新型厌氧反应器——USSB处理生活污水试验研究
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摘要
城市化的加快导致了城市生活污水产生量的大量增长，由此造成水污染日益严重。厌氧生物处理技术具有能耗低、污泥产量少、运行费用低和可回收能源等优点，在废水处理领域得到了广泛应用。随着一系列高效厌氧反应器的出现，使得在较短的水力停留时间下处理低浓度废水成为可能。因此，利用高效厌氧反应器处理生活污水，将有着较大的研究和实际应用价值。
USSB反应器是根据SMPA理论设计的一种新型厌氧反应器，在国外进行了一定研究，但利用USSB反应器处理生活污水的研究在国内外尚未见报道。因此，本论文利用自行设计制造的小型USSB反应器，探讨了该反应器的启动过程；在启动完成的基础上进行了处理生活污水的试验研究，探讨了不同水力停留时间(HRT)条件下装置的运行特性；并研究了处理过程中基质降解动力学，分段间微生物生长变化和好氧后处理等方面的问题。本论文旨在探索USSB反应器处理低浓度生活污水的可行性，为今后实际开发应用提供依据。
研究获得以下结论：
(1)在中温条件下，以好氧污泥和消化污泥作为USSB反应器的接种污泥，采用葡萄糖自配的中等浓度水样，可以缩短启动时间，在短期内成功实现USSB反应器的启动。
广西大学硕士学位论文
(2) USsB反应器处理生活污水的过程中，HRT的变化对产气量
和COD的去除有较大影响，两者都随HRT的延长而增长较快;对ss
的去除和V队影响较小。USSB反应器基本不能去除生活污水中氨氮和
总磷。
(3)USSB反应器在启动和处理生活污水两个不同阶段的微生物
相存在较大差异。反应器启动完成后，各分段间针对不同的底物所形
成微生物菌群差别较大;而处理生活污水阶段结束后，各分段间的微
生物相变化不大，都以球菌和丝菌为主。
(4)USSB反应器降解生活污水的动力学模型为:5.二S。/(1一
0 .22t)。
(5)USSB厌氧反应器的出水只需短时间(3h)的好氧后处理就
能有效去除生活污水中的Coo、氨氮和总磷，其中出水COO和氨氮含
量均达到7 GB8978一19961类排放标准，TP含量达到GB8978一199611
类排放标准。因此，可以认为USSB厌氧反应器处理生活污水是可行
的，在分散式生活污水的处理中有着较好的应用前景。
The volume of domestic wastewater is greatly increased with rapid urbanization and water pollution becomes more and more serious. Anaerobic treatment processes have many merits such as consuming less energy, producing low sludge and useful energy etc., so it has been used widely to treat wastewater. With a series of high efficiency anaerobic reactors invented, it is possible to treat low concentrate wastewater at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). Therefore, it is of significance research and application value that domestic wastewater is treated by these anaerobic reactors.
The upflow stage sludge bed (USSB) reactor designed on the basis of SMPA is a novel anaerobic reactor. Some research about it has been done at abroad, but there is no research report on the treatment of domestic wastewater by USSB reactor at abroad and home. In this study, a pilot USSB reactor designed and made by us was used to treat domestic wastewater. The start-up of USSB reactor was researched. After the start-up of reactor was finished, the reactor was used to treat domestic wastewater. The operation characteristic at different HRT, kinetics of substrate degradation, microorganism forms from various compartments of reactor and aerobic post-treatment were investigated during domestic wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to discuss the feasibility of domestic wastewater treatment by USSB
reactor and provide some reference with practice application of USSB reactor in the future.
The following conclusions can be drawn through the study:
(1) when the aerobic and digested mixed sludge were used as seed at mesophilic temperature(35+2C), if the glucose medium concentration water was used as cultivating wastewater, it could shorten the period of the start-up of reactor and the start-up of reactor was successfully finished at short time.
(2) During domestic wastewater treatment by USSB reactor, the change of HRT had great effect on the gas production and the COD removal. With the HRT prolonged, they were all increased quickly. The change of HRT had little effect on the SS removal and the VFA. The NH3-N and total phosphorus(TP) of domestic wastewater were not basiclly removed during this process.
(3) Compared with the reactor start-up, the microorganism forms in the reactor had great difference during domestic wastwater treatment. After the start-up of reactor had been finished, the microorganism forms had great change in different compartment of the reactor corresponding to different substance. After domestic wastewater treatment was finished, the microorganism forms had almost no change in different compartment of the reactor and they all made up of spherical and filaceous bacterium.
(4) A correlative kinetic model of domestic wastewater degradation of the reactor was established. It was expressed: S. = So / (1 - 0.22t) .
(5) The COD .. NH3-N and TP could reach high removal efficiency when the anaerobic effluent was treated by an aerobic biological reactor at shot time(3h). The effluent COD NH3-N and TP could meet the Grade I I and II of National Discharge Standards 8978-1996 individually. Therefore, domestic wastewater treatment by USSB anaerobic reactor is feasible. It has wider application on decentralization domestic wastewater treatment.
USSB反应器是根据SMPA理论设计的一种新型厌氧反应器，在国外进行了一定研究，但利用USSB反应器处理生活污水的研究在国内外尚未见报道。因此，本论文利用自行设计制造的小型USSB反应器，探讨了该反应器的启动过程；在启动完成的基础上进行了处理生活污水的试验研究，探讨了不同水力停留时间(HRT)条件下装置的运行特性；并研究了处理过程中基质降解动力学，分段间微生物生长变化和好氧后处理等方面的问题。本论文旨在探索USSB反应器处理低浓度生活污水的可行性，为今后实际开发应用提供依据。
研究获得以下结论：
(1)在中温条件下，以好氧污泥和消化污泥作为USSB反应器的接种污泥，采用葡萄糖自配的中等浓度水样，可以缩短启动时间，在短期内成功实现USSB反应器的启动。
广西大学硕士学位论文
(2) USsB反应器处理生活污水的过程中，HRT的变化对产气量
和COD的去除有较大影响，两者都随HRT的延长而增长较快;对ss
的去除和V队影响较小。USSB反应器基本不能去除生活污水中氨氮和
总磷。
(3)USSB反应器在启动和处理生活污水两个不同阶段的微生物
相存在较大差异。反应器启动完成后，各分段间针对不同的底物所形
成微生物菌群差别较大;而处理生活污水阶段结束后，各分段间的微
生物相变化不大，都以球菌和丝菌为主。
(4)USSB反应器降解生活污水的动力学模型为:5.二S。/(1一
0 .22t)。
(5)USSB厌氧反应器的出水只需短时间(3h)的好氧后处理就
能有效去除生活污水中的Coo、氨氮和总磷，其中出水COO和氨氮含
量均达到7 GB8978一19961类排放标准，TP含量达到GB8978一199611
类排放标准。因此，可以认为USSB厌氧反应器处理生活污水是可行
的，在分散式生活污水的处理中有着较好的应用前景。
The volume of domestic wastewater is greatly increased with rapid urbanization and water pollution becomes more and more serious. Anaerobic treatment processes have many merits such as consuming less energy, producing low sludge and useful energy etc., so it has been used widely to treat wastewater. With a series of high efficiency anaerobic reactors invented, it is possible to treat low concentrate wastewater at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). Therefore, it is of significance research and application value that domestic wastewater is treated by these anaerobic reactors.
The upflow stage sludge bed (USSB) reactor designed on the basis of SMPA is a novel anaerobic reactor. Some research about it has been done at abroad, but there is no research report on the treatment of domestic wastewater by USSB reactor at abroad and home. In this study, a pilot USSB reactor designed and made by us was used to treat domestic wastewater. The start-up of USSB reactor was researched. After the start-up of reactor was finished, the reactor was used to treat domestic wastewater. The operation characteristic at different HRT, kinetics of substrate degradation, microorganism forms from various compartments of reactor and aerobic post-treatment were investigated during domestic wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to discuss the feasibility of domestic wastewater treatment by USSB
reactor and provide some reference with practice application of USSB reactor in the future.
The following conclusions can be drawn through the study:
(1) when the aerobic and digested mixed sludge were used as seed at mesophilic temperature(35+2C), if the glucose medium concentration water was used as cultivating wastewater, it could shorten the period of the start-up of reactor and the start-up of reactor was successfully finished at short time.
(2) During domestic wastewater treatment by USSB reactor, the change of HRT had great effect on the gas production and the COD removal. With the HRT prolonged, they were all increased quickly. The change of HRT had little effect on the SS removal and the VFA. The NH3-N and total phosphorus(TP) of domestic wastewater were not basiclly removed during this process.
(3) Compared with the reactor start-up, the microorganism forms in the reactor had great difference during domestic wastwater treatment. After the start-up of reactor had been finished, the microorganism forms had great change in different compartment of the reactor corresponding to different substance. After domestic wastewater treatment was finished, the microorganism forms had almost no change in different compartment of the reactor and they all made up of spherical and filaceous bacterium.
(4) A correlative kinetic model of domestic wastewater degradation of the reactor was established. It was expressed: S. = So / (1 - 0.22t) .
(5) The COD .. NH3-N and TP could reach high removal efficiency when the anaerobic effluent was treated by an aerobic biological reactor at shot time(3h). The effluent COD NH3-N and TP could meet the Grade I I and II of National Discharge Standards 8978-1996 individually. Therefore, domestic wastewater treatment by USSB anaerobic reactor is feasible. It has wider application on decentralization domestic wastewater treatment.
引文
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