松华坝水源保护区农业种植模式与面源污染控制研究
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摘要
本文通过研究松华坝水源保护区内几种种植模式下(包括传统种植大田、大棚花卉、河滩地等)土壤污染物等各项物理化学性质的变化情况,同时对土壤渗滤水污染物含量变化情况进行跟踪以及对施肥情况进行调查整理,从而揭示水源保护区内农业面源污染的产生、迁移和转化机理,研究结果表明:
(1)不同种植模式下土壤污染物主要积累在耕作层,耕作层以下(下渗量)污染物含量水平无明显差别。
(2)地下水淘洗可能是土壤污染物流失的重要途径。地下水浸泡耕作层,可能导致地下水严重污染。
(3)大棚花卉种植土壤污染物含量显著高于传统种植方式,而且氮和有机质的比例高,氮易流失。
(4)水源区高污染胁迫种植模式宜转移至地势较高,地下水不会进入耕作层的区域。
(5)种植模式轮作能够改良土壤养分比例,减少污染物流失。
A survey of 3 land using types which include bottomland, wheat/vegetables rotation field, growing flowers field under greenhouse within the Songhua reservoir basin (Kunming, China) was undertaken to determine soil pollutants and other changes in physical and chemical properties,investigating pollutants content in soil percolating water and fertilizer rate,in order to reveal the generation, migration and transformation mechanisms of agricultural non-point source pollution in Songhua reservoir basin.
The results showed:?Soil pollutants in different land using types mainly accumulated in the plow layer, and it has no significant difference in the following tillage layer.
It may be an important way to make the pollutants loss by underground water washing.Water immersion plow layer, may cause serious pollution of groundwater.
Comparing with traditional cultivation, the soil pollutants in growing flowers field under greenhouse were significantly higher,? and a high proportion of nitrogen and organic matter was made, nitrogen lost very easy.
Cropping pattern with high pollutants loss can not plant at higher land where underground water will not enter the plow layer.
Cropping rotation can improve the soil nutrients and reduce the loss of pollutants.
(1)不同种植模式下土壤污染物主要积累在耕作层,耕作层以下(下渗量)污染物含量水平无明显差别。
(2)地下水淘洗可能是土壤污染物流失的重要途径。地下水浸泡耕作层,可能导致地下水严重污染。
(3)大棚花卉种植土壤污染物含量显著高于传统种植方式,而且氮和有机质的比例高,氮易流失。
(4)水源区高污染胁迫种植模式宜转移至地势较高,地下水不会进入耕作层的区域。
(5)种植模式轮作能够改良土壤养分比例,减少污染物流失。
A survey of 3 land using types which include bottomland, wheat/vegetables rotation field, growing flowers field under greenhouse within the Songhua reservoir basin (Kunming, China) was undertaken to determine soil pollutants and other changes in physical and chemical properties,investigating pollutants content in soil percolating water and fertilizer rate,in order to reveal the generation, migration and transformation mechanisms of agricultural non-point source pollution in Songhua reservoir basin.
The results showed:?Soil pollutants in different land using types mainly accumulated in the plow layer, and it has no significant difference in the following tillage layer.
It may be an important way to make the pollutants loss by underground water washing.Water immersion plow layer, may cause serious pollution of groundwater.
Comparing with traditional cultivation, the soil pollutants in growing flowers field under greenhouse were significantly higher,? and a high proportion of nitrogen and organic matter was made, nitrogen lost very easy.
Cropping pattern with high pollutants loss can not plant at higher land where underground water will not enter the plow layer.
Cropping rotation can improve the soil nutrients and reduce the loss of pollutants.
引文
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[11]仓恒瑾,许炼峰,李志安.农田氮流失与农业非点源污染.热带地理,2004,24(4):332-336.
[12]仓恒瑾,许炼峰,李志安.农业非点源污染控制中的最佳管理措施及其发展趋势.生态科学,2005,24(2):173-177.
[13]陈利顶,傅伯杰.农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制[J].环境科学,200,21(2):98-100.
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[22]冉江华,黄洁.农业面源污染研究现状及发展趋势.山西农业科学2009,37(3):7-10.
[23]张壮志,孙磊,常维山.水体富营养化中的氮素污染及生物防治技术研究现状[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(6):13-15.
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