深海管道铺设及在位稳定性分析
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摘要
我国深水油气开采的作业关键技术和国际发达国家相比有一定差距,在富含油气资源的南海深水区至今尚无独立开采能力。海底管道作为深海油气资源运输的最佳方式,其深海铺设安全、服役稳定性和海洋灾害下的安全性控制是其关键技术瓶颈。
深海油气管道的铺设,服役稳定性,和海洋灾害下的安全性是涉及到管道施工,服役,和极端荷载下安全的三个重要部分,本文的研究和讨论正是围绕这三个环节而展开的。论文从数值、解析和实验的角度,对深海管道铺设提出了完整的分析方法,从数值和实验角度对刚悬链立管服役状态进行了深入研究,并提出了立管动力分析的新方法,对滑坡灾害作用下的稳定性提出了完善的解析分析模型,据此系统地建立了一套深海管道铺设性能,工作稳定性和灾害安全性的分析体系。
首先,本文针对最常用的两种深海铺管方法s型和J型铺管法,分别建立了一套可以考虑水流和海床刚度的影响的数值计算模型。然后,针对J型铺管法,建立了塑性海床上的静力计算模型,从理论角度揭示管道的受力特性。接着,为深入研究铺管过程中和管道长期服役状态下的管土相互作用机理,尤其是循环荷载作用下土体的强度变化,进行了一系列大比尺室内实验和离心机实验,揭示了管土相互作用规律。最后,针对管道受到海底泥石流和滑坡灾害作用的稳定性和安全进行分析,考虑侧向运动时的土体抗力随着管道重度不同而变化,分别提出了两个针对不同管道重度的解析模型。
综上所述,本文在管道铺设,服役稳定性,和灾害安全性方面完成了以下工作：
1.提出了适用于S型和J型铺管法的两种数值计算方法,建立了完善的计算模型。通过计算每个单元水流的作用力考虑水流对管道的影响；通过将海床简化成弹性地基考虑土体与管道的相互作用,采用循环迭代进行求解,极大地提高计算速度,揭示了铺管过程中管道内力,管道埋深及其变化规律。
2.建立了塑性海床上J型管道铺设的解析计算模型,通过分析不同管道部分的受力状态,得到每部分管道的不同力学控制方程,据此提出了一套塑性海床上海洋管道力学性能分析的计算模型方法。定量分析影响海洋管道埋深变化的各个因素是作用,揭示了管道自重,触地段的应力集中现象,动力铺管效应中土体软化,土体的回弹刚度等对管道埋深的影响。
It is a brutal fact that we still have some way to go in exploitation of deepwater oil and gas compared with developed countries. Until today, we are still unable to exploit the abundant oil and gas in deepwater area of South China Sea. In deepwater, pipeline is the most favorable method in transporting crude oil and gas. The laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards are the most critical key technologies.
In this work, pipeline installation is investigated through numerical, analytical and experimental ways, and the pipe stability when exposed to landslide or debris flow is analyzed through analytical models, based on which the computational and theoretical analysis system for pipeline installation and its stability are established. The methods presented in this work are simple and fast, suitable for engineering, compared with traditional FEM method.
The laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards are the three important aspects related to pipeline installation, working behavior, and safety when exposed to extreme loading., which are exactly the focus of this work. Favorable methods for pipeline laying are brought forward based on numerical analysis, analytical analysis and indoor test. Detail investigation on pipeline behavior in service is carried out based on numerical analysis and indoor tests, and a noval way for analysing the dynamic behavior of riser is provided. A noval analytical model for pipeline reaction to submarine landslide is established. Thus, a complete analysis system for invesgating pipeline behavior has been established, which includes all the three vital aspects of the laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards.
First, a new numerical method for S-lay and J-lay is introduced, which can consider the influence of ocean currents and seabed stiffness. Then, an analytical model for J-lay is established to investigate the pipeline behaviors and pipe-soil interaction during installation. A series of centrifuge tests and large-scale tests are conducted to study the dynamic pipe-soil interaction during laying and service, to reveal the variation of soil strength. The safety and stability of the pipeline exposed to landslide or debris flow is analyzed at the end of this work. As the lateral soil resistance to the pipeline differs with pipe weight, two analytical models are established for two different pipe weights.
From the above, the main contributions of this work include:
1. Two numerical methods, as well as the calculation model, for pipeline during S-lay and J-lay are introduced. The influence of the currents on the whole pipeline is considered by aggregating the forces of ocean currents on pipe elements. The pipe-soil interaction is included by simplifying the seabed to a series of springs. Numerical iteration is used to get the final solution, which enables fast calculation. The distributions of internal forces along the pipeline and the variation of pipe embedment are both obtained.
2. A novel analytical method for J-lay on plastic seabed is presented. The controlling equations of different pipeline parts are established according to their individual loading conditions, based on which the model is established. Moreover, a specific solving method for the analytical model is proposed. The contributions of different factors to pipe embedment is quantitatively analyzed to reveal to influence of pipe weight, load concentration at the TDZ, soil softening and elastic rebound of the seabed.
3. The mechanism of dynamic pipe-soil interaction is analyzed through centrifuge tests. The tests have considered the variation of different horizontal movement amplitudes and vertical cyclic loads. Different combinations of horizontal and vertical movements are made to investigate the reaction of the seabed soil. Meanwhile, the variation of soil strength is detailly analyzed according to the change of soil resistance during the dynamic pipe-soil interaction process and the change of moisture content.
4. A large-scale model test is designed and constructed, and a series of tests are carried out to investigate the pipe-soil interaction at the TDZ (touchdown zone). The soil strength, pipe embedment and pore pressure along the pipeline are all detailly analyzed, and the mechanism of pipe-soil interaction is revealed. Moreover, the available pipe-soil interaction models are proved to be unable to predict the real pipe embedment.
5. The vector-form intrinsic finite element method is successfully used in pipeline analysis. Two pipe-soil interaction models are developed:elastic soil model and elasto-plastic soil model. The overall pipeline from water surface to the seabed is modeled to investigate the pipeline behavior during installation and work. It is found that the plastic deformation of the soil has great impact on both pipeline embedment and the internal force. Besides, the compression in pipeline at the start of dynamic cycles is a serious threat to pipeline safety.
6. Two analytical models for pipeline with different unit weights are established to investigate the pipeline behaviors when exposed to submarine landslide or debris flow. The loading conditions of pipeline with different unit weights and the initial stress state can both be considered. Moreover, a specific solving method is designed. It is found that the bending strain is very important in the total strain, and the weak point along the pipeline differs with pipe unit weight.
深海油气管道的铺设,服役稳定性,和海洋灾害下的安全性是涉及到管道施工,服役,和极端荷载下安全的三个重要部分,本文的研究和讨论正是围绕这三个环节而展开的。论文从数值、解析和实验的角度,对深海管道铺设提出了完整的分析方法,从数值和实验角度对刚悬链立管服役状态进行了深入研究,并提出了立管动力分析的新方法,对滑坡灾害作用下的稳定性提出了完善的解析分析模型,据此系统地建立了一套深海管道铺设性能,工作稳定性和灾害安全性的分析体系。
首先,本文针对最常用的两种深海铺管方法s型和J型铺管法,分别建立了一套可以考虑水流和海床刚度的影响的数值计算模型。然后,针对J型铺管法,建立了塑性海床上的静力计算模型,从理论角度揭示管道的受力特性。接着,为深入研究铺管过程中和管道长期服役状态下的管土相互作用机理,尤其是循环荷载作用下土体的强度变化,进行了一系列大比尺室内实验和离心机实验,揭示了管土相互作用规律。最后,针对管道受到海底泥石流和滑坡灾害作用的稳定性和安全进行分析,考虑侧向运动时的土体抗力随着管道重度不同而变化,分别提出了两个针对不同管道重度的解析模型。
综上所述,本文在管道铺设,服役稳定性,和灾害安全性方面完成了以下工作：
1.提出了适用于S型和J型铺管法的两种数值计算方法,建立了完善的计算模型。通过计算每个单元水流的作用力考虑水流对管道的影响；通过将海床简化成弹性地基考虑土体与管道的相互作用,采用循环迭代进行求解,极大地提高计算速度,揭示了铺管过程中管道内力,管道埋深及其变化规律。
2.建立了塑性海床上J型管道铺设的解析计算模型,通过分析不同管道部分的受力状态,得到每部分管道的不同力学控制方程,据此提出了一套塑性海床上海洋管道力学性能分析的计算模型方法。定量分析影响海洋管道埋深变化的各个因素是作用,揭示了管道自重,触地段的应力集中现象,动力铺管效应中土体软化,土体的回弹刚度等对管道埋深的影响。
It is a brutal fact that we still have some way to go in exploitation of deepwater oil and gas compared with developed countries. Until today, we are still unable to exploit the abundant oil and gas in deepwater area of South China Sea. In deepwater, pipeline is the most favorable method in transporting crude oil and gas. The laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards are the most critical key technologies.
In this work, pipeline installation is investigated through numerical, analytical and experimental ways, and the pipe stability when exposed to landslide or debris flow is analyzed through analytical models, based on which the computational and theoretical analysis system for pipeline installation and its stability are established. The methods presented in this work are simple and fast, suitable for engineering, compared with traditional FEM method.
The laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards are the three important aspects related to pipeline installation, working behavior, and safety when exposed to extreme loading., which are exactly the focus of this work. Favorable methods for pipeline laying are brought forward based on numerical analysis, analytical analysis and indoor test. Detail investigation on pipeline behavior in service is carried out based on numerical analysis and indoor tests, and a noval way for analysing the dynamic behavior of riser is provided. A noval analytical model for pipeline reaction to submarine landslide is established. Thus, a complete analysis system for invesgating pipeline behavior has been established, which includes all the three vital aspects of the laying process, in service stability and safety in submarine hazards.
First, a new numerical method for S-lay and J-lay is introduced, which can consider the influence of ocean currents and seabed stiffness. Then, an analytical model for J-lay is established to investigate the pipeline behaviors and pipe-soil interaction during installation. A series of centrifuge tests and large-scale tests are conducted to study the dynamic pipe-soil interaction during laying and service, to reveal the variation of soil strength. The safety and stability of the pipeline exposed to landslide or debris flow is analyzed at the end of this work. As the lateral soil resistance to the pipeline differs with pipe weight, two analytical models are established for two different pipe weights.
From the above, the main contributions of this work include:
1. Two numerical methods, as well as the calculation model, for pipeline during S-lay and J-lay are introduced. The influence of the currents on the whole pipeline is considered by aggregating the forces of ocean currents on pipe elements. The pipe-soil interaction is included by simplifying the seabed to a series of springs. Numerical iteration is used to get the final solution, which enables fast calculation. The distributions of internal forces along the pipeline and the variation of pipe embedment are both obtained.
2. A novel analytical method for J-lay on plastic seabed is presented. The controlling equations of different pipeline parts are established according to their individual loading conditions, based on which the model is established. Moreover, a specific solving method for the analytical model is proposed. The contributions of different factors to pipe embedment is quantitatively analyzed to reveal to influence of pipe weight, load concentration at the TDZ, soil softening and elastic rebound of the seabed.
3. The mechanism of dynamic pipe-soil interaction is analyzed through centrifuge tests. The tests have considered the variation of different horizontal movement amplitudes and vertical cyclic loads. Different combinations of horizontal and vertical movements are made to investigate the reaction of the seabed soil. Meanwhile, the variation of soil strength is detailly analyzed according to the change of soil resistance during the dynamic pipe-soil interaction process and the change of moisture content.
4. A large-scale model test is designed and constructed, and a series of tests are carried out to investigate the pipe-soil interaction at the TDZ (touchdown zone). The soil strength, pipe embedment and pore pressure along the pipeline are all detailly analyzed, and the mechanism of pipe-soil interaction is revealed. Moreover, the available pipe-soil interaction models are proved to be unable to predict the real pipe embedment.
5. The vector-form intrinsic finite element method is successfully used in pipeline analysis. Two pipe-soil interaction models are developed:elastic soil model and elasto-plastic soil model. The overall pipeline from water surface to the seabed is modeled to investigate the pipeline behavior during installation and work. It is found that the plastic deformation of the soil has great impact on both pipeline embedment and the internal force. Besides, the compression in pipeline at the start of dynamic cycles is a serious threat to pipeline safety.
6. Two analytical models for pipeline with different unit weights are established to investigate the pipeline behaviors when exposed to submarine landslide or debris flow. The loading conditions of pipeline with different unit weights and the initial stress state can both be considered. Moreover, a specific solving method is designed. It is found that the bending strain is very important in the total strain, and the weak point along the pipeline differs with pipe unit weight.
引文
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