基于以太网的数控系统数字接口技术研究
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摘要
数控系统的开放式、网络化、数字化的发展趋势,要求数控系统和各执行模块之间采用廉价、开放、稳定的数字接口网络进行连接。以太网是商用网络的事实标准,具有技术成熟、开放性好、兼容性强、成本低的特点,非常有希望成为这种数字接口的标准,但存在大量问题有待解决。本文针对以太网应用于数控系统数字接口进行了深入研究,主要涉及同步性、实时性、可靠性和相关的协议等内容。
本文分析了传统体系结构用于基于以太网的数控系统的困难,分析了基于以太网数控系统体系结构的要求。基于以太网的数控系统的特点,提出了一种基于特征尺度的层次化体系结构。该结构在硬件上基于多处理器可融合可重构,在软件上基于多操作系统,在接口上采用以太网。
本文分析了以太网接口系统的时钟同步问题,针对基于以太网的数控系统中不同层次的需求,提出了基于特征尺度的层次化混合时钟同步的方法。该方法通过锁相环同步硬件时钟,通过巴克码在MAC实现时间戳标记,通过特征精度尺度调整同步周期。并经实验验证了这种方法的有效性。
本文分析了以太网的随机竞争接入机制导致系统的实时性问题。分析了多种接入机制的优缺点。在此基础上提出了包容CSMA/CD的实时性方法,即保持了以太网的完整性,又避免了报文碰撞,提高了系统的实时性。实验验证了所提出方法的可行性。
本文分析了以太网中使用的重发机制在数控系统数字接口中应用存在的困难。针对基于以太网的数控系统的特点,将硬件冗余、软件冗余、时间冗余和前向纠错有机结合起来,提出了一种多层次多机制的可靠性方法,实验验证在不影响实时性的基础上可大大提高通信的可靠性。
本文还针对基于以太网的数控系统的不同的拓扑结构,结合同步性、实时性、可靠性技术,设计了星型网络同步实时通信协议和环型网络同步实时通信协议,并分析了两种协议的优缺点。在前几章研究的基础上,开发了基于以太网的数控系统的原型样机。
The networked, digital and opening tendency of the NC system requires cheaper, more open and stable digital interface network to connect between NC system and all executing module. Ethernet is the factual standards of the commercial network. With its mature technique, good opening, compatibility and low cost, the Ethernet is likely to become the standard of such digital interface. But still there is a great deal of problems to be solved. This dissertation makes deep research on the application of Ethernet in NC system digital interface. The synchronicity, real-time, reliability and relevant protocol are mainly concerned in this paper.
This dissertation analyses the traditional architecture for Ethernet-based NC system difficulties, and analysis of the Ethernet-based NC system architecture requirements. Based on the features of the Ethernet-based NC system, this dissertation puts forward a hiberarchy basing on the characteristics of the level . The hardware of this architecture based on more processor, is of amalgamation and reconstruction, the software is based on muti-operation system, the interface adopts Ethernet.
This dissertation analyses the Ethernet interface system clock synchronization. According to different level requirement of Ethernet-based NC system , this dissertation puts forward a method of mixed clock synchronization basing on the characteristics of the level . It through PLL to get the hardware clock synchronization, through Barker Code to achive timestamp in the MAC layer, through the characteristics of precision-scale adjustment cycle synchronization.And the effectiveness of this method is testified by experiments.
This dissertation analyses the Ethernet random access mechanism leading to the real-time problems. Analysis of Various access mechanisms for the advantages and disadvantages.And puts forward a Real-time guarantee methods of inclusive CSMA/CD, that is to maintain the integrity of the Ethernet, and to avoid a collision, Thus improve the system's real-time. Experimental verification of the proposed method.
Because of the resending mechanism in Ethernet. Ethernet used in NC digital interface have great difficulty. Based on the features of the Ethernet-based NC system, This dissertation combines organically the hardware redundancy, software redundancy, time redundancy and Forward Error Correction, and puts forward a multi-level multi-mechanism reliability guarantee method. The experiment has testified that it can great improve the communication reliability without influencing its real-time capability.
This dissertation basing on the different Topology structure, combination synchronization, real-time capability, and reliability guarantee technology design star protocol, and ring protocol and also analyze the advantage and disadvantage of these two protocol.
Basing on the reseaches made in previous chapter, the dissertation also develops the prototype sample machine of Ethernet-based NC system.
本文分析了传统体系结构用于基于以太网的数控系统的困难,分析了基于以太网数控系统体系结构的要求。基于以太网的数控系统的特点,提出了一种基于特征尺度的层次化体系结构。该结构在硬件上基于多处理器可融合可重构,在软件上基于多操作系统,在接口上采用以太网。
本文分析了以太网接口系统的时钟同步问题,针对基于以太网的数控系统中不同层次的需求,提出了基于特征尺度的层次化混合时钟同步的方法。该方法通过锁相环同步硬件时钟,通过巴克码在MAC实现时间戳标记,通过特征精度尺度调整同步周期。并经实验验证了这种方法的有效性。
本文分析了以太网的随机竞争接入机制导致系统的实时性问题。分析了多种接入机制的优缺点。在此基础上提出了包容CSMA/CD的实时性方法,即保持了以太网的完整性,又避免了报文碰撞,提高了系统的实时性。实验验证了所提出方法的可行性。
本文分析了以太网中使用的重发机制在数控系统数字接口中应用存在的困难。针对基于以太网的数控系统的特点,将硬件冗余、软件冗余、时间冗余和前向纠错有机结合起来,提出了一种多层次多机制的可靠性方法,实验验证在不影响实时性的基础上可大大提高通信的可靠性。
本文还针对基于以太网的数控系统的不同的拓扑结构,结合同步性、实时性、可靠性技术,设计了星型网络同步实时通信协议和环型网络同步实时通信协议,并分析了两种协议的优缺点。在前几章研究的基础上,开发了基于以太网的数控系统的原型样机。
The networked, digital and opening tendency of the NC system requires cheaper, more open and stable digital interface network to connect between NC system and all executing module. Ethernet is the factual standards of the commercial network. With its mature technique, good opening, compatibility and low cost, the Ethernet is likely to become the standard of such digital interface. But still there is a great deal of problems to be solved. This dissertation makes deep research on the application of Ethernet in NC system digital interface. The synchronicity, real-time, reliability and relevant protocol are mainly concerned in this paper.
This dissertation analyses the traditional architecture for Ethernet-based NC system difficulties, and analysis of the Ethernet-based NC system architecture requirements. Based on the features of the Ethernet-based NC system, this dissertation puts forward a hiberarchy basing on the characteristics of the level . The hardware of this architecture based on more processor, is of amalgamation and reconstruction, the software is based on muti-operation system, the interface adopts Ethernet.
This dissertation analyses the Ethernet interface system clock synchronization. According to different level requirement of Ethernet-based NC system , this dissertation puts forward a method of mixed clock synchronization basing on the characteristics of the level . It through PLL to get the hardware clock synchronization, through Barker Code to achive timestamp in the MAC layer, through the characteristics of precision-scale adjustment cycle synchronization.And the effectiveness of this method is testified by experiments.
This dissertation analyses the Ethernet random access mechanism leading to the real-time problems. Analysis of Various access mechanisms for the advantages and disadvantages.And puts forward a Real-time guarantee methods of inclusive CSMA/CD, that is to maintain the integrity of the Ethernet, and to avoid a collision, Thus improve the system's real-time. Experimental verification of the proposed method.
Because of the resending mechanism in Ethernet. Ethernet used in NC digital interface have great difficulty. Based on the features of the Ethernet-based NC system, This dissertation combines organically the hardware redundancy, software redundancy, time redundancy and Forward Error Correction, and puts forward a multi-level multi-mechanism reliability guarantee method. The experiment has testified that it can great improve the communication reliability without influencing its real-time capability.
This dissertation basing on the different Topology structure, combination synchronization, real-time capability, and reliability guarantee technology design star protocol, and ring protocol and also analyze the advantage and disadvantage of these two protocol.
Basing on the reseaches made in previous chapter, the dissertation also develops the prototype sample machine of Ethernet-based NC system.
引文
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