厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）的快速启动研究
|
摘要
本试验以脱脂奶粉为基质，补充厌氧微生物生长所需的营养盐和碱度，在中温条件下(35℃)分析了絮凝剂对厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)快速启动的促进作用和ASBR操作模式下生成颗粒污泥的类型。
在实验室规模的试验下，对絮凝剂的种类、投加量和投加方式对厌氧污泥的综合性能影响进行了评价。聚合氯化铝、聚丙烯酰胺和聚季铵盐三种絮凝剂中，聚季铵盐的促进作用较为全面，其合理的投加量为(1.6～3.2)mg／gMLSS。投加方式建议采用隔日投加，分10次投加。
将前述投加聚季铵盐的研究成果应用于小试规模的ASBR快速启动中，反应器采用城市污水厂厌氧消化污泥接种，自污泥接种时起，反应器内颗粒污泥平均粒径在第61天达到0.5mm以上，比空白系统提前了25天。第86天时颗粒污泥平均粒径达到了0.73mm，而空白系统仅达到0.55mm。絮凝剂的投加明显促进了ASBR的快速启动。种泥、有机负荷的提高过程和反应器构型对ASBR的启动有显著影响。
对颗粒污泥的电镜分析结果表明，微量元素的补充、间歇进水和灵活的排水操作能使ASBR内形成以甲烷八叠球菌为主的颗粒污泥。
The effect of coagulant was analyzed on the start-up for the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which was operated at mesophilic conditions(35C) and was fed nonfat dried milk as substrate with minerals and alkalinity. The type of granular sludge formed in this reactor was analyzed in addition.
During the laboratory-scale tests, by comparing the overall effects on anaerobic sludge, the most positive coagulant was selected from the three ones. Based on this fact, for the selected one the most positive amounts and way of feeding were decided by similar ways. As a result, among the three coagulants of poly aluminum chloride(PAC), polyacrylamide(PAM) and polyquantemary amine(PQA), PQA had the most positive effect on the anaerobic sludge. It was recommended that the amount of PQA be 1.6~3.2mg/gMLSS and be fed by 10 times, while the way of feeding be once two days.
On the basis of the conclusion above, a pilot test on the start-up in the ASBR was operated. Since the day the reactor was fed municipal anaerobic digestion sludge, the average diameter of granular sludge in the reactor fed coagulant was above 0.5mm on day 61. Compared with the control system which was operated at the same way except the feeding of coagulant, it shorted the related time 25 days. On day 86, the average diameter of granular sludge in the reactor fed coagulants was 0.73mm, whereas the control one was 0.55mm. Obviously, the feeding of coagulants enhanced the start-up for the ASBR. It
was also noted that the activity of seeding sludge, the process of promoting organic loading rate and the configure of reactor exerted great effects on the start-up for the ASBR.
As was shown in the electron micrograph of granular sludge, Methanosarcina was the predominant colony in the granules. This type of granular sludge have higher COD removal rate than other types when loaded organics of high concentration. The ways of batch feeding and flexible decanting of ASBR and addition of trace elements could give reasons to the formation of this type of granular sludge.
在实验室规模的试验下，对絮凝剂的种类、投加量和投加方式对厌氧污泥的综合性能影响进行了评价。聚合氯化铝、聚丙烯酰胺和聚季铵盐三种絮凝剂中，聚季铵盐的促进作用较为全面，其合理的投加量为(1.6～3.2)mg／gMLSS。投加方式建议采用隔日投加，分10次投加。
将前述投加聚季铵盐的研究成果应用于小试规模的ASBR快速启动中，反应器采用城市污水厂厌氧消化污泥接种，自污泥接种时起，反应器内颗粒污泥平均粒径在第61天达到0.5mm以上，比空白系统提前了25天。第86天时颗粒污泥平均粒径达到了0.73mm，而空白系统仅达到0.55mm。絮凝剂的投加明显促进了ASBR的快速启动。种泥、有机负荷的提高过程和反应器构型对ASBR的启动有显著影响。
对颗粒污泥的电镜分析结果表明，微量元素的补充、间歇进水和灵活的排水操作能使ASBR内形成以甲烷八叠球菌为主的颗粒污泥。
The effect of coagulant was analyzed on the start-up for the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which was operated at mesophilic conditions(35C) and was fed nonfat dried milk as substrate with minerals and alkalinity. The type of granular sludge formed in this reactor was analyzed in addition.
During the laboratory-scale tests, by comparing the overall effects on anaerobic sludge, the most positive coagulant was selected from the three ones. Based on this fact, for the selected one the most positive amounts and way of feeding were decided by similar ways. As a result, among the three coagulants of poly aluminum chloride(PAC), polyacrylamide(PAM) and polyquantemary amine(PQA), PQA had the most positive effect on the anaerobic sludge. It was recommended that the amount of PQA be 1.6~3.2mg/gMLSS and be fed by 10 times, while the way of feeding be once two days.
On the basis of the conclusion above, a pilot test on the start-up in the ASBR was operated. Since the day the reactor was fed municipal anaerobic digestion sludge, the average diameter of granular sludge in the reactor fed coagulant was above 0.5mm on day 61. Compared with the control system which was operated at the same way except the feeding of coagulant, it shorted the related time 25 days. On day 86, the average diameter of granular sludge in the reactor fed coagulants was 0.73mm, whereas the control one was 0.55mm. Obviously, the feeding of coagulants enhanced the start-up for the ASBR. It
was also noted that the activity of seeding sludge, the process of promoting organic loading rate and the configure of reactor exerted great effects on the start-up for the ASBR.
As was shown in the electron micrograph of granular sludge, Methanosarcina was the predominant colony in the granules. This type of granular sludge have higher COD removal rate than other types when loaded organics of high concentration. The ways of batch feeding and flexible decanting of ASBR and addition of trace elements could give reasons to the formation of this type of granular sludge.
引文
[1] R．E．speece．李亚新译．工业废水的厌氧生物技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001
[2] 李亚新，李玉瑛．厌氧生物处理新工艺—厌氧序批式反应器．工业用水与废水，2002，33(1)：4～6
[3] Randall A. Wirtz; Richard R. Dague. Enhancement of granulation and start-up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Wat. Environ. Res,1996, 68(5),883～892,
[4] Shihwu Sung; Richard R. Dague. Fundamental principles of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process. 47th Purdue Industrial waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Ine., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A.
[5] Richard R. Dague; Surya R. Pidaparti. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of swine wastes. 46th Purdue Industrial waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A.
[6] 李亚新；田扬捷．高负荷厌氧新工艺厌氧序批式反应器．中国给水排水，2000，16，(9)：24～26
[7] Shihwu Sung; Richard R. Dague. Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Wat. Environ. Res, 1995,67(3):.294～301
[8] Richard R. Dague; Gouranga C.Banik; Timothy G.Bllis. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of dilute wastewater at psychrophilic temperature. Wat. Environ. Res, 1998,70(2): 155～160
[9] Gouranga C. Banik; Timothy B. Ellis; Richard R. Dague. Structure and methanogenic activity of granules from an ASBR treating dilute wastewater at low temperatures. Wat. Sci Tech, 1997,36(6-7): 149～156
[10] Udeme J. Ndon; Richard R. Dague. Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of low-strength wastewater. Wat. Res, 1997,31(10): 2455～2466
[11] Hur, Joon Moo; Chung, Tai Hak. Digestion of municipal sludge by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Water science and Technology,1994,30(12-1):23～28
[12] Zhang, R.H; Yin, Y.; Sung, S. et al. Anaerobic treatment of swine waste by the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Transactions of the ASAE, 1997,40(3):761～767
[13] Masse, D.I.; Patni, N.K.; Droste, R.L. et.al. Operation strategies for psychrophilic. anaerobic digestion of swine manure slurry in sequencing batch reactors. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1996,23 (6): 1285～1294
[14] H Timur, I Ozturk. Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing batch reactor and gybrid bed filter. Wat. Sci. Tech,1997,36(6-7):501～508
[15] Morris Damon, Sung Shihwa; Dague Richard R. ASBR treatment of beef slaughterhouse wastewater. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference May 5-7 1997 1997 Ann Arbor Science Publ Inc:225～236
[16] Masse D. I, MasseL. Treatment of slaughter-house wastewater in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 42 3 Jul 2000 Can Soc of Agric Eng p 131～137
[17] 李玉瑛．厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)预处理焦化废水的研究．[学位论文]，太原，太原理工大学图书馆，2002
[18] 贺延龄．废水的厌氧生物处理．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998
[19] Morvai L, Mihaltz P,Czako L. Kinetic basis of a new start-up mothod to ensure the rapid granulation of anaerobic sludge. Water Science and Technology, 1991,25 (7): 12～16
[20] 郭晓磊，胡勇有，高孔荣．厌氧颗粒污泥极其形成机理．给水排水，2000，26(1)：33～38
[21] 张希衡等．废水厌氧生物处理工程．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1996．
[22] 申立贤 高浓度有机废水厌氧处理技术 北京：中国环境科学出版社，1991
[23] 赵一章，张立军，唐一，等．高活性厌氧颗粒污泥微生物特性和形成机理的研究．微生物学报．1994，34(1)：45～54
[24] 竺建荣等．颗粒污泥的产甲烷细菌及结构模型初探．微生物学报，1993，．33(4)：304～307
[25] Schmidt J E, Ahring B R. Granular sludge formation in UASB reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996(49): 229
[26] Veiga M C.. Composition and role of extracelluar polymers in methanogenic graules. Apply. Environ. Microbial, 1997, 63(2): 403,
[27] Quarmby J, Forster.. An examination of the structure of UASB granules. Wat. Res, 1995,29(11):2449
[28] 陈坚．厌氧颗粒污泥的形成机制．中国环境科学，1993，13(5)：334
[29] Macleod F.A. Layered structure of bacterial aggregates produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor. Appl. Environ. Microbial, 1996,56(6): 1598
[30] Thaveesri.J. Granulation and sludge bed stability in UASB in relation to surface thermodynamics. Appl. Environ. Microbial, 1995,61(10):3681
[31] Chui H K. et al. Histological analysis of micro structure of UASB Granules. J. Environ. Engng, 1994,120(5-6): 1322
[32] 陈坚，任洪强，堵国成，等．环境生物技术应用与发展 北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001年．
[33] Noyola Adalberto, Moreno Gloria. Granule production from raw waste activated sludge. Water Science and Technology, 1994,30(2):23-28
[34] 刘志杰，陆正离，李静，等．处理啤酒废水的生产性UASB反应器常温下培养颗粒污泥的过程及工艺条件．中国沼气，1994，12(4)：3-7
[35] 左剑恶，王妍春，陈浩，等．EGSB反应器的启动运行研究．给水排水，2001，27(3)：14-17
[36] Grotenhuis J J C.Role of substrate concentration in particle site distribution of methanogenic granular in UASB reactors.Wat.Res, 1991,25 (10):21
[37] 孙剑辉，王海燕．ASBR反应器快速启动的研究．环境工程，2001，19(1)：10～12
[38] Yan Yue-Gen,Tay Joo-Hwa. Characterization of the granulation process during UASB start-up. Water Research, 1997,31,(7): 1573～1580
[39] Sponza D T.Anaerobic granule formation and tetrachloroethylence (TCE) removal in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2001,29 (6-7): 4
[40] 吴力斌．国外厌氧颗粒化研究与应用新动向．轻工环保，1989(4)：37
[41] H Q Yu,J H Tay, Herbert H P Fang. The roles of calcium in sludge granulation during UASB reactor start-up. Wat. Res,2001,35(4): 1052～1060
[42] van Langerak E P A, Lettinga G. Effects of high calcuim concentrations on the development of methanogenic sludge in UASB reactors.Wat.Res, 1998,32(4): 1255
[43] 刘双江．UASB反应器系统中污泥颗粒化研究进展．中国环境科学，1990，10(5)：343
[44] Imai Tsuyoshi,Ukita Masao, Liu Jun, et al. Advanted start up of UASB reactors by adding of water absorbing polymer. Water Science and Technology,1997,36(6-7):25～29
[45] S L Long, J Y Hu, W J Ng, et al. Granulation Enhancement in Anaerobic Sequecing
Batch Reactor Ooeration. Journal of Enviromnental Engineering, 2002,28(4):387～390
[46] 田扬捷．厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)污泥颗粒化及工艺特性研究．[学位论文]，太原，太原理工大学图书馆，2001
[47] M Takashima, R E Speece. Mineral nutrient requirements for high-rate methane fermentation of acetate at low SRT. Reseach Joumal WPCF, 1989(61): 1645～1650.
[48] 吴行之，师绍琪，蒋展鹏，等．有机物厌氧生物降解性研究．给水排水，2000，26(7)：28～31．
[49] 沈东升，徐向阳，冯孝善．厌氧处理含氯酚废水的颗粒污泥形成过程研究．环境科学学报，1997，11(1)：60～67
[50] 成都科学技术大学分析化学教研室．分析化学手册第四分册上册 色谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1984．
[51] 永泽 满，淹泽 章．陈振兴译．高分子水处理剂．北京：化学工业出版社．1985
[52] W J Ng, S L Ong, K Y Tan, et al. Toxicity assays to determine the start-up strategy for an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(anSBR). Water Science and Technology,2002,46(11-12) 343～348
[2] 李亚新，李玉瑛．厌氧生物处理新工艺—厌氧序批式反应器．工业用水与废水，2002，33(1)：4～6
[3] Randall A. Wirtz; Richard R. Dague. Enhancement of granulation and start-up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Wat. Environ. Res,1996, 68(5),883～892,
[4] Shihwu Sung; Richard R. Dague. Fundamental principles of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process. 47th Purdue Industrial waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Ine., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A.
[5] Richard R. Dague; Surya R. Pidaparti. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of swine wastes. 46th Purdue Industrial waste Conference Proceedings, 1992 Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A.
[6] 李亚新；田扬捷．高负荷厌氧新工艺厌氧序批式反应器．中国给水排水，2000，16，(9)：24～26
[7] Shihwu Sung; Richard R. Dague. Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Wat. Environ. Res, 1995,67(3):.294～301
[8] Richard R. Dague; Gouranga C.Banik; Timothy G.Bllis. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of dilute wastewater at psychrophilic temperature. Wat. Environ. Res, 1998,70(2): 155～160
[9] Gouranga C. Banik; Timothy B. Ellis; Richard R. Dague. Structure and methanogenic activity of granules from an ASBR treating dilute wastewater at low temperatures. Wat. Sci Tech, 1997,36(6-7): 149～156
[10] Udeme J. Ndon; Richard R. Dague. Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of low-strength wastewater. Wat. Res, 1997,31(10): 2455～2466
[11] Hur, Joon Moo; Chung, Tai Hak. Digestion of municipal sludge by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Water science and Technology,1994,30(12-1):23～28
[12] Zhang, R.H; Yin, Y.; Sung, S. et al. Anaerobic treatment of swine waste by the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Transactions of the ASAE, 1997,40(3):761～767
[13] Masse, D.I.; Patni, N.K.; Droste, R.L. et.al. Operation strategies for psychrophilic. anaerobic digestion of swine manure slurry in sequencing batch reactors. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1996,23 (6): 1285～1294
[14] H Timur, I Ozturk. Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing batch reactor and gybrid bed filter. Wat. Sci. Tech,1997,36(6-7):501～508
[15] Morris Damon, Sung Shihwa; Dague Richard R. ASBR treatment of beef slaughterhouse wastewater. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference May 5-7 1997 1997 Ann Arbor Science Publ Inc:225～236
[16] Masse D. I, MasseL. Treatment of slaughter-house wastewater in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 42 3 Jul 2000 Can Soc of Agric Eng p 131～137
[17] 李玉瑛．厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)预处理焦化废水的研究．[学位论文]，太原，太原理工大学图书馆，2002
[18] 贺延龄．废水的厌氧生物处理．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998
[19] Morvai L, Mihaltz P,Czako L. Kinetic basis of a new start-up mothod to ensure the rapid granulation of anaerobic sludge. Water Science and Technology, 1991,25 (7): 12～16
[20] 郭晓磊，胡勇有，高孔荣．厌氧颗粒污泥极其形成机理．给水排水，2000，26(1)：33～38
[21] 张希衡等．废水厌氧生物处理工程．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1996．
[22] 申立贤 高浓度有机废水厌氧处理技术 北京：中国环境科学出版社，1991
[23] 赵一章，张立军，唐一，等．高活性厌氧颗粒污泥微生物特性和形成机理的研究．微生物学报．1994，34(1)：45～54
[24] 竺建荣等．颗粒污泥的产甲烷细菌及结构模型初探．微生物学报，1993，．33(4)：304～307
[25] Schmidt J E, Ahring B R. Granular sludge formation in UASB reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996(49): 229
[26] Veiga M C.. Composition and role of extracelluar polymers in methanogenic graules. Apply. Environ. Microbial, 1997, 63(2): 403,
[27] Quarmby J, Forster.. An examination of the structure of UASB granules. Wat. Res, 1995,29(11):2449
[28] 陈坚．厌氧颗粒污泥的形成机制．中国环境科学，1993，13(5)：334
[29] Macleod F.A. Layered structure of bacterial aggregates produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor. Appl. Environ. Microbial, 1996,56(6): 1598
[30] Thaveesri.J. Granulation and sludge bed stability in UASB in relation to surface thermodynamics. Appl. Environ. Microbial, 1995,61(10):3681
[31] Chui H K. et al. Histological analysis of micro structure of UASB Granules. J. Environ. Engng, 1994,120(5-6): 1322
[32] 陈坚，任洪强，堵国成，等．环境生物技术应用与发展 北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001年．
[33] Noyola Adalberto, Moreno Gloria. Granule production from raw waste activated sludge. Water Science and Technology, 1994,30(2):23-28
[34] 刘志杰，陆正离，李静，等．处理啤酒废水的生产性UASB反应器常温下培养颗粒污泥的过程及工艺条件．中国沼气，1994，12(4)：3-7
[35] 左剑恶，王妍春，陈浩，等．EGSB反应器的启动运行研究．给水排水，2001，27(3)：14-17
[36] Grotenhuis J J C.Role of substrate concentration in particle site distribution of methanogenic granular in UASB reactors.Wat.Res, 1991,25 (10):21
[37] 孙剑辉，王海燕．ASBR反应器快速启动的研究．环境工程，2001，19(1)：10～12
[38] Yan Yue-Gen,Tay Joo-Hwa. Characterization of the granulation process during UASB start-up. Water Research, 1997,31,(7): 1573～1580
[39] Sponza D T.Anaerobic granule formation and tetrachloroethylence (TCE) removal in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2001,29 (6-7): 4
[40] 吴力斌．国外厌氧颗粒化研究与应用新动向．轻工环保，1989(4)：37
[41] H Q Yu,J H Tay, Herbert H P Fang. The roles of calcium in sludge granulation during UASB reactor start-up. Wat. Res,2001,35(4): 1052～1060
[42] van Langerak E P A, Lettinga G. Effects of high calcuim concentrations on the development of methanogenic sludge in UASB reactors.Wat.Res, 1998,32(4): 1255
[43] 刘双江．UASB反应器系统中污泥颗粒化研究进展．中国环境科学，1990，10(5)：343
[44] Imai Tsuyoshi,Ukita Masao, Liu Jun, et al. Advanted start up of UASB reactors by adding of water absorbing polymer. Water Science and Technology,1997,36(6-7):25～29
[45] S L Long, J Y Hu, W J Ng, et al. Granulation Enhancement in Anaerobic Sequecing
Batch Reactor Ooeration. Journal of Enviromnental Engineering, 2002,28(4):387～390
[46] 田扬捷．厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)污泥颗粒化及工艺特性研究．[学位论文]，太原，太原理工大学图书馆，2001
[47] M Takashima, R E Speece. Mineral nutrient requirements for high-rate methane fermentation of acetate at low SRT. Reseach Joumal WPCF, 1989(61): 1645～1650.
[48] 吴行之，师绍琪，蒋展鹏，等．有机物厌氧生物降解性研究．给水排水，2000，26(7)：28～31．
[49] 沈东升，徐向阳，冯孝善．厌氧处理含氯酚废水的颗粒污泥形成过程研究．环境科学学报，1997，11(1)：60～67
[50] 成都科学技术大学分析化学教研室．分析化学手册第四分册上册 色谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1984．
[51] 永泽 满，淹泽 章．陈振兴译．高分子水处理剂．北京：化学工业出版社．1985
[52] W J Ng, S L Ong, K Y Tan, et al. Toxicity assays to determine the start-up strategy for an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(anSBR). Water Science and Technology,2002,46(11-12) 343～348