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电力系统远动规约及其相互转换的研究与实现
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摘要
电力工业的发展不断对电网调度自动化提出新的要求,其中包括要求更高的数据共享。然而目前国内对SCADA系统中设备之间的通信还未制定统一的接口标准,通信规约种类繁多,这不仅浪费了大量的软、硬件开发人力,而且给用户的设备选型、运行维护等带来诸多不便,因此通信规约的标准化是研究的一个热点,实现通信规约转换的软件或硬件更是必不可少。随着我国标准化进程的不断推进,主站端的远动通信规约基本上都采用部颁行业标准DL/T634-1997(参考国际标准规约IEC60870-5-101制定),因此规约转换软件或硬件应能将现存多种远动通信规约统一到IEC60870-5-101(简称101规约)。
     规约转换可以通过硬件实现也可以通过软件实现。由于远动通信的速率不高,一般为1200bps或600bps或更低,以后也不会很高,所以软件转换完全可以满足要求。而且与硬件转换相比,软件转换的成本低、使用方便灵活,因此本文开发、调试并运行了规约转换软件从而实现了远动规约的相互转换。
     本文首先介绍了电力系统调度自动化的现状、发展趋势及其对远动通信规约标准化的要求,分析了远动规约转换的功能要求及实现方法。然后深入研究了电力系统中广泛采用的CDT、101等远动通信规约,特别介绍了在电力系统自动化中得到日益广泛应用的CAN总线技术,并前瞻性地开展了101规约的网络传输方式——IEC60870-5-104的研究。在此基础之上,本文完成了整个转换软件的开发调试工作,设计了方便直观的人机界面,实现了CDT(?)101、101(?)104以及CAN(?)101双向转换。最后还说明了转换软件调试过程中遇到的问题及其解决办法,并给出了模拟运行的结果。
     本文所设计的远动规约转换软件可以在需要进行远动规约转换的调度所安装使用。比如某调度所与所辖各变电站按CDT规约进行远动通信,而与其上级调度所的通信规约却为101规约,在这种情况下,使用本软件即可非常方便地实现CDT和101两种规约之间的相互转换。本软件实现了目前应用于电力系统的各种远动规约之间的转换,并且可由用户灵活地选择需要相互转换的规约类型,因而是通用的转换软件,在实际应用中非常方便灵活。本软件还实现了远动的事故追忆功能,可为使用单位的故障分析、质量管理提供可靠依据。
Nowadays, the development of electric power industry presents many new requirements to the dispatching automation system, including more data-share. However, in SCADA system there is not a unique standard of communication among equipments in our country at present. Furthermore, there are many kinds of communication protocols. All these circumstances not only make much manpower wasted in study protocol conversion, but also bring much trouble for consumer to choose equipments etc. So standardization of communication protocols is a hotspot of study, and software or hardware that realizes protocol conversion is absolutely necessary. Along with the advancement of standardization course in our country, the remote control systems almost all adopt international standard protocol -IEC60870-5-101 as the communication protocol. So software or hardware that realizes protocol conversion should unify all the communication protocols to IEEC60870-5-101.
    Software and hardware both can realize protocol conversion. But because the speed of communication is not too high, 1200bps or 600bps or lower, Software may satisfy request well. Furthermore, compared with hardware, Software is cheaper and more convenient. So Software is chosen to realize protocol conversion in this paper.
    In this paper, the author firstly introduces the development of dispatching automation in electric power system and its requirement of standardization of communication protocols, and analyzes the function requirement and realization means of the conversions among remote communication protocols. And then thoroughly studies the remote communication protocols CDT and 101, which are applied widely in electric power system, and specially introduces CAN bus technology, which is applied in electric power system more and more widely, and studies IEC60870-5-104 protocol in foresight, which is the network transmission mode of 101 protocol. On the basis of study, the author finishes programming and debugging the software, and designs convenient and visual interface. And the software can realize both direction conversion of CDT←→101, 101←→104 and CAN←→101. Finally, the author explains problems that met during the course of program debugging and means to solve them, and presents the outcome of simulation run.
    The remote communication protocols conversion software, which is designed in this paper, may be installed and used in control center, which need communication protocols conversion. And the software realizes conversions among almost all the remote communication protocols, which are applied in electric power system at present. And the consumer can freely choose the types of protocols, which should be converted to one another. Thus it is software in common use, which is convenient in practical application. It
    
    
    
    also realizes accident retrospection function of remote control, which offers the consumer reliable basis of fault analysis and quality control.
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