人工气候控制系统的开发及智能控制算法的研究
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摘要
随着智能控制的快速发展，人们在模糊控制理论探索和实际应用两个方面，都进行了大量研究，并取得了比较好的成果。本文就模糊控制的发展和规则自寻优模糊控制算法进行了深入研究，并以人工气候室为控制对象，进行了仿真研究和实际应用。论文共分七章，在第一、二章介绍了课题的基本情况及其设计方案。在第三章介绍了模糊控制的原理、模糊控制器的特性及其设计方法，着重介绍了模糊控制系统的在线学习和自寻优的方法。仿真结果说明，在人工气候智能控制系统中应用控制规则自寻优模糊算法可以达到比较好的控制效果。第四章主要介绍了以80C196为核心的下位机智能控制器的硬件设计，包括各功能模块的功能介绍和设计。第五章详细介绍了下位机软件的设计原理以及实现方法。第六章介绍了上位机工控机和上下位机通信接口的硬、软件设计，重点在于上、下位机通信方案设计和差错控制方法。在第七章中介绍了人工气候智能控制系统在调试中出现的问题及其处理方法，并着重介绍了系统的一些可靠性技术和设计系统的一些经验。最后论述了本系统的特点，即可靠性高，控制功能强，效果好。
本学位论文的主要工作和研究成果主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．论文详细地介绍了以80C196KC单片机为核心的单片机应用系统的开发，介绍了如A／D模块、D／A模块、通信模块、显示模块、键盘模块、电源模块和I／O扩展电路等功能模块的设计与应用。
2．一台上位机能很好地控制多台下位机，关键技术在于通信接口的可靠性、通信协议的好坏以及差错控制方式。本论文所论述的系统采用RS-422通信接口，差错控制方式采用表决法。
3．为了保证实验的连续性，系统应具有掉电保护功能。本系统采用非易失性芯片作为系统的RAM，即使在掉电的情况下它能保存掉电断点时刻的各参数；当系统恢复掉电后，系统又从原掉电断点时刻继续运行。
4．一个系统的抗干扰性能好的坏直接影响系统的可靠性，本论文详细地介绍了本人在设计此系统时所采取的抗干扰措施和设计系统的经验。
5．本系统算法采用控制规则自寻优模糊算法。本论文介绍了采用此算法的依据和设计过程，并用仿真和实际应用的结果证明它的优点。
6．用Delphi语言设计、开发上位机监控软件，包括界面和数据库。
系统的实际运行结果表明，本系统控制方案合理，工作可靠性较高，控制算法先进，具有自学习功能，跟踪性能好，稳态精度高，超调量小，鲁棒性好，人机界面友好，操作人员操作方便。
With the quick development of intelligent control, much research has been done on theory exploring and practical application of fuzzy control. And many achievements have been got. We do some research on the development of fuzzy control and rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy control algorithm in this thesis. This algorithm has been simulated and practically applied in artificial weather intelligent control system. The thesis consists of five chapters. In chapter one and chapter two, the basic circs of the project and its design scheme are introduced. In chapter three, the theory of fuzzy control and properties of the fuzzy controller and its design approaches are introduced. The emphasis is put on the self-learning on-line method and self-seeking-optimization method of fuzzy control systems. The simulation result shows it can acquire good control effect using rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy control algorithm in artificial weather intelligent control system. In chapter four, this thesis mainly discusses the hardware designs of each function module of the client micro-controller which is based on 80C196KC. Chapter five introduces principles of software design of client controllers and its practical realization. In chapter six, hardware and software design of industrial PC and communication interface are discussed. The focuses are paid to the communication scheme and error control method. Chapter seven introduces some problems and solving method in debugging the artificial weather intelligent control system. And some experiences about the reliability technology in designing system are mainly presented. At last, the conclusion of this control system is expatiated: high reliability, powerful control functions and good control results.
The main work and research results of the thesis includes the following:
1. This thesis detailedly discusses the exploitation of MCU application system based on 80C196KC, the designing method and application of each function module, such as A/D converter, D/A converter, communication module, keyboard module, power module, displaying module and I/O expanding circuit, and so on.
2. Single host computer can successfully control several client controllers. The key technology depends on the reliability of the
communication interface, the property of the communication protocol and the error control method. Our system uses RS-422 communication interface and voting error controlling method.
3. In order to assure the continuity of the experiment, the system should have protective function when power is failed. An NV RAM chip is used as system's RAM. It can reserve the parameters of the system when power failed. When power failing is over, the system starts to operate from that instant again.
4. The anti-jamming capability of the system is directly related to the reliability of the system. This thesis presents, in detail, the anti-jamming measures and some experiences in designing and debugging the system.
5. Control rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy algorithm is used in the system. The theory base and the designing process of the algorithm are proposed in the thesis. The simulation and experimental results verify its advantages.
6. The monitoring software of the host computer is developed by Delphi language, including the interface and database.
The running results indicates that the system has reasonable control scheme, high operating reliability, advanced control algorithm, self-learning capability, good tracking property, high steady accuracy, small overshoot, good robust, friendly man-machine interface and operating convenience.
本学位论文的主要工作和研究成果主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．论文详细地介绍了以80C196KC单片机为核心的单片机应用系统的开发，介绍了如A／D模块、D／A模块、通信模块、显示模块、键盘模块、电源模块和I／O扩展电路等功能模块的设计与应用。
2．一台上位机能很好地控制多台下位机，关键技术在于通信接口的可靠性、通信协议的好坏以及差错控制方式。本论文所论述的系统采用RS-422通信接口，差错控制方式采用表决法。
3．为了保证实验的连续性，系统应具有掉电保护功能。本系统采用非易失性芯片作为系统的RAM，即使在掉电的情况下它能保存掉电断点时刻的各参数；当系统恢复掉电后，系统又从原掉电断点时刻继续运行。
4．一个系统的抗干扰性能好的坏直接影响系统的可靠性，本论文详细地介绍了本人在设计此系统时所采取的抗干扰措施和设计系统的经验。
5．本系统算法采用控制规则自寻优模糊算法。本论文介绍了采用此算法的依据和设计过程，并用仿真和实际应用的结果证明它的优点。
6．用Delphi语言设计、开发上位机监控软件，包括界面和数据库。
系统的实际运行结果表明，本系统控制方案合理，工作可靠性较高，控制算法先进，具有自学习功能，跟踪性能好，稳态精度高，超调量小，鲁棒性好，人机界面友好，操作人员操作方便。
With the quick development of intelligent control, much research has been done on theory exploring and practical application of fuzzy control. And many achievements have been got. We do some research on the development of fuzzy control and rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy control algorithm in this thesis. This algorithm has been simulated and practically applied in artificial weather intelligent control system. The thesis consists of five chapters. In chapter one and chapter two, the basic circs of the project and its design scheme are introduced. In chapter three, the theory of fuzzy control and properties of the fuzzy controller and its design approaches are introduced. The emphasis is put on the self-learning on-line method and self-seeking-optimization method of fuzzy control systems. The simulation result shows it can acquire good control effect using rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy control algorithm in artificial weather intelligent control system. In chapter four, this thesis mainly discusses the hardware designs of each function module of the client micro-controller which is based on 80C196KC. Chapter five introduces principles of software design of client controllers and its practical realization. In chapter six, hardware and software design of industrial PC and communication interface are discussed. The focuses are paid to the communication scheme and error control method. Chapter seven introduces some problems and solving method in debugging the artificial weather intelligent control system. And some experiences about the reliability technology in designing system are mainly presented. At last, the conclusion of this control system is expatiated: high reliability, powerful control functions and good control results.
The main work and research results of the thesis includes the following:
1. This thesis detailedly discusses the exploitation of MCU application system based on 80C196KC, the designing method and application of each function module, such as A/D converter, D/A converter, communication module, keyboard module, power module, displaying module and I/O expanding circuit, and so on.
2. Single host computer can successfully control several client controllers. The key technology depends on the reliability of the
communication interface, the property of the communication protocol and the error control method. Our system uses RS-422 communication interface and voting error controlling method.
3. In order to assure the continuity of the experiment, the system should have protective function when power is failed. An NV RAM chip is used as system's RAM. It can reserve the parameters of the system when power failed. When power failing is over, the system starts to operate from that instant again.
4. The anti-jamming capability of the system is directly related to the reliability of the system. This thesis presents, in detail, the anti-jamming measures and some experiences in designing and debugging the system.
5. Control rule self-seeking-optimization fuzzy algorithm is used in the system. The theory base and the designing process of the algorithm are proposed in the thesis. The simulation and experimental results verify its advantages.
6. The monitoring software of the host computer is developed by Delphi language, including the interface and database.
The running results indicates that the system has reasonable control scheme, high operating reliability, advanced control algorithm, self-learning capability, good tracking property, high steady accuracy, small overshoot, good robust, friendly man-machine interface and operating convenience.
引文
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[3] 张泰山．计算机控制系统．北京：冶金工业出版社，1986
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[6] 刘增良．模糊技术与应用选编(3)．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998．10
[7] 周明德．微型计算机系统原理及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．8
[8] 孙涵芳．王良启．Intel16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998．3
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[11] Kosko B. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall,Inc., 1992
[12] 贾伯年，俞朴．传感器技术．南京：东南大学出版社，1992
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[14] Yang S S, Tseng C S. An Orthogonal Neural Network for function Approximation.IEEE Tran. on System, man ,and Cybernetics, PartB,1996(5):779～785
[15] 王家桢，王俊杰．传感器与变送器．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．8
[16] 黄布毅等．模糊控制技术在家用电器中的应用．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998．1
[17] 吴旭东等．Delphi3.0／4.0多媒体与数据库编程．北京：清华大学出版，1998．10
[18] 戎月莉．计算机模糊控制原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995．4
[19] (美)Allen G.Taylor著、吴言等译．SQL使用指南．北京：电子工业出版社，1996．3
[20] 喻方平，罗薇．MCS-96系列单片机PL/M语言编程及系统的设计与调试．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．5
[21] 应钢，关海，伍能鹏．PLD／GAL可编程逻辑器件原理和应用．北京：中国科学院希望高级电脑技术公司．
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