水解蛋白的酶法制备及其螯合物合成的研究
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摘要
铬革屑是制革工业大量产生的工业废料，本文研究了利用酸性蛋白酶3350、碱性蛋白酶2709、中性蛋白酶ASl．398、Protamex、Flavourzyme等水解铬革屑以提取水解蛋白。对前处理方法的选择和影响酶作用的各种影响因素进行了大量试验，得到的工艺条件如下：采用CaO进行前处理，再利用碱性蛋白酶2709和中性蛋白酶ASl．398的协同作用进行酶解，将水解液进行过滤后经过脱铬和浓缩干燥，得到了铬含量为10.1ppm、粗蛋白含量达82.1％的水解蛋白，铬革屑蛋白质的回收率为59％。
以水解蛋白为复合氨基酸来源，对复合氨基酸螯合铜的合成工艺条件进行了初步的探讨。研究了反应pH值、反应温度、反应时间对螯合反应的影响。确定了合适的反应条件为：反应液pH=11，反应温度为常温，反应时间为20min。并用红外光谱法鉴定了产品。
Chrome shaving is one of the wastes generated largely in leather industry. In this thesis, acid protease 3350, alkaline protease 2709, neutral protease AS 1.398, Protamex, Flavourzyme were used to extract protein hydrolysate from chrome shaving. The pre-process method and the factors involved in hydrolysis were discussed on the basis of experiments. The result was obtained as follows: CaO was chose as the pre-process reagent, the combined effect of alkaline protease 2709 and neutral protease AS 1.398 was used to enzymatic hydrolysis. After de-chroming, concentrating and drying, the protein hydrolysate was obtained. The chrome content of the hydrolysate is 10.1 ppm, the crude protein of the hydrolysate is about 82.1%, and the protein recovery of chrome shaving is 59%.
Protein hydrolysate was used to synthesize copper amino acid compound chelate. The effects of pH value, reaction temperature, reaction time on the chelation were investigated. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: pH=ll, ordinary temperature, 20 minutes. The product was testified by IR.
DU Jianqiang (Biochemical engineering) Directed by associate professor ZHANG Xiaoyan
以水解蛋白为复合氨基酸来源，对复合氨基酸螯合铜的合成工艺条件进行了初步的探讨。研究了反应pH值、反应温度、反应时间对螯合反应的影响。确定了合适的反应条件为：反应液pH=11，反应温度为常温，反应时间为20min。并用红外光谱法鉴定了产品。
Chrome shaving is one of the wastes generated largely in leather industry. In this thesis, acid protease 3350, alkaline protease 2709, neutral protease AS 1.398, Protamex, Flavourzyme were used to extract protein hydrolysate from chrome shaving. The pre-process method and the factors involved in hydrolysis were discussed on the basis of experiments. The result was obtained as follows: CaO was chose as the pre-process reagent, the combined effect of alkaline protease 2709 and neutral protease AS 1.398 was used to enzymatic hydrolysis. After de-chroming, concentrating and drying, the protein hydrolysate was obtained. The chrome content of the hydrolysate is 10.1 ppm, the crude protein of the hydrolysate is about 82.1%, and the protein recovery of chrome shaving is 59%.
Protein hydrolysate was used to synthesize copper amino acid compound chelate. The effects of pH value, reaction temperature, reaction time on the chelation were investigated. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: pH=ll, ordinary temperature, 20 minutes. The product was testified by IR.
DU Jianqiang (Biochemical engineering) Directed by associate professor ZHANG Xiaoyan
引文
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2 熊源，廖隆理．铬革废弃物的综合利用．环境保护，1998，3：25-32
3 Sundar V J, Raghava Rao J, Muralidharan C. Cleaner chrome tanning-emerging options. Journal of cleaner production, 2002,10:69-74
4 Walsh A R, O'Halloran J. The toxicity of leather tannery effluent to a population of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Ecotoxicology, 1997,6:137-152
5 成都科技大学，西北轻工业学院合编．制革化学及工艺学．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1982
6 沈同，王镜岩．生物化学．第二版．北京：高等教育出版社，1990．157-160
7 徐晓利，马涧泉．医学生物化学．北京：人民卫生出版社，1998．957-958
8 张豁中，温玉麟．动物活性成分化学．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1995
9 Jancso, Janos. HU-52 572. 1990.6.28
10 YUN Sun-Gyu, PARK Sung-Ha etc. Effective chrome removal process from shaving dust. Kongop Hwahak, 1999, 10(8): 1104-1108
11 SUNIDA Akira. JP11 76, 973. 1999.3.23
12 Carrio R, Celma P J etc. Comparison of the treatment of chrome shavings from cattle hides from the USA and from sheepskins from Spain. AQEIC Bol. Tec. 1999,50(2): 65-79
13 张文．废铬鞣皮屑制饲料蛋白的工艺方法．精细化工，1996，13(4)：52-53
14 邓毛瑞，祝基延，黄兆华．由废弃皮革中提取水溶性蛋白的研究．福州大学学报(自然科学版)，1995，23(1)：81-84
15 王碧，林炜，马春辉等．皮革废弃物资源回用—胶原蛋白的利用基础、现状及前景．皮革化工，2001，18(3)：10-14
16 冯晓亮．皮革蛋白粉的开发及应用．化工生产与技术，1994，2：12-13
17 董燕，黄秀梨．皮革废物铬革屑的微生物学处理研究．应用与环境微生物学报，1999，10(5)(增刊)：120-126
18 陈武勇，辜海兵，秦涛．中性蛋白酶水解铬革屑的研究．中国皮革．2001，30(21)：2-5
19 陈武勇，辜海兵，秦涛．氧化镁和碱性蛋白酶两步法处理废铬革屑．中国皮革，2001，30(15)：1-5
20 赵宏樵，王方国，马平．羊皮下脚料中明胶和水解蛋白的提取研究．科技通报，1995，11(3)：171-174
21 蒋挺大，张春萍．胶原蛋白．北京：化学工业出版社，2001
22 胡学智．国内外酶制剂工业及其应用．工业微生物，2001，31(3)：41-46
23 孟祥河，段善海，王晓忠．牛肉酶法水解的研究．食品科技，2001，4：13-16
24 雷前仁，宋涛，陈秋长．水解动物蛋白及其在食品工业中的应用．食品工业，2000，3：6-7
25 宋焕禄，廖国洪．动物蛋白酶解研究．食品科学，2001，22(5)：21-26
26 王朝旭，赵丹，王晓雪．酶法水解骨蛋白最佳条件的研究．食品科学，2001，22(2)：48-49
27 贾冬英，王文贤，姚开，张铭让．胶原蛋白多肽功能特性的研究．食品科学，2001，22(6)：21-24
28 熊燕飞，王惠平，陈怀新等．酶法水解蚕蛹蛋白制备多肽的工艺研究．湖北大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，21(3)：287-290
29 邓尚贵，章超桦．双酶法在水产品水解动物蛋白制作工艺中的应用研究．水产学报，1998，22(4)：352-356
30 熊善柏，王启明，赵山．乌鸡肉蛋白质分步酶解工艺与水解液澄清方法研究．食品工业科技，2001，21(4)：17-19
31 Gopalkrishnan M V, Jamuna P. Optimum time requirement for enzymic hydrolysis of food proteins. Journal of food science and technology, 2000, 37(3): 319-322
32 Fonkwe L G, Singh R K. Protein recovery from mechanically deboned turkey residue by enzymic hydrolysis. Process biochemistry, 1996, 31:605-616
33 Margot A, Flaschel E, Renken A. Continuous monitoring of enzymatic whey protein hydrolysis: correlation of base consumption with soluble nitrogen content. Process biochemistry, 1994,29:257-262
34 Guerard F, Dufosse L, Broise D L, et al. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)wastes using Alcalase. Journal of molecular catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2001,11: 1051-1059
35 Novo Nordisk. The use of Protamex in the production of a functional pork extract. Product sheet B 965a-CN, Novo Nordisk. 2000
36 毕铭．型饲料添加剂—氨基酸金属螯和物国内外概况．精细与专用化学品，1992，1：6-7
37 钟国清，曾仁权．复合氨基酸微量元素螯和物的研究进展．化学世界，1996，6：286-290
38 杨文炳，姚芬英．复合氨基酸铁合成及其螯合反应研究．化学通报，1991，1：46-47
39 周桂莲．氨基酸螯合铁的研究与应用进展．饲料博览，1998，10(6)：10-12
40 李健，徐忠，张亚丽．复合氨基酸微量元素络合盐的制备工艺研究．中国粮油学报，2001，16(3)：38-41
41 Rosenthal A, Pyle D L, Niranjan K et al. Combined effect of operational variables and enzyme activity on aqueous enzymatic extraction of oil and protein from soybean. Enzyme and microbial technology, 2001,28:499-509
42 Margot A, Flaschel E, Renken A. Empirical kinetic models for tryptic whey protein hydrolysis. Process biochemistry, 1997,32:217-223
43 Marquez M C, Vazquez M A. Modeling of enzymatic protein hydrolysis. Process biochemistry, 1999,35:111-117
44 高福成主编．食品加工过程模拟·优化·控制．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1999．342-367
45 齐崴，何志敏，史德青．酪蛋白酶解制备酪蛋磷酸肽研究(1)．食品科学，2001，22(8)：37-40
46 A M Calderon de la Barca, R A Ruiz-Salazar, M E Jara-Marini. Enzymatic hydrolysis and synthesis of soy protein to improve its amino acid composition and functional properties. Food chemistry and toxicology, 2000,65(2): 246-253
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