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后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整研究
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摘要
国际金融危机的发生把经济结构调整提高到各个国家经济发展的重要议程,各国纷纷以此次危机为契机进行经济结构调整。虽然黑龙江省的外贸依存度不高,出口对象主要是俄国且产品主要来自省外,受金融危机的直接影响不大,但随着金融危机的不断深化和蔓延,我省的经济还是间接受到了影响。在国际、国内经济结构调整的大背景下,针对自身的特点制定切实可行的经济结构调整战略,抓住国内外经济发展的机遇是黑龙江省面临的紧迫任务。基于此,本文以产业经济学、宏观经济学、计量经济学、粗糙集理论等为理论基础,依托国家三个转变对后危机时代黑龙江省产业结构、需求结构和要素结构调整目标和策略进行了研究。本文研究的主要内容包括以下六个部分:
     第一部分,后危机时代国内外经济形势与趋势研究。首先,通过对危机产生、蔓延和恶化过程以及后危机时代特征的阐述明确后危机时代已经来临。其次,分析后危机时代世界经济发展的主要特征和我国经济发展的主线。
     第二部分,后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构系统分析。首先,根据经济结构的内涵和国内外经济形势明确后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整的基本框架。其次,根据经济结构构成要素,建立区域经济结构合理性评价的指标体系,确定了3个一级指标和12个二级指标,运用粗糙集理论和未确知模型对黑龙江省经济结构合理性进行了测度和评价。第三,明确后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整的基本原则,并建立了经济结构调整的系统模型。
     第三部分,后危机时代黑龙江省产业结构调整研究。首先,从三次产业结构、三次产业内部结构以及投资、消费和净调出的生产诱发程度角度分析了黑龙江省产业结构的特征。其次,构建了经济增长、能源节约以及碳排放控制三目标下的产业结构优化模型,并确定了黑龙江省产业结构调整的目标。第三,由于数据的限制,在产业结构调整目标的确定过程中对第二产业行业划分不够细致。针对这一问题,以产业发展潜力,产业关联度,产业竞争力,技术进步,低能耗,低碳排放和社会-政策为基准建立了第二产业各部门主导产业选择的指标体系,并运用因子分析法确定了黑龙江省第二产业中应该重点发展的部门。
     第四部分,后危机时代黑龙江省需求结构调整研究。首先,从总需求结构、投资需求结构、消费需求结构三个方面分析了黑龙江省的需求结构特征。其次,论述了需求结构失衡的内在机理,并运用协整分析方法进行检验。第三,分析投资结构、消费结构以及投资消费结构对产业发展和经济增长的作用。第四,明确投资结构、消费结构以及投资消费结构不影响经济增长速度后根据产业结构调整的目标确定需求结构调整的定量目标。
     第五部分,后危机时代黑龙江省要素结构调整研究。首先,明确要素结构合理性的判断标准。其次,通过各要素结构指数来分析劳动要素、资本要素和技术要素对黑龙江省经济发展的作用,并分析生产要素投入结构的内在决定机理。第三,运用数据包络分析方法来分析生产要素行业投向冗余。
     第六部分,后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整的策略。首先分析经济结构的影响因素和各因素的作用程度及作用机理。然后在明确后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整的策略和重点的基础上提出后危机时代黑龙江省经济结构调整的策略。
After the International financial crisis, economic structural adjustment was put on agendaof each country's economic development. Take it as an opportunity, all countries carried outeconomic structural adjustment. With the lower dependence on foreign trade of HeilongjiangProvince, exports mainly targeted at Russia and the products being mainly from outside theprovince, the direct impact of the financial crisis was not that tremendous, but there is stillindirect impact on its economic with the financial crisis deepening and spreading. Under thebackdrop of the international and domestic economic restructuring, for Heilongjiang Province,it’s the urgent task to develop viable economic restructuring strategy according to its owncharacteristics, and seize the domestic and international economic development opportunity.Based on industrial economics, macroeconomics, econometrics, rough set theory, theindustrial structure, demand structure and factor structure adjustment objectives and strategieswere studied, relying on three national changes on the post-crisis era. The main content of thisstudy includes six parts as following:
     The first part mainly studies domestic and international economic situation and trends ofthe post-crisis era. First of all, it defines the coming of post-crisis era by elaboratingoccurrence, spread, and deterioration of the crisis and characteristics of the post-crisis era.Secondly, features of world economic development and the main line of China's economicdevelopment are analyzed in post-crisis era.
     The second part is systematic analysis of economic structure of Heilongjiang Province inthe post-crisis era. Firstly, referring to the connotation of the economic structure andeconomic situation at home and abroad, it constructs the basic framework of economicstructural adjustment of Heilongjiang Province. Secondly, according to elements of theeconomic structure, based on building the reasonable evaluation index system of the regionaleconomic structure, including3level indicators and12secondary indicators, the rationality ofeconomic structure in Heilongjiang Province is measured and evaluated, in use of rough settheory and unascertained model. Thirdly, it set the basic principles of Heilongjiang Province'seconomic structural adjustment in post-crisis era, then establishe a system model of theeconomic structural adjustment.
     The third part is a research on industrial structure adjustment of Heilongjiang Province inpost-crisis era. Firstly, from angles of three industrial structures and their internal structure, aswell as production degree induced by investment, consumption and net production, itanalyzed the characteristics of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province. Secondly, it established an optimization model of the industrial structure, including three objectives,involved economic growth, energy conservation and carbon emission control. What’s more,using the model, the goal of industrial restructuring in Heilongjiang Province was identified.Thirdly, to solve the problem, that the industry classification of the secondary industry in theprocess of industrial restructuring target was not detailed enough because of data limitations,a sector-led industry selection index system is established, with benchmarks of developmentpotential of an industry, industry related degree, industrial competitiveness, technologicalprogress, low-power, low carbon emissions, and social–policy.
     The fourth part studies the demand structure adjustment of Heilongjiang Province inpost-crisis era. Firstly, it analyzes demand structure characteristics of Heilongjiang Provincefrom three aspects including structure of aggregate demand, investment demand structure, andconsumer demand structure. Secondly, it discussed the internal mechanism of the demandstructural imbalance, which is tested by co integration analysis methods. Thirdly, the impactof investment structure, consumption structure and investment consumption structure onindustrial development and economic growth is analyzed. Fourthly, with the definition thatinvestment structure, consumption structure, as well as investment and consumption structurehas little effect on the economic growth rate, it identify quantitative goals of the demand forstructural adjustment according to industrial restructuring objectives
     The fifth part studied elements structure of Heilongjiang Province in post-crisis era.Firstly, the criterion of rationality of element structure was defined. Secondly, it analyzes theimpact of labor element, capital elements and the technical elements on the economicdevelopment of Heilongjiang Province, as well as the internal decision mechanism of theelements structure, through elements structure index. Thirdly, it uses data envelopmentanalysis to analyze the redundancy of elements in all industries.
     The last part is economic restructuring strategies of Heilongjiang Province in post-crisisera. Firstly, it did some analysis on factors of economic structure and their roles played oneconomic structure and mechanism action. Then on the basisof overall strategy and prioritiesanalysis in Heilongjiang Province, strategies are put forward.
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