语义支持的空间信息服务组合关键技术研究
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摘要
空间信息服务的出现为有效解决海量、多源、分布的空间信息共享和互操作提供了一种新的方案。现实的复杂应用需求和单个空间信息服务所提供的简单功能之间的矛盾迫切需要将多个粒度较小、功能单一的服务有机组合起来，向用户提供新的、功能更强大的增值服务，空间信息服务组合正是在这一背景下出现的一种新技术。空间信息服务自动化、智能化组合已经成为空间信息领域亟待解决的关键问题之一。论文围绕语义支持的空间信息服务组合关键技术展开研究，重点对空间信息服务语义描述模型、基于MDS的空间信息服务自动分类、空间信息服务链模型及其验证和语义支持的空间信息服务自动发现等关键技术进行了深入研究，针对现有理论和方法中存在的问题，建立和提出了适于空间信息服务的相关模型和合理的解决方法。论文的主要研究工作和创新点如下：
1．传统的Web服务描述大多存在语义异构的问题，根据空间信息服务的特点，论文对OWL-S语义描述模型进行扩展，建立了一种空间信息服务语义描述模型。该模型实现了对空间信息服务的功能语义、数据语义、执行语义和质量语义的准确、全面、统一的描述，为后续的空间信息服务发现和组合提供了有力的支持。
2．改变了传统观念中无法对抽象的空间信息服务进行直观表达的思想，提出了基于MDS（多维尺度分析）降维的空间信息服务可视化方法，并设计了抽象的空间信息服务到低维坐标的转换方法。利用空间信息服务降维可视化结果可以有效指导空间信息服务k-Means聚类中初始聚类数和聚类中心的选取，在此基础上，提出了基于MDS的空间信息服务自动分类方法。论文提出的空间信息服务可视化与自动分类方法，一方面，使人们能够对空间信息服务本身以及服务集群的结构特征进行直观的认识；另一方面，解决了人工分类方法效率低、分类标准不统一等问题，并能够辅助服务自动发现时快速有效地定位。
3．由于目前通用的Web服务组合语言不适合地理信息处理业务流程的直观表达，且学习成本高，不适合空间信息领域的用户使用，论文建立了一种基于有向图的空间信息服务链模型，并从模型组成元素、约束条件和控制模式三个方面对其进行了详细定义和设计。针对构建的服务链模型，从模型语法正确性、结构正确性和语义正确性三个方面进行研究，通过对空间信息服务链模型结构的分析，结合图规约规则，研究并设计了空间信息服务链模型的语法、结构和语义验证方法，并给出了模型验证方法的具体算法和实现流程。
4．针对现有的Web服务语义匹配方法中存在的需要外在文本集、Web服务属性信息考虑不全、无法对匹配程度进行定量表达以及区分不明显等问题，提出了空间信息服务的语义匹配方法。该方法综合考虑了空间信息服务的分类、描述、输入、输出和质量等信息，兼容了Exact、PlugIn、Subsume和Disjoint语义关系，且有效融合了语义推理、距离模型和信息量模型。
5．结合空间信息服务的降维聚类和语义匹配方法，提出了语义支持的空间信息服务自动发现算法。通过计算服务请求与已获取各服务簇的相似度判断服务请求的最优匹配簇，有效缩小了服务发现的搜索范围，并利用语义匹配方法计算服务请求与最优匹配簇中包含的候选服务的匹配度，以确定最优匹配服务，提高了服务发现的精度。该算法解决了传统的Web服务自动发现机制在服务查找过程中缺乏语义信息与方法的支持，不能有效地利用从用户和注册中心获得的语义信息以及由于匹配计算复杂、数据量庞大导致服务发现效率低下等问题，有效地提高了空间信息服务发现的速度和精度。
6．基于论文的研究内容，构建了空间信息服务组合实验系统，设计并实现了“地图数据质量检查”典型应用案例。通过系统的构建和运行，验证了论文中设计和提出的模型和算法的正确性和可行性。
The emergence of geospatial information services provides a new solution for implementingeffectively massive, multi-source, distributed geospatial information to share and interoperation.The contradiction between realistic complex applications and simple function provided by singlegeospatial information service need compose effectively different geospatial information service,and provide new and more powerful value-added service. Geospatial information servicecomposition is a new technology. It has been one of the key scientific problems that geospatialinformation services compose automatically and intelligent. This dissertation researched somekey technology on semantic-based geospatial information services composition, which includedgeospatial information services semantic description model, the visualization and classificationof geospatial information services, geospatial information services chain model and modelvalidation, semantic similarity measurement of geospatial information services andsemantic-based automatic discovery. Aimed at the problems of the existing theory and methods,this dissertation proposed new solution fixed to geospatial information services, the mainresearch and innovation are following:
1. The traditional web services description models often have heterogeneous semanticsproblems. This dissertation extended semantic description model of OWL-S according to thefeatures of geospatial information services, and build a new geospatial information semanticdescription model. The proposed model realized accurate, comprehensive and uniformdescription on geospatial information services’ function semantics, data semantics, executionsemantics and QoS semantics.
2. This dissertation proposed MDS-based geospatial information services visualizationmethod, and design transformation method from abstract geospatial information services to lowdimensional coordinate. The result of geospatial information services visualization caneffectively guide the selection of the initial number of clusters and cluster centers in K-meansclustering. On this basis, this dissertation proposed the automatic classification method ofgeospatial information services which is based on services dimensionality reduction visualizationand k-means clustering. On one hand, the proposed methods enable people to intuitiveunderstand geospatial information services and structure of the services cluster. On the otherhand, the methods solved the problem that the existing method can’t automatic access to servicesclassified information.
3. Due to common web services composition language are’t suitable for intuitive expressing geospatial business processes and are difficult to learn for geospatial users, this dissertationbuilded a geospatial information services chain model based on directed graph, and defined themodel elements, constraints and control mode. This dissertation designed the verification methodof model syntax, structure and semantics, and realized the algorithm and implementation processof the verification method.
4. Aimed at these problems that the exsiting web services semantic matchmaking requiredexternal text, can’t quantitative express the similarity and so on, this dissertation proposed thesemantic matchmaking for geospatial information services considering all properties. Theproposed semantic matchmaking method taked into account the information of name, category,description, quality, inputs and output of geospatial information services, integrated the modelbased on semantic reasoning, distance and information content, and is compatible with severalsemantic relation, such as Exact, PlugIn, Subsume and Disjoint.
5. This dissertation proposed semantic-based automatic discovery method, which get themost matching cluster through computing the similarity between the Web Service request andeach clustering center in order to reduce the search range for geospatial information servicediscovery. we sort the matching web service according to the semantic similarity considering allproperties between web service request and each matching geospatial information servicebelongs to the most matching cluster. The most matching geospatial information service of webservice request is the most similar web service. The proposed method solved these problems thattraditional automatic discovery methods are lack in semantics and are inefficient.
6. Geospatial information service composition system was builded in this dissertation,furthermore, designed and implemented the application case which was that map data qualitychecking. The correctness and validity of proposed models and algorithms were provedaccording to the application case.
1．传统的Web服务描述大多存在语义异构的问题，根据空间信息服务的特点，论文对OWL-S语义描述模型进行扩展，建立了一种空间信息服务语义描述模型。该模型实现了对空间信息服务的功能语义、数据语义、执行语义和质量语义的准确、全面、统一的描述，为后续的空间信息服务发现和组合提供了有力的支持。
2．改变了传统观念中无法对抽象的空间信息服务进行直观表达的思想，提出了基于MDS（多维尺度分析）降维的空间信息服务可视化方法，并设计了抽象的空间信息服务到低维坐标的转换方法。利用空间信息服务降维可视化结果可以有效指导空间信息服务k-Means聚类中初始聚类数和聚类中心的选取，在此基础上，提出了基于MDS的空间信息服务自动分类方法。论文提出的空间信息服务可视化与自动分类方法，一方面，使人们能够对空间信息服务本身以及服务集群的结构特征进行直观的认识；另一方面，解决了人工分类方法效率低、分类标准不统一等问题，并能够辅助服务自动发现时快速有效地定位。
3．由于目前通用的Web服务组合语言不适合地理信息处理业务流程的直观表达，且学习成本高，不适合空间信息领域的用户使用，论文建立了一种基于有向图的空间信息服务链模型，并从模型组成元素、约束条件和控制模式三个方面对其进行了详细定义和设计。针对构建的服务链模型，从模型语法正确性、结构正确性和语义正确性三个方面进行研究，通过对空间信息服务链模型结构的分析，结合图规约规则，研究并设计了空间信息服务链模型的语法、结构和语义验证方法，并给出了模型验证方法的具体算法和实现流程。
4．针对现有的Web服务语义匹配方法中存在的需要外在文本集、Web服务属性信息考虑不全、无法对匹配程度进行定量表达以及区分不明显等问题，提出了空间信息服务的语义匹配方法。该方法综合考虑了空间信息服务的分类、描述、输入、输出和质量等信息，兼容了Exact、PlugIn、Subsume和Disjoint语义关系，且有效融合了语义推理、距离模型和信息量模型。
5．结合空间信息服务的降维聚类和语义匹配方法，提出了语义支持的空间信息服务自动发现算法。通过计算服务请求与已获取各服务簇的相似度判断服务请求的最优匹配簇，有效缩小了服务发现的搜索范围，并利用语义匹配方法计算服务请求与最优匹配簇中包含的候选服务的匹配度，以确定最优匹配服务，提高了服务发现的精度。该算法解决了传统的Web服务自动发现机制在服务查找过程中缺乏语义信息与方法的支持，不能有效地利用从用户和注册中心获得的语义信息以及由于匹配计算复杂、数据量庞大导致服务发现效率低下等问题，有效地提高了空间信息服务发现的速度和精度。
6．基于论文的研究内容，构建了空间信息服务组合实验系统，设计并实现了“地图数据质量检查”典型应用案例。通过系统的构建和运行，验证了论文中设计和提出的模型和算法的正确性和可行性。
The emergence of geospatial information services provides a new solution for implementingeffectively massive, multi-source, distributed geospatial information to share and interoperation.The contradiction between realistic complex applications and simple function provided by singlegeospatial information service need compose effectively different geospatial information service,and provide new and more powerful value-added service. Geospatial information servicecomposition is a new technology. It has been one of the key scientific problems that geospatialinformation services compose automatically and intelligent. This dissertation researched somekey technology on semantic-based geospatial information services composition, which includedgeospatial information services semantic description model, the visualization and classificationof geospatial information services, geospatial information services chain model and modelvalidation, semantic similarity measurement of geospatial information services andsemantic-based automatic discovery. Aimed at the problems of the existing theory and methods,this dissertation proposed new solution fixed to geospatial information services, the mainresearch and innovation are following:
1. The traditional web services description models often have heterogeneous semanticsproblems. This dissertation extended semantic description model of OWL-S according to thefeatures of geospatial information services, and build a new geospatial information semanticdescription model. The proposed model realized accurate, comprehensive and uniformdescription on geospatial information services’ function semantics, data semantics, executionsemantics and QoS semantics.
2. This dissertation proposed MDS-based geospatial information services visualizationmethod, and design transformation method from abstract geospatial information services to lowdimensional coordinate. The result of geospatial information services visualization caneffectively guide the selection of the initial number of clusters and cluster centers in K-meansclustering. On this basis, this dissertation proposed the automatic classification method ofgeospatial information services which is based on services dimensionality reduction visualizationand k-means clustering. On one hand, the proposed methods enable people to intuitiveunderstand geospatial information services and structure of the services cluster. On the otherhand, the methods solved the problem that the existing method can’t automatic access to servicesclassified information.
3. Due to common web services composition language are’t suitable for intuitive expressing geospatial business processes and are difficult to learn for geospatial users, this dissertationbuilded a geospatial information services chain model based on directed graph, and defined themodel elements, constraints and control mode. This dissertation designed the verification methodof model syntax, structure and semantics, and realized the algorithm and implementation processof the verification method.
4. Aimed at these problems that the exsiting web services semantic matchmaking requiredexternal text, can’t quantitative express the similarity and so on, this dissertation proposed thesemantic matchmaking for geospatial information services considering all properties. Theproposed semantic matchmaking method taked into account the information of name, category,description, quality, inputs and output of geospatial information services, integrated the modelbased on semantic reasoning, distance and information content, and is compatible with severalsemantic relation, such as Exact, PlugIn, Subsume and Disjoint.
5. This dissertation proposed semantic-based automatic discovery method, which get themost matching cluster through computing the similarity between the Web Service request andeach clustering center in order to reduce the search range for geospatial information servicediscovery. we sort the matching web service according to the semantic similarity considering allproperties between web service request and each matching geospatial information servicebelongs to the most matching cluster. The most matching geospatial information service of webservice request is the most similar web service. The proposed method solved these problems thattraditional automatic discovery methods are lack in semantics and are inefficient.
6. Geospatial information service composition system was builded in this dissertation,furthermore, designed and implemented the application case which was that map data qualitychecking. The correctness and validity of proposed models and algorithms were provedaccording to the application case.
引文
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