构建中国现代煤炭物流体系的研究
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摘要
煤炭在我国能源中的主导地位根深蒂固。在北煤南运、西煤东运的格局下，煤炭物流事关整个煤炭产业乃至整个国民经济的发展。回顾我国煤炭物流业的发展现状，仍处于传统物流的发展阶段。运营规模小、数量多、专业化程度低、信息整合能力弱、提供的服务级别低是目前中国煤炭物流的主要特征。针对这些问题本研究在理论研究和实践探索的基础上提出煤炭物流应朝着规模化、专业化、一体化和信息化的现代物流体系来发展。
本研究首先打破传统物流的界限对煤炭物流给出了全新的定义。其后，通过问卷调查法、数学模型法、图形分析法、案例研究法对煤炭物流如何实现“四化”的现代煤炭物流体系分别进行了研究，得出结论如下：
1、本文通过Translog成本函数模型对专业物流公司的规模经济效益进行评估，得出在物流公司中存在明显的规模经济效益。并对煤炭物流公司如何在采购、库存、配送和运输环节获得规模经济效益给出了详细的建议。
2、第三方物流是物流专业化的具体表现形式。通过对第三方物流的定义和发展的理论背景分析，得出在外包形式不断普及的经济环境下，煤炭生产及消费企业应打破之前以自营为主的经营模式，实时的将物流外包到社会上专业的物流公司。同时应辩证的看待第三方物流服务商，提出在与第三方物流开展合作时应慎重选择。采用层次分析法（AHP）对第三方物流供应商选择做出了实证分析。
3、实施内外部资源的整合是企业在竞争日益剧烈的商业环境中获得竞争优势的主要商业模式。本文通过结构方程模型对物流一体化与公司绩效之间的影响进行了实证分析，得出：内部整合与公司服务绩效是成正相关的，而外部整合与公司服务绩效没有直接的影响关系；它通常是通过对内部整合的影响间接促进公司服务绩效的提升。最后就煤炭物流企业如何在企业内外部实施整合给出了自己的见解。
4、对物流信息、物流信息化和企业信息能力进行了定义，并从物流信息平台建设、业务流程信息能力的培养和提升、信息资源管理能力建设三个方面阐述了如何构建煤炭物流企业的信息能力。
The dominant position of coal in China’s energy is deep-rooted. In the pattern ofthe coal from the north to the south, the west to the east, coal logistics related to thedevelopment of the entire coal industry as well as the entire national economy.Recalling the development of China’s coal logistics, the development is still laggingbehind. The small scale operators, low degree of the specialization, the behindhandinformation technology, the low level service are the main feature of the China’s coallogistics. To solve these problems, this study proposed on the basis of theoreticalresearch and practical exploration the coal logistics should be moving in the directionof modern logistics of scale, specialization, integration and information technologydevelopment.
First of all, break the boundaries of traditional logistics, the study gives a newdefinition of coal logistics. Through the questionnaire, the mathematical models,graphical analysis, case studies on coal logistics how to achieve the "fourmodernizations" development path, concluded as follows:
1、This study uses the Translog cost function to evaluate the professional coallogistics company’s scale economies, find out the economies of scale is exist in thelogistics company. And gives a detailed proposal on how coal logistics company inthe business processes to achive the economies of scale.
2、The third-party logistics is the specific forms of the specialized logistics.Through the analysis of the third-party logistics’ theoretical background anddefinition, obtain the results that coal production and consumption enterprises shouldbreak before self-oriented business model, real-time logistics outsourcing to aprofessional logistics company in the community.Proposed that should be dialecticalview to the third-party logistics service suppliers, and be careful to chosen the fitthird-party logistics to cooperation. Finally, an empirical analysis of how to chosenthe third-party logistics by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was done.
3、Integration of internal and external resources is the main business model toachive the competitive position in the increasingly competitive business environment.Empirical analysis of the impact between the integration and the firm performancethrough the structural equation model obtained: internal integration and the serviceperformance is a positive correlation; external integration and the service performance has no direct relationship and the external integration through the internal integrationto indirectly promote the service performance improvement. Gives the views on howcoal logistics enterprises in the implementation of an integrated internal and external.
4、 Defined the logistics information, the informationize of logistics andenterprise information capacity. A detailed description of the constructing of coallogistics information platform, training and upgrading of the informationizing of thebusiness processes, building of the information resources management capacity tobuild informationizing coal logistics enterprises.
本研究首先打破传统物流的界限对煤炭物流给出了全新的定义。其后，通过问卷调查法、数学模型法、图形分析法、案例研究法对煤炭物流如何实现“四化”的现代煤炭物流体系分别进行了研究，得出结论如下：
1、本文通过Translog成本函数模型对专业物流公司的规模经济效益进行评估，得出在物流公司中存在明显的规模经济效益。并对煤炭物流公司如何在采购、库存、配送和运输环节获得规模经济效益给出了详细的建议。
2、第三方物流是物流专业化的具体表现形式。通过对第三方物流的定义和发展的理论背景分析，得出在外包形式不断普及的经济环境下，煤炭生产及消费企业应打破之前以自营为主的经营模式，实时的将物流外包到社会上专业的物流公司。同时应辩证的看待第三方物流服务商，提出在与第三方物流开展合作时应慎重选择。采用层次分析法（AHP）对第三方物流供应商选择做出了实证分析。
3、实施内外部资源的整合是企业在竞争日益剧烈的商业环境中获得竞争优势的主要商业模式。本文通过结构方程模型对物流一体化与公司绩效之间的影响进行了实证分析，得出：内部整合与公司服务绩效是成正相关的，而外部整合与公司服务绩效没有直接的影响关系；它通常是通过对内部整合的影响间接促进公司服务绩效的提升。最后就煤炭物流企业如何在企业内外部实施整合给出了自己的见解。
4、对物流信息、物流信息化和企业信息能力进行了定义，并从物流信息平台建设、业务流程信息能力的培养和提升、信息资源管理能力建设三个方面阐述了如何构建煤炭物流企业的信息能力。
The dominant position of coal in China’s energy is deep-rooted. In the pattern ofthe coal from the north to the south, the west to the east, coal logistics related to thedevelopment of the entire coal industry as well as the entire national economy.Recalling the development of China’s coal logistics, the development is still laggingbehind. The small scale operators, low degree of the specialization, the behindhandinformation technology, the low level service are the main feature of the China’s coallogistics. To solve these problems, this study proposed on the basis of theoreticalresearch and practical exploration the coal logistics should be moving in the directionof modern logistics of scale, specialization, integration and information technologydevelopment.
First of all, break the boundaries of traditional logistics, the study gives a newdefinition of coal logistics. Through the questionnaire, the mathematical models,graphical analysis, case studies on coal logistics how to achieve the "fourmodernizations" development path, concluded as follows:
1、This study uses the Translog cost function to evaluate the professional coallogistics company’s scale economies, find out the economies of scale is exist in thelogistics company. And gives a detailed proposal on how coal logistics company inthe business processes to achive the economies of scale.
2、The third-party logistics is the specific forms of the specialized logistics.Through the analysis of the third-party logistics’ theoretical background anddefinition, obtain the results that coal production and consumption enterprises shouldbreak before self-oriented business model, real-time logistics outsourcing to aprofessional logistics company in the community.Proposed that should be dialecticalview to the third-party logistics service suppliers, and be careful to chosen the fitthird-party logistics to cooperation. Finally, an empirical analysis of how to chosenthe third-party logistics by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was done.
3、Integration of internal and external resources is the main business model toachive the competitive position in the increasingly competitive business environment.Empirical analysis of the impact between the integration and the firm performancethrough the structural equation model obtained: internal integration and the serviceperformance is a positive correlation; external integration and the service performance has no direct relationship and the external integration through the internal integrationto indirectly promote the service performance improvement. Gives the views on howcoal logistics enterprises in the implementation of an integrated internal and external.
4、 Defined the logistics information, the informationize of logistics andenterprise information capacity. A detailed description of the constructing of coallogistics information platform, training and upgrading of the informationizing of thebusiness processes, building of the information resources management capacity tobuild informationizing coal logistics enterprises.
引文
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