自清洁隔热功能涂覆材料的制备及性能
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摘要
本文系统研究自清洁隔热功能建筑涂料的制备技术、性能及基本隔热理论。首先用硅氧烷水解聚合法和乳液聚合法制备了高效疏水性硅酮树脂和有机硅乳液型疏水添加剂，并对制备工艺参数、性能进行了优化。然后，研究了隔热涂层的结构设计方法，探索了应用所开发的高效疏水材料、隔热添加剂制各自清洁隔热功能外墙涂料技术。研究结果如下：
(1)通过调节反应参数，可制得性能优异的疏水性硅酮树脂涂覆材料。最佳反应条件为：水解温度60℃、反应时间60min；水解用水量较少和聚合度较大时树脂涂层的性能较好。在最佳工艺条件下合成的硅树脂涂层，具有优良的透气、透光性、高耐候性。用紫外光加速老化法考察材料的性能，能够较真实地反映出涂覆材料在实际使用过程中的性能变化规律。
(2)用阴、非离子型多种乳化剂复合制备有机硅乳液比单一乳化剂乳化效果具有明显优势。用正交实验确定的最佳聚合反应工艺参数为：水解温度60℃，水解聚合时间3h，乳化剂用量8wt％，复合乳化剂HLB值为15；搅拌速度为4000r／min，滴加速度为1.1g／min。铜、玻璃基涂层的最佳干燥温度分别为200℃和240℃，该温度下涂层形成微观凹凸结构，疏水性高；添加成珠剂能增加涂层表面粗糙度，提高涂层疏水性能。
(3)应用疏水添加剂、改性海泡石、膨胀珍珠岩能够制得自清洁隔热功能涂覆材料；制备的疏水添加剂和经提纯、疏水改性后的海泡石和膨胀珍珠岩，对乳胶涂料的流变性能、稳定性能以及涂膜的疏水性能、对比率和其他常规性能无不良影响。在该材料中疏水添加剂的最佳含量为6％，海泡石最佳含量为6％，膨胀珍珠岩的最佳含量为3％。多方式协同保温隔热，是实现涂层保温隔热性能的最佳、最有效方法。疏水性乳胶涂料涂膜具有很好的疏水性能和透气性能。
本工作研制的涂料具有高效憎水、防污自清洁、隔热功能，可广泛用于建筑墙体及覆盖材料的表面，该涂料不仅能有效保护材料、延长使用寿命、保持表面洁净，还具有较好的隔热节能功能。
The basic heat-insulated theory, preparation technology and properties of the self-cleaning and heat-insulated coating were studied. The silicone and silicone emulsion, hydrophobic additive, were preparaed by the method of hydrolytic polymerization and emulsion polymerization, respectively. The technical factors and properties of the coating were optimized. The design mothod of the heat-insulated coating film was studied. Coating for self-cleaning and heat-insulated was also prepared by using the hydrophobic addtive and heat-insulated addtive. The results show here,
(1) The best reaction condition determined by the change of film properties in life time with UV light irradiation are: the hydrolyzation temperature is 60℃, the reaction time is 60 minutes, the less amount of water is of benefit to increase the hydrophobic property, the film formed with high degree polymer is steady. Synthesized in this condition, the silicone film has best gas-permeability, transmissivity and durability.
(2) The reaction factors optimized by orthogonal tests are: the emulsion polymerization temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction time is 3 hours, the amount of emulsifier is 8wt%, the hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) value of emulsifier is 15, the stirring speed is 4000r/min, the dropping speed is 1.1g/min. By investigating the influence of drying temperature, it was found that the optimum drying temperature is differ from the base material, such as the drying temperature of Cu based film is 200 ℃, that of the glass based and aluminium based film is 240 ℃. Dried at the temperature, the film has surface with convex and concave microstructure, its hydrophobicity and surface roughness can be improved evidently by adding the bead-forming agent.
(3) The self-cleaning and heat-insulated building coating with excellent hydrophobic property and gas-permeability was preparaed by using the hydrophobic additive, modified sepiolite and modified expanded pearlite. These additives have no adverse effect on the properties of the coating, and the optimum contents of them are: hydrophobic additive 6%, sepiolite 6% and expanded pearlite 3%. The best heat-insulated method can be realized with multi-technique heat-insulation.
The self-cleaning and heat-insulated building coating obtained in this paper can be used on
the buildings and covering materials. It not only can protect the material, prolong its lifetime, but also has efficient self-cleaning function and heat-insulation property.
(1)通过调节反应参数，可制得性能优异的疏水性硅酮树脂涂覆材料。最佳反应条件为：水解温度60℃、反应时间60min；水解用水量较少和聚合度较大时树脂涂层的性能较好。在最佳工艺条件下合成的硅树脂涂层，具有优良的透气、透光性、高耐候性。用紫外光加速老化法考察材料的性能，能够较真实地反映出涂覆材料在实际使用过程中的性能变化规律。
(2)用阴、非离子型多种乳化剂复合制备有机硅乳液比单一乳化剂乳化效果具有明显优势。用正交实验确定的最佳聚合反应工艺参数为：水解温度60℃，水解聚合时间3h，乳化剂用量8wt％，复合乳化剂HLB值为15；搅拌速度为4000r／min，滴加速度为1.1g／min。铜、玻璃基涂层的最佳干燥温度分别为200℃和240℃，该温度下涂层形成微观凹凸结构，疏水性高；添加成珠剂能增加涂层表面粗糙度，提高涂层疏水性能。
(3)应用疏水添加剂、改性海泡石、膨胀珍珠岩能够制得自清洁隔热功能涂覆材料；制备的疏水添加剂和经提纯、疏水改性后的海泡石和膨胀珍珠岩，对乳胶涂料的流变性能、稳定性能以及涂膜的疏水性能、对比率和其他常规性能无不良影响。在该材料中疏水添加剂的最佳含量为6％，海泡石最佳含量为6％，膨胀珍珠岩的最佳含量为3％。多方式协同保温隔热，是实现涂层保温隔热性能的最佳、最有效方法。疏水性乳胶涂料涂膜具有很好的疏水性能和透气性能。
本工作研制的涂料具有高效憎水、防污自清洁、隔热功能，可广泛用于建筑墙体及覆盖材料的表面，该涂料不仅能有效保护材料、延长使用寿命、保持表面洁净，还具有较好的隔热节能功能。
The basic heat-insulated theory, preparation technology and properties of the self-cleaning and heat-insulated coating were studied. The silicone and silicone emulsion, hydrophobic additive, were preparaed by the method of hydrolytic polymerization and emulsion polymerization, respectively. The technical factors and properties of the coating were optimized. The design mothod of the heat-insulated coating film was studied. Coating for self-cleaning and heat-insulated was also prepared by using the hydrophobic addtive and heat-insulated addtive. The results show here,
(1) The best reaction condition determined by the change of film properties in life time with UV light irradiation are: the hydrolyzation temperature is 60℃, the reaction time is 60 minutes, the less amount of water is of benefit to increase the hydrophobic property, the film formed with high degree polymer is steady. Synthesized in this condition, the silicone film has best gas-permeability, transmissivity and durability.
(2) The reaction factors optimized by orthogonal tests are: the emulsion polymerization temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction time is 3 hours, the amount of emulsifier is 8wt%, the hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) value of emulsifier is 15, the stirring speed is 4000r/min, the dropping speed is 1.1g/min. By investigating the influence of drying temperature, it was found that the optimum drying temperature is differ from the base material, such as the drying temperature of Cu based film is 200 ℃, that of the glass based and aluminium based film is 240 ℃. Dried at the temperature, the film has surface with convex and concave microstructure, its hydrophobicity and surface roughness can be improved evidently by adding the bead-forming agent.
(3) The self-cleaning and heat-insulated building coating with excellent hydrophobic property and gas-permeability was preparaed by using the hydrophobic additive, modified sepiolite and modified expanded pearlite. These additives have no adverse effect on the properties of the coating, and the optimum contents of them are: hydrophobic additive 6%, sepiolite 6% and expanded pearlite 3%. The best heat-insulated method can be realized with multi-technique heat-insulation.
The self-cleaning and heat-insulated building coating obtained in this paper can be used on
the buildings and covering materials. It not only can protect the material, prolong its lifetime, but also has efficient self-cleaning function and heat-insulation property.
引文
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