基于CAN总线的箱式变电站综合自动化的研究
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摘要
箱式变电站具有诸多优点:建设周期短,投资见效快,占地面积少,可深入负荷中心,能改善供电质量,与周围环境匹配,有利于美化市容,减少重复性投资等,因此在城乡电网改造中得到了广泛应用。随着社会经济的持续发展,人们对电力供应的安全性、可靠性和连续性要求越来越高,箱式变电站作为电力系统输配电的末端环节其重要性越来越受到人们的关注。为了克服传统箱式变电站系统存在的固有缺点,研究和开发以计算机技术和网络通信技术为基础的箱式变电站综合自动化系统,是非常有必要的一项工作。本文结合XBZ智能箱式变电站的研究和开发,提出了基于CAN总线的箱式变电站综合自动化系统,主要内容如下:
(1)总体介绍箱式变电站的一次方案设计、综合自动化的系统结构、功能以及技术参数分析。
(2)对CAN总线技术进行研究分析,在此基础上制订了自定义应用层的CAN总线通信协议,该协议是综合自动化系统内进行数据通信的基础。
(3)讨论交流采样的工作原理和电量参数测量理论,包括交流采样同步方法,电参数计算公式,有效值开方运算的讨论。
(4)根据箱式变电站综合自动化的要求,对智能测控单元进行了全面的软硬件设计。
(5)讨论OPC技术的应用并设计一个OPC数据访问服务器,OPC数据服务器能使监控软件与智能测控单元数据通信协议无关,使监控主站成为开放软件平台。
调试与测试结果表明本文所研制的系统交流采样达到设计精度要求、CAN总线工作正常,这在一定程度上验证了设计的有效性和正确性。
Prefabricated Substation has following advantages: short construction period , quick investment benefit, , less area requirement, capable of embedding in the load center, and improvement in the power quality, favoring of urban landscape, less repetition investment etc. Hence, it has got extensive application in reform of city and rural area power system. The continuously development of social economy leads higher and higher request in security, reliability and durative of electricity power supply. As the end link of power distribution, the prefabricated substation has attracted more and more attention. To overcome the inherent disadvantages of traditional prefabricated substation automation system , it is necessary to research and develop a new automation system based on computer and communication technologies. In this thesis, a project of XBZ intelligent prefabricated substation was carried out, and a CAN-bus based prefabricated substation automation system was developed. The outlines of the thesis are as follows:
1. The design of main power diagram, structure, function and technical parameter of automation system of prefabricated substation in general are introduced.
2. The research on CAN bus was carried out and based on this, a communication protocol of CAN bus which defined in application layer was put forward, this protocol was the foundation of communication inside the automation system.
3. The working principle of AC sampling and the measure theory of electricity parameter are discussed, including the analysis of synchronous method of AC sampling, calculation formula of electricity parameter that is fitted to Intelligent Measure and Control Unit (IMCU), and the discussion on square root algorithm.
4. According to the requirement of prefabricated substation automation system, the hardware and software design of Intelligent Measure and Control Unit is presented.
5. The application of OPC (OLE for process control) and design of an OPC data accessing server are discussed. This OPC server can make the supervising host computer independent of IMCU’s communication protocol, so that the supervising host computer become an opening software basis.
The debugging and testing result has shown that AC sampling of the IMCU reachs design aim, CAN bus works well, verifying the validity and correctness of the design.
(1)总体介绍箱式变电站的一次方案设计、综合自动化的系统结构、功能以及技术参数分析。
(2)对CAN总线技术进行研究分析,在此基础上制订了自定义应用层的CAN总线通信协议,该协议是综合自动化系统内进行数据通信的基础。
(3)讨论交流采样的工作原理和电量参数测量理论,包括交流采样同步方法,电参数计算公式,有效值开方运算的讨论。
(4)根据箱式变电站综合自动化的要求,对智能测控单元进行了全面的软硬件设计。
(5)讨论OPC技术的应用并设计一个OPC数据访问服务器,OPC数据服务器能使监控软件与智能测控单元数据通信协议无关,使监控主站成为开放软件平台。
调试与测试结果表明本文所研制的系统交流采样达到设计精度要求、CAN总线工作正常,这在一定程度上验证了设计的有效性和正确性。
Prefabricated Substation has following advantages: short construction period , quick investment benefit, , less area requirement, capable of embedding in the load center, and improvement in the power quality, favoring of urban landscape, less repetition investment etc. Hence, it has got extensive application in reform of city and rural area power system. The continuously development of social economy leads higher and higher request in security, reliability and durative of electricity power supply. As the end link of power distribution, the prefabricated substation has attracted more and more attention. To overcome the inherent disadvantages of traditional prefabricated substation automation system , it is necessary to research and develop a new automation system based on computer and communication technologies. In this thesis, a project of XBZ intelligent prefabricated substation was carried out, and a CAN-bus based prefabricated substation automation system was developed. The outlines of the thesis are as follows:
1. The design of main power diagram, structure, function and technical parameter of automation system of prefabricated substation in general are introduced.
2. The research on CAN bus was carried out and based on this, a communication protocol of CAN bus which defined in application layer was put forward, this protocol was the foundation of communication inside the automation system.
3. The working principle of AC sampling and the measure theory of electricity parameter are discussed, including the analysis of synchronous method of AC sampling, calculation formula of electricity parameter that is fitted to Intelligent Measure and Control Unit (IMCU), and the discussion on square root algorithm.
4. According to the requirement of prefabricated substation automation system, the hardware and software design of Intelligent Measure and Control Unit is presented.
5. The application of OPC (OLE for process control) and design of an OPC data accessing server are discussed. This OPC server can make the supervising host computer independent of IMCU’s communication protocol, so that the supervising host computer become an opening software basis.
The debugging and testing result has shown that AC sampling of the IMCU reachs design aim, CAN bus works well, verifying the validity and correctness of the design.
引文
[1] 朱大新. 变电站综合自动化与无人值班[J],电力系统自动化,1994,18(11):5-9
[2] 陈堂,赵祖康等. 配电系统及其自动化技术[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2003
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[5] 陶晓农. 分散式变电站监控系统中的通信技术方案[J],电力系统自动化,1998,22(4):51-54
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[7] 王明俊. 发展中的配电自动化[J],电力自动化设备,1999,19(3):1-4
[8] 阳宪惠. 现场总线技术及其应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[9] 邬宽明. CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计[M] . 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[10] CAN Specification V2.0. BOSCH,1997
[11] Dr.-Ing.K.Etschberger. CAN Higher Layer Protocol. Berlin Proc. 4-th Internet CAN Conference,1997
[12] SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller Product specification. Philips Semiconductors,2000
[13] 王士政. 电网调度自动化与配网自动化技术[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
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[16] 黄纯,何怡刚等. 交流采样同步方法的分析与改进[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):
[17] 黄纯,彭建春等. 周期电气信号测量中软件同步采样方法的研究[J]. 电工技术学报,2004,19(1):35-40
[18] 刘凤新,徐晓明. 电力参数非同步采样误差分析[J]. 电测与仪表,2003,40(454):9-11
[19] 谢小荣,韩英择. 电力系统频率测量综述[J]. 电力系统自动化,1999,23(3):54-58
[20] 周大敏. 电量变送器中开方算法的研究[J]. 继电器,1996(3):30-34
[21] 杨鹏,史旺旺. 电力系统微机保护中开平方浮点算法的改进[J]. 电力自动化设备,2000,20(1):7-8
[22] 曹海鸥. 变电站自动化系统中通信管理及监控保护相关技术的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]. 南京:东南大学电气工程系,2004
[23] 孙涵芳. Intel 16 位单片机[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995
[24] 8XC196KC Commercial/Express CHMOS Microcontroller. Intel,1994
[25] GAL16V8 High Performance E2CMOS PLD Generic Array Logic. Lattice Semiconductor Corporation,2001
[26] 张有志. 可编程逻辑器件(PLD)原理与应用[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[27] 张明君,弭洪涛. 电力系统微机保护[M]. 北京:冶金工业出版社,2002
[28] Max197 Manual. Maxim Integrated Products,1996
[29] 何立民. MCS-51 单片机应用系统设计[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
[30] Data Sheet PCA82C250 CAN controller interface. Philips Semiconductors,2000
[31] MAX232 Dual EIA-232 Driver/Receiver. Texas Instruments,2002
[32] DS1644/DS1644P Nonvolatile Timekeeping RAM. Dallas Semiconductor,1999
[33] 王海猷,贺仁睦. 基于多线程的变电站综合自动化监控主站[J]. 电力系统自动化,1999,23(4):42-44
[34] 唐蕾,刘会平等. 开放式监控系统中 OPC 通信服务器的研究与设计[J]. 电力自动化设备,2003,23(10):53-56
[35] 日本 OPC 协会. OPC 应用程序入门[M]. 郑立译. OPC(中国)促进委员会,2003
[36] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard,Version 2.05A,2002
[37] 顾国昌,李庆军等. 基于组件结构的 OPC 数据访问服务器开发的研究[J],测控技术,2004,23(7):56-58
[38] 向东,王润孝等. OPC 快速开发工具的研究与设计[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(7):50-51
[39] 凌志浩,李京等. 输入输出板卡 OPC 服务器程序的设计[J]. 自动化仪表,2003,24(1):68-70
[40] 潘爱民. COM 组件原理与应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[2] 陈堂,赵祖康等. 配电系统及其自动化技术[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[3] 何家炜. 美式箱变在我国的应用和开发[J]. 电气世界,2000(4):26-27
[4] 袁季修. 变电站综合自动化系统的结构和通信[J],电力系统自动化,1995,19(10):18-21
[5] 陶晓农. 分散式变电站监控系统中的通信技术方案[J],电力系统自动化,1998,22(4):51-54
[6] 李云樵.祖风武,“变电站自动化系统的实现及性能分析[J],中国电力,1999,32 (4):75-77
[7] 王明俊. 发展中的配电自动化[J],电力自动化设备,1999,19(3):1-4
[8] 阳宪惠. 现场总线技术及其应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[9] 邬宽明. CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计[M] . 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[10] CAN Specification V2.0. BOSCH,1997
[11] Dr.-Ing.K.Etschberger. CAN Higher Layer Protocol. Berlin Proc. 4-th Internet CAN Conference,1997
[12] SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller Product specification. Philips Semiconductors,2000
[13] 王士政. 电网调度自动化与配网自动化技术[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[14] 胡虔生,马宏忠. 非正弦周期信号测量同步误差研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2000,20(9):
[15] 马宏忠,胡虔生. 软件实现同步采样的误差分析 [J]. 电工技术学报,1996,11(1):
[16] 黄纯,何怡刚等. 交流采样同步方法的分析与改进[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):
[17] 黄纯,彭建春等. 周期电气信号测量中软件同步采样方法的研究[J]. 电工技术学报,2004,19(1):35-40
[18] 刘凤新,徐晓明. 电力参数非同步采样误差分析[J]. 电测与仪表,2003,40(454):9-11
[19] 谢小荣,韩英择. 电力系统频率测量综述[J]. 电力系统自动化,1999,23(3):54-58
[20] 周大敏. 电量变送器中开方算法的研究[J]. 继电器,1996(3):30-34
[21] 杨鹏,史旺旺. 电力系统微机保护中开平方浮点算法的改进[J]. 电力自动化设备,2000,20(1):7-8
[22] 曹海鸥. 变电站自动化系统中通信管理及监控保护相关技术的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]. 南京:东南大学电气工程系,2004
[23] 孙涵芳. Intel 16 位单片机[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995
[24] 8XC196KC Commercial/Express CHMOS Microcontroller. Intel,1994
[25] GAL16V8 High Performance E2CMOS PLD Generic Array Logic. Lattice Semiconductor Corporation,2001
[26] 张有志. 可编程逻辑器件(PLD)原理与应用[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[27] 张明君,弭洪涛. 电力系统微机保护[M]. 北京:冶金工业出版社,2002
[28] Max197 Manual. Maxim Integrated Products,1996
[29] 何立民. MCS-51 单片机应用系统设计[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
[30] Data Sheet PCA82C250 CAN controller interface. Philips Semiconductors,2000
[31] MAX232 Dual EIA-232 Driver/Receiver. Texas Instruments,2002
[32] DS1644/DS1644P Nonvolatile Timekeeping RAM. Dallas Semiconductor,1999
[33] 王海猷,贺仁睦. 基于多线程的变电站综合自动化监控主站[J]. 电力系统自动化,1999,23(4):42-44
[34] 唐蕾,刘会平等. 开放式监控系统中 OPC 通信服务器的研究与设计[J]. 电力自动化设备,2003,23(10):53-56
[35] 日本 OPC 协会. OPC 应用程序入门[M]. 郑立译. OPC(中国)促进委员会,2003
[36] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard,Version 2.05A,2002
[37] 顾国昌,李庆军等. 基于组件结构的 OPC 数据访问服务器开发的研究[J],测控技术,2004,23(7):56-58
[38] 向东,王润孝等. OPC 快速开发工具的研究与设计[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(7):50-51
[39] 凌志浩,李京等. 输入输出板卡 OPC 服务器程序的设计[J]. 自动化仪表,2003,24(1):68-70
[40] 潘爱民. COM 组件原理与应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999