41. Trancik.R .Finding Lost Space. NewYork: van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. 1986
42. McGraw-Hill, Saver Standards for landscape Architecture,2 nd Edition, NewYork: Oxford E&FN Spon,1998
43. Turner.T, City as landscape. Oxford E&FN Spon,1996
44. W.R.Whitehand J,Urban morphology.London Croom Halm,1987
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