啤酒发酵智能控制系统的研究
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摘要
本文针对我国大部分啤酒生产工艺虽然开始启用一些控制设备，但多数存在控制过程简单，可视性差，生产过程数据不能进行有效地保存和分析，控制精度和灵活性也欠佳，很容易出现质量的问题。为此我们采用了工业控制计算机与可编程序控制器组成分布式计算机控制系统(IPC—PLC DCS)。该系统性能/价格比高、可靠实用、技术先进，完全满足啤酒生产发酵工艺的技术要求，并兼顾了发展的需求。
根据啤酒发酵过程具有大惯性、时滞和非线性等特点，本论文还提出一种基于神经网络的模糊自适应PID控制方案，它一方面利用模糊逻辑的“概念”抽象能力和非线性处理能力，另一方面利用神经网络的自学习能力和任意函数的逼近能力，通过两者的有机结合寻找一个最佳的P、I、D非线性组合控制规律，以实现对未知对象进行在线控制，并具备适应控制环境变化的能力和自学习能力等。既能增强系统的鲁棒性和智能性，又能使设计简单，并且易于实现等优点。
此外，还对系统中的上位机和下位机进行了程序设计，使整个系统能够投入到实际运行中。
Aiming at the controlling to production of beer with usual equipment in many beer factories of our country, there're many disadvantages in such production process The data of product can't be protected and analyses, controlling accuracy and mobility can't satisfy and easily produce the problem of the qualityc It adopts IPC - PLC distributed control system, the function of the system is very higl reliability and practically techniques advancement completely meets the demand of modern production, furthermore, improves the demand of development
The thesis mainly improves BP neural networks fuzzy controlling self-adaptive controlling arithmetic , according to characteristics of inertia and time lag in beer's fermentation process.. First, It applies fuzzy logical in the abstract and non-linear dealing ability; second, it applies neural net in the self-study and any functions approaching ability ?Through combining above two ability, it can find a best P I D non-linear controlling regularity and achieve controlling on line of the unknown subject etCo Therefore, it not only can strengthen robust and intelligence of the system, but also make design simple and easily be requiredo
In addition, the thesis also does many works on procedure of upper-computer and basic-controller and the whole system designed can be put into work immediately
根据啤酒发酵过程具有大惯性、时滞和非线性等特点，本论文还提出一种基于神经网络的模糊自适应PID控制方案，它一方面利用模糊逻辑的“概念”抽象能力和非线性处理能力，另一方面利用神经网络的自学习能力和任意函数的逼近能力，通过两者的有机结合寻找一个最佳的P、I、D非线性组合控制规律，以实现对未知对象进行在线控制，并具备适应控制环境变化的能力和自学习能力等。既能增强系统的鲁棒性和智能性，又能使设计简单，并且易于实现等优点。
此外，还对系统中的上位机和下位机进行了程序设计，使整个系统能够投入到实际运行中。
Aiming at the controlling to production of beer with usual equipment in many beer factories of our country, there're many disadvantages in such production process The data of product can't be protected and analyses, controlling accuracy and mobility can't satisfy and easily produce the problem of the qualityc It adopts IPC - PLC distributed control system, the function of the system is very higl reliability and practically techniques advancement completely meets the demand of modern production, furthermore, improves the demand of development
The thesis mainly improves BP neural networks fuzzy controlling self-adaptive controlling arithmetic , according to characteristics of inertia and time lag in beer's fermentation process.. First, It applies fuzzy logical in the abstract and non-linear dealing ability; second, it applies neural net in the self-study and any functions approaching ability ?Through combining above two ability, it can find a best P I D non-linear controlling regularity and achieve controlling on line of the unknown subject etCo Therefore, it not only can strengthen robust and intelligence of the system, but also make design simple and easily be requiredo
In addition, the thesis also does many works on procedure of upper-computer and basic-controller and the whole system designed can be put into work immediately
引文
[01] Takagi, T. and Sugeno, M.. Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern.,1985.15(1): 116-132
[02] Paul U. Webb, Successful optimizing control systems in process operations, JACC, 1986
[03] Patrikar A, Provence J.A self-organizing fuzzy controller for dynamic process using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference. 1989: 359-364
[04] Iwata T,Macida K,Toda Y, Fuzzy Control using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference. 1989:365-370
[05] Bernard,J.M. CIM in process industries. Instrument Society of America, 1989
[06] Patton, R., Frank, P. and Clark, P. Fault diagnostics in dynamic systems theory and applications. Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. , 1989
[07] James J.Buckley fuzzy 210 controller.Fuzzy sets and systems 43,1991
[08] Wang, L. X.. Fuzzy systems are universal approximators. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. On Fuzzy Systems, Sandiego, 1992: 1163-1170
[09] R. J. Arts. Knowledge - Based Planning of Mashing Profiles, 5th Int. Conference on Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology, Keystone, Colorado, USA. March 29-April 2,1992
[10] Hayashi Y, Buckley J J.Fuzzy neural networks:A survey.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1994,66(1):1-13
[11] MacGregor, J. F. et al.. Process monitoring and diagnosis by multiblock PLS methods. AICHE Journal, 1994.40(5):826-838
[12] Mamzic, C.. Guidelines for the application of statistical process control in the continuous process industries. Measurement and control. 1995.28(3):69-73
[13] OMRON C200HW-SRM21/CQM1-SRM21/SRT1 Series CompoBus/S Operation Manual,1997
[14] Theodore E. Djaferis, Automatic Control: The Power of Feedback Using MATLAB, PWS Publishing Company, 1998
[15] James B. Dabney and Thomas L. Harman, Mastering Simulink 2,Prentice Hall,1998
[16] 韩梦玮，顺序控制技术，北京：国防工业出版社，1987
[17] 李士勇，模糊控制和智能控制理论及应用，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990
[18] 杨长雄，可编程序控制器(PC)基础及应用，重庆：重庆大学出版社，1992
[19] 陈永义，模糊控制技术及应用实例，北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993
[20] 唐明官，啤酒酿造，中国轻工业出版社，1993
[21] 张学群，啤酒工艺控制指标及检测手册，中国轻工业出版社，1993
[22] 郭肪肪，啤酒发酵过程温度的自学习模糊控制，测控技术，1994．5
[23] 杨士元，可编程控制器(PC)编程应用和维修，北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[24] 王树青，发酵过程控制的新进展，化工自动化及仪表，1995．4
[25] 袁惠民，世界啤酒工业现状与对策，中国啤酒通讯，1995．3
[26] 王立新，自适应模糊系统与控制—计与稳定性分析，国防工业出版社，1995
[27] 古钟璧，大滞后生产过程的智能式补偿预测控制，自动化学报，1995．4
[28] 汪培庄，模糊系统理论与模糊计算机，北京：科学出版社，1996
[29] 吴兆智，参数自寻优Fuzzy—PID控制器，电子与自动化，1996．1
[30] 薛定宇，控制系统计算机辅助设计—MATLAB语言及应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[31] 王文甫，啤酒生产工艺，北京：中国轻工业出版社，1997
[32] 韩华，啤酒发酵过程仪表集散控制系统，基础自动化，1998．1
[33] 杨昌琨，可编程序控制器的发展趋势概述，基础自动化，1998．2
[34] 程卫国，MATLAB5.3应用指南，北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[35] 刘天键，PC与PLC串行通信程序设计，工业控制计算机，2001．3
[36] 王伟，串联型模糊神经网络PID控制器的设计，计算机仿真，2002．7
[02] Paul U. Webb, Successful optimizing control systems in process operations, JACC, 1986
[03] Patrikar A, Provence J.A self-organizing fuzzy controller for dynamic process using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference. 1989: 359-364
[04] Iwata T,Macida K,Toda Y, Fuzzy Control using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference. 1989:365-370
[05] Bernard,J.M. CIM in process industries. Instrument Society of America, 1989
[06] Patton, R., Frank, P. and Clark, P. Fault diagnostics in dynamic systems theory and applications. Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. , 1989
[07] James J.Buckley fuzzy 210 controller.Fuzzy sets and systems 43,1991
[08] Wang, L. X.. Fuzzy systems are universal approximators. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. On Fuzzy Systems, Sandiego, 1992: 1163-1170
[09] R. J. Arts. Knowledge - Based Planning of Mashing Profiles, 5th Int. Conference on Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology, Keystone, Colorado, USA. March 29-April 2,1992
[10] Hayashi Y, Buckley J J.Fuzzy neural networks:A survey.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1994,66(1):1-13
[11] MacGregor, J. F. et al.. Process monitoring and diagnosis by multiblock PLS methods. AICHE Journal, 1994.40(5):826-838
[12] Mamzic, C.. Guidelines for the application of statistical process control in the continuous process industries. Measurement and control. 1995.28(3):69-73
[13] OMRON C200HW-SRM21/CQM1-SRM21/SRT1 Series CompoBus/S Operation Manual,1997
[14] Theodore E. Djaferis, Automatic Control: The Power of Feedback Using MATLAB, PWS Publishing Company, 1998
[15] James B. Dabney and Thomas L. Harman, Mastering Simulink 2,Prentice Hall,1998
[16] 韩梦玮，顺序控制技术，北京：国防工业出版社，1987
[17] 李士勇，模糊控制和智能控制理论及应用，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990
[18] 杨长雄，可编程序控制器(PC)基础及应用，重庆：重庆大学出版社，1992
[19] 陈永义，模糊控制技术及应用实例，北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993
[20] 唐明官，啤酒酿造，中国轻工业出版社，1993
[21] 张学群，啤酒工艺控制指标及检测手册，中国轻工业出版社，1993
[22] 郭肪肪，啤酒发酵过程温度的自学习模糊控制，测控技术，1994．5
[23] 杨士元，可编程控制器(PC)编程应用和维修，北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[24] 王树青，发酵过程控制的新进展，化工自动化及仪表，1995．4
[25] 袁惠民，世界啤酒工业现状与对策，中国啤酒通讯，1995．3
[26] 王立新，自适应模糊系统与控制—计与稳定性分析，国防工业出版社，1995
[27] 古钟璧，大滞后生产过程的智能式补偿预测控制，自动化学报，1995．4
[28] 汪培庄，模糊系统理论与模糊计算机，北京：科学出版社，1996
[29] 吴兆智，参数自寻优Fuzzy—PID控制器，电子与自动化，1996．1
[30] 薛定宇，控制系统计算机辅助设计—MATLAB语言及应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[31] 王文甫，啤酒生产工艺，北京：中国轻工业出版社，1997
[32] 韩华，啤酒发酵过程仪表集散控制系统，基础自动化，1998．1
[33] 杨昌琨，可编程序控制器的发展趋势概述，基础自动化，1998．2
[34] 程卫国，MATLAB5.3应用指南，北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[35] 刘天键，PC与PLC串行通信程序设计，工业控制计算机，2001．3
[36] 王伟，串联型模糊神经网络PID控制器的设计，计算机仿真，2002．7