碳系涂层型静电防护瓦楞纸板的研究
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摘要
本文综述了静电的产生和危害,以及防静电包装的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,并着重讨论了碳系防静电涂料的研究与开发,目的在于研究将其涂覆于瓦楞纸板表面制作静电防护瓦楞纸板的工程应用及前景,文章最后探讨了一种防静电包装设计方法。
通过对溶剂型碳系防静电涂料的研究表明,填料配比、填料含量、溶剂含量、偶联剂含量、温度、湿度、涂层厚度、粘度等对涂层导电性能都有重要的影响。当导电石墨、炭黑以4：1配比时,填料含量控制在树脂含量的10%—50%之间,此时可以有效调节涂层表面电阻率在10~2—10~10Ω／cm~2之间变化。其中溶剂的含量最好控制在45%—60%,偶联剂含量为0.4%-1.2%(占导电填料的百分比),粘度控制在100—125mP.s,厚度约为100-120μm之间时,此时涂料粘度适中,制备容易而且导电性能优异。由于涂层随温、湿度变化而变化,因此在进行防静电包装测试及应用场合要考虑到温、湿度的影响。对涂层分散性及附着力、耐磨性的研究表明,随着涂料中填料含量的逐渐增大,涂料的耐磨性和附着力在保持使用性能的前提下均呈现变差的趋势,几乎呈反比关系。偶联剂的加入对涂层的分散性能、附着力、耐磨性有一定的提高。
通过正交试验设计发现,各因素对水性碳系防静电涂料导电性能的影响从大到小顺序是：(1)导电填料含量；(2)分散剂用量；(3)溶剂含量；(4)辅助成膜物含量。当填料含量在5%—45%之间变化时,可以有效调节涂层表面电阻率在10~2—10~10Ω/cm2之间。水性涂层随温度变化的趋势是：温度升高时,涂料的表面电阻率逐渐降低,当达到85℃时开始回升,这与溶剂型涂料变化趋势并不同。随湿度的变化趋势则是逐渐升高的。
最后,基于电子产品的防静电包装原理,探讨了一种防静电包装设计方法。其主要内容是：(1)确定产品静电放电敏感度；(2)评价运输环境条件；(3)依据具体的运输环境和防护等级要求,选择合适的包装材料、包装形式；(4)根据应用场合和保护性能的不同,确定不同的防静电包装组合方式；(5)标示静电敏感符号和专门的警告文字,完成防静电包装设计；(6)试验校核。要切实使防静电包装设计产生实际效果,需要包装和静电防护有机结合起来,将设计过程融入到整个静电放电控制程序之中进行考虑,并力求在满足保护性能的同时降低成本。
In the dissertation, the generation of static and electrostatic hazards, the study and development of anti-static packaging were reviewed. On the base, the research of carbon based anti-static coatings were discussed, in order to probe into its engineering application fields and prospects for anti-static corrugated cardboard. At last, a method of anti-static packaging design was discussed.
The results of the study for the solvent-based anti-static coating showed:the ratio and content of the fillers, solvent content, coupling agent content, temperature, humidity, coating thickness and viscosity were important in the functions. When the ratio of conductive graphite and carbon black is 4:1, the content of the fillers was 10%-50%, the surface resistivity of the coating can effectively adjust between10~2—10~(10)Ω/cm2. The content of solvent best controlled in 45%—60%, the coupling agent content is 0.4%-1.2%, the viscosity is 100-125mP.s, the thickness is about 100-120um. At this point, the coating has a suitable viscosity, excellent electrical conductivity properties and easy for preparation. As the surface resistivity of the coating changes with temperature and humidity, so during the anti-static packaging testing and applications, the effects of temperature and humidity should be concerned. The results of the study for the dispersion, adhesion and abrasion resistance of the coating showed:when the filler content increased, the abrasion resistance and adhesion showed the trend of deterioration, it was almost an inverse relationship. The coupling agent could improve the properties of the coating.
Through orthogonal experimental design found that the order of the influencing factors of Water-based anti-static coating properties is:1)The content of conductive filler; 2)The amount of dispersing agent; 3)Solvent content; 4)Supporting film content. When the content of the fillers was 5%-45%, the surface resistivity of the coating can effectively adjust between102—10~(10)Ω/cm2. When the temperature rises, the surface resistivity of the coating decreased, but it started to rise at 85℃, that's different from the solvent-borne coatings. As the humidity changes, the surface resistivity increased.
Finally, a method of anti-static packaging design based on anti-static packaging theory was discussed. Its main contents are:(1)To determine the sensitivity of electrostatic discharge products; (2)To evaluate environmental conditions of transport; (3)Choose the appropriate packaging materials and packaging forms based on the specific environment and protection level; (4)To determine the different combinations of anti-static packaging based on the application and protection; (5)Mark the electrostatic sensitive warning signs and complete the anti-static packaging; (6)Check the pilot, In order to make the anti-static packaging design have a real effect, we must consider it with electrostatic discharge protection, the design process should be integrated into to the whole electrostatic discharge control procedures for consideration and strive to meet the protection and reduce costs.
通过对溶剂型碳系防静电涂料的研究表明,填料配比、填料含量、溶剂含量、偶联剂含量、温度、湿度、涂层厚度、粘度等对涂层导电性能都有重要的影响。当导电石墨、炭黑以4：1配比时,填料含量控制在树脂含量的10%—50%之间,此时可以有效调节涂层表面电阻率在10~2—10~10Ω／cm~2之间变化。其中溶剂的含量最好控制在45%—60%,偶联剂含量为0.4%-1.2%(占导电填料的百分比),粘度控制在100—125mP.s,厚度约为100-120μm之间时,此时涂料粘度适中,制备容易而且导电性能优异。由于涂层随温、湿度变化而变化,因此在进行防静电包装测试及应用场合要考虑到温、湿度的影响。对涂层分散性及附着力、耐磨性的研究表明,随着涂料中填料含量的逐渐增大,涂料的耐磨性和附着力在保持使用性能的前提下均呈现变差的趋势,几乎呈反比关系。偶联剂的加入对涂层的分散性能、附着力、耐磨性有一定的提高。
通过正交试验设计发现,各因素对水性碳系防静电涂料导电性能的影响从大到小顺序是：(1)导电填料含量；(2)分散剂用量；(3)溶剂含量；(4)辅助成膜物含量。当填料含量在5%—45%之间变化时,可以有效调节涂层表面电阻率在10~2—10~10Ω/cm2之间。水性涂层随温度变化的趋势是：温度升高时,涂料的表面电阻率逐渐降低,当达到85℃时开始回升,这与溶剂型涂料变化趋势并不同。随湿度的变化趋势则是逐渐升高的。
最后,基于电子产品的防静电包装原理,探讨了一种防静电包装设计方法。其主要内容是：(1)确定产品静电放电敏感度；(2)评价运输环境条件；(3)依据具体的运输环境和防护等级要求,选择合适的包装材料、包装形式；(4)根据应用场合和保护性能的不同,确定不同的防静电包装组合方式；(5)标示静电敏感符号和专门的警告文字,完成防静电包装设计；(6)试验校核。要切实使防静电包装设计产生实际效果,需要包装和静电防护有机结合起来,将设计过程融入到整个静电放电控制程序之中进行考虑,并力求在满足保护性能的同时降低成本。
In the dissertation, the generation of static and electrostatic hazards, the study and development of anti-static packaging were reviewed. On the base, the research of carbon based anti-static coatings were discussed, in order to probe into its engineering application fields and prospects for anti-static corrugated cardboard. At last, a method of anti-static packaging design was discussed.
The results of the study for the solvent-based anti-static coating showed:the ratio and content of the fillers, solvent content, coupling agent content, temperature, humidity, coating thickness and viscosity were important in the functions. When the ratio of conductive graphite and carbon black is 4:1, the content of the fillers was 10%-50%, the surface resistivity of the coating can effectively adjust between10~2—10~(10)Ω/cm2. The content of solvent best controlled in 45%—60%, the coupling agent content is 0.4%-1.2%, the viscosity is 100-125mP.s, the thickness is about 100-120um. At this point, the coating has a suitable viscosity, excellent electrical conductivity properties and easy for preparation. As the surface resistivity of the coating changes with temperature and humidity, so during the anti-static packaging testing and applications, the effects of temperature and humidity should be concerned. The results of the study for the dispersion, adhesion and abrasion resistance of the coating showed:when the filler content increased, the abrasion resistance and adhesion showed the trend of deterioration, it was almost an inverse relationship. The coupling agent could improve the properties of the coating.
Through orthogonal experimental design found that the order of the influencing factors of Water-based anti-static coating properties is:1)The content of conductive filler; 2)The amount of dispersing agent; 3)Solvent content; 4)Supporting film content. When the content of the fillers was 5%-45%, the surface resistivity of the coating can effectively adjust between102—10~(10)Ω/cm2. When the temperature rises, the surface resistivity of the coating decreased, but it started to rise at 85℃, that's different from the solvent-borne coatings. As the humidity changes, the surface resistivity increased.
Finally, a method of anti-static packaging design based on anti-static packaging theory was discussed. Its main contents are:(1)To determine the sensitivity of electrostatic discharge products; (2)To evaluate environmental conditions of transport; (3)Choose the appropriate packaging materials and packaging forms based on the specific environment and protection level; (4)To determine the different combinations of anti-static packaging based on the application and protection; (5)Mark the electrostatic sensitive warning signs and complete the anti-static packaging; (6)Check the pilot, In order to make the anti-static packaging design have a real effect, we must consider it with electrostatic discharge protection, the design process should be integrated into to the whole electrostatic discharge control procedures for consideration and strive to meet the protection and reduce costs.
引文
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2.薛昌雄,杨虎林.现代战争环境对包装材料的新要求[J].中国包装工业,2003(8)：34-35
3.陈光武,杨菊花.ESD的危害及防护技术[J].甘肃科技,2004,20(5)：37-38
4.李秀峰,邱扬,丁高.静电放电及其防护设计[J].国外电子测量技术,2006,25(2)：9-12
5.张学金.静电的危害与防静电包装[J].包装工程,1992,13(4)：154-158
6.国防科学技术工业委员会.GJB/Z86-97,防静电包装手册[S],中国电子技术标准化研究所出版
7.韩景平,王渝珠.防静电包装[J].中国包装工业,1997,5(6)：20-22
8.于美杰,王成国,朱波,马婕.碳素纤维静电耗散包装材料及其制备方法[P].中国专利,200810014044.4.2008—07—16
9.纳幕尔杜邦公司.静电消散性热塑性聚合物组合物[P].中国专利,03817125.2.2005-09-14
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