基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径研究
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摘要
摘要：随着知识经济、服务经济的快速发展,世界经济正在经历新一轮的结构调整和区域分工,服务业尤其是知识密集型服务业正成为世界经济发展的新热点和发达国家或地区竞相发展的重点。发达国家将知识密集型服务业列为现代经济增长的引擎；我国正将其发展成为新兴的支柱产业。然而,我国的知识密集型服务企业大多存在着规模偏小、功能单一、效率低下、发展滞后等问题,难以发挥其在经济发展中的重要作用。其中重要的原因是许多企业不善于利用企业关系网络去获取各种资源和机会去发展自身,即网络能力较弱。
在过去的几年中,一些学者致力于网络能力与企业绩效之间影响关系和影响机制的研究。研究表明,强的网络能力会在企业内部形成竞争力、为企业的发展提供强有力的支持、提高企业的绩效。知识密集型服务企业是以知识为主要投入和产出要素,提供高知识性、高附加值服务的企业。知识密集型服务企业网络能力对企业绩效的影响必有其特殊之处,本文将从企业能力理论角度出发,探讨基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径和机制。
本研究首先对知识密集型服务企业、网络能力、组织间学习、合作创新、顾客互动和企业绩效的相关文献进行了阅读、整理和评述。其次,从企业网络的动态研究视角建构了知识密集型服务企业网络能力的结构模型、分析了它的特殊性。在此基础上,提出了基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径关系概念模型。然后,对知识密集型服务企业网络能力如何影响企业绩效进行了理论分析,提出了相关的关系假设。此后,基于问卷调研数据,利用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型对上述理论关系进行了实证验证,在此基础上提出了相关对策建议。
通过上述研究,得出了以下一些主要的结论：(1)知识密集型服务企业网络能力提升企业绩效主要通过基于知识的路径、基于创新的路径、基于互动的路径三条路径；(2)网络能力通过能动多维度网络管理,有助于企业消除组织间学习中存在的障碍,继而影响企业绩效,这是基于知识的路径；(3)网络能力为企业合作创新营造了互信的氛围和提供资源和知识保障,从而影响企业绩效,这是基于创新的路径；(4)网络能力促进企业与顾客间频繁深入的互动继而影响企业绩效,这是基于互动的路径；(5)组织间学习、合作创新与顾客互动三个变量分别在知识密集型企业网络能力与企业绩效之间的三条关系路径中起到了部分或者完全的中介效用。
本文的主要创新点有：(1)分析了知识密集型服务企业网络能力的特殊性,以此为基础提出了基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径,分别是基于知识的路径、基于创新的路径和基于互动的路径；(2)分别引入组织间学习、合作创新和顾客互动三个变量作为知识密集型服务企业网络能力影响企业绩效的关系路径中介变量；(3)利用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型实证验证了上述的路径关系和中介效用。
Abstract:With the rapid development of knowledge economy and service economy, the world economy is undergoing a new round of structural adjustment and regional industry division. The service industry, especially knowledge-intensive business service is becoming new hot spot of the world economic development and focus of competing for the development by developed countries or regions. Knowledge-intensive business service is regarded as the engine of modern economic growth in developed countries; In China it is becoming development to become the new pillar industry. However, there are still some problems existing in knowledge-intensive business services, such as mostly small-scale, single-function, inefficient, lag development and so on. It is difficult to play their important role in the economic development. One of the important reasons is that many firms are not good at using their relations network of to acquire all kinds of resources and opportunities to develop their selves. Their network competences are weak.
In the past few years, some scholars dedicated to the research on the influences of network competence to firm performance as well as its mechanism. Studies have shown that strong network competence will be transformed into competitiveness in firm which can highly support the development of firms, and even improve firm performance. Key input and output elements of knowledge-intensive business services are knowledge and they offer knowledgeable and high value-added services. The network competence of knowledge-intensive business services have special impacts on firm performance, and this paper based on theories of firm capabilities explores the paths and mechanism of how network competence makes improvement on performance of the knowledge-intensive business services.
Firstly, the author fully read, sorted, and reviewed numerous relative literatures on knowledge-intensive business services, network competence, inter-organizational learning, Cooperative innovation, customer interaction, firm performance. Secondly, from a dynamic perspective of network of firms, the author constructed a structure model of the network competence of knowledge-intensive business services, and analyzed its particularity. On the basis of this, the author built a conceptual model of performances-improving paths of knowledge-intensive business services based on network competence. Then, the author theoretically analyzed the impact mechanism of network competence on performance of knowledge-intensive business services, and brought relative hypothesizes. Finally, the author proved above theoretical relationships using questionnaire research and structural equation model based on partial least squares method, and then, gave some suggestion.
Through the research, the author gets the following main conclusions:(1) the way which network competence of knowledge-intensive business services firms improve firm performance contain knowledge path, innovation path and interaction path;(2) the way based on knowledge is that, network competence helps eliminate obstacles of inter-organizational learning by dynamic multi-dimensional network management, thereby affects firm performance;(3) the way based on innovation is that network competence provides backup of mutual trust, resources and knowledge for cooperative innovation,thus, affects firm performance;(4) the way based on interaction is that network competence spurs frequent and deep interaction between firms and customers, so affects firm performance;(5) the variables of inter-organizational learning, cooperative innovation, as well as interaction between firms and customers partly or fully plays mediating effect between network competence of knowledge-intensive business services and firm performance.
Main innovative points of this paper are:(1) on the basis of analyzing the particularity of the network competence of knowledge-intensive service firms,this paper shows the ways which knowledge-intensive service firms improves firm performance including knowledge path, innovation path and interaction path;(2) individually intruducing the three variables of inter-organizational learning, corporative innovation, and customer interaction as mediating variable between network competence of knowledge-intensive business services and firm performance;(3) proving the above paths and mediating effects by structural equation model based on partial least squares method.
在过去的几年中,一些学者致力于网络能力与企业绩效之间影响关系和影响机制的研究。研究表明,强的网络能力会在企业内部形成竞争力、为企业的发展提供强有力的支持、提高企业的绩效。知识密集型服务企业是以知识为主要投入和产出要素,提供高知识性、高附加值服务的企业。知识密集型服务企业网络能力对企业绩效的影响必有其特殊之处,本文将从企业能力理论角度出发,探讨基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径和机制。
本研究首先对知识密集型服务企业、网络能力、组织间学习、合作创新、顾客互动和企业绩效的相关文献进行了阅读、整理和评述。其次,从企业网络的动态研究视角建构了知识密集型服务企业网络能力的结构模型、分析了它的特殊性。在此基础上,提出了基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径关系概念模型。然后,对知识密集型服务企业网络能力如何影响企业绩效进行了理论分析,提出了相关的关系假设。此后,基于问卷调研数据,利用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型对上述理论关系进行了实证验证,在此基础上提出了相关对策建议。
通过上述研究,得出了以下一些主要的结论：(1)知识密集型服务企业网络能力提升企业绩效主要通过基于知识的路径、基于创新的路径、基于互动的路径三条路径；(2)网络能力通过能动多维度网络管理,有助于企业消除组织间学习中存在的障碍,继而影响企业绩效,这是基于知识的路径；(3)网络能力为企业合作创新营造了互信的氛围和提供资源和知识保障,从而影响企业绩效,这是基于创新的路径；(4)网络能力促进企业与顾客间频繁深入的互动继而影响企业绩效,这是基于互动的路径；(5)组织间学习、合作创新与顾客互动三个变量分别在知识密集型企业网络能力与企业绩效之间的三条关系路径中起到了部分或者完全的中介效用。
本文的主要创新点有：(1)分析了知识密集型服务企业网络能力的特殊性,以此为基础提出了基于网络能力的知识密集型服务企业绩效提升路径,分别是基于知识的路径、基于创新的路径和基于互动的路径；(2)分别引入组织间学习、合作创新和顾客互动三个变量作为知识密集型服务企业网络能力影响企业绩效的关系路径中介变量；(3)利用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型实证验证了上述的路径关系和中介效用。
Abstract:With the rapid development of knowledge economy and service economy, the world economy is undergoing a new round of structural adjustment and regional industry division. The service industry, especially knowledge-intensive business service is becoming new hot spot of the world economic development and focus of competing for the development by developed countries or regions. Knowledge-intensive business service is regarded as the engine of modern economic growth in developed countries; In China it is becoming development to become the new pillar industry. However, there are still some problems existing in knowledge-intensive business services, such as mostly small-scale, single-function, inefficient, lag development and so on. It is difficult to play their important role in the economic development. One of the important reasons is that many firms are not good at using their relations network of to acquire all kinds of resources and opportunities to develop their selves. Their network competences are weak.
In the past few years, some scholars dedicated to the research on the influences of network competence to firm performance as well as its mechanism. Studies have shown that strong network competence will be transformed into competitiveness in firm which can highly support the development of firms, and even improve firm performance. Key input and output elements of knowledge-intensive business services are knowledge and they offer knowledgeable and high value-added services. The network competence of knowledge-intensive business services have special impacts on firm performance, and this paper based on theories of firm capabilities explores the paths and mechanism of how network competence makes improvement on performance of the knowledge-intensive business services.
Firstly, the author fully read, sorted, and reviewed numerous relative literatures on knowledge-intensive business services, network competence, inter-organizational learning, Cooperative innovation, customer interaction, firm performance. Secondly, from a dynamic perspective of network of firms, the author constructed a structure model of the network competence of knowledge-intensive business services, and analyzed its particularity. On the basis of this, the author built a conceptual model of performances-improving paths of knowledge-intensive business services based on network competence. Then, the author theoretically analyzed the impact mechanism of network competence on performance of knowledge-intensive business services, and brought relative hypothesizes. Finally, the author proved above theoretical relationships using questionnaire research and structural equation model based on partial least squares method, and then, gave some suggestion.
Through the research, the author gets the following main conclusions:(1) the way which network competence of knowledge-intensive business services firms improve firm performance contain knowledge path, innovation path and interaction path;(2) the way based on knowledge is that, network competence helps eliminate obstacles of inter-organizational learning by dynamic multi-dimensional network management, thereby affects firm performance;(3) the way based on innovation is that network competence provides backup of mutual trust, resources and knowledge for cooperative innovation,thus, affects firm performance;(4) the way based on interaction is that network competence spurs frequent and deep interaction between firms and customers, so affects firm performance;(5) the variables of inter-organizational learning, cooperative innovation, as well as interaction between firms and customers partly or fully plays mediating effect between network competence of knowledge-intensive business services and firm performance.
Main innovative points of this paper are:(1) on the basis of analyzing the particularity of the network competence of knowledge-intensive service firms,this paper shows the ways which knowledge-intensive service firms improves firm performance including knowledge path, innovation path and interaction path;(2) individually intruducing the three variables of inter-organizational learning, corporative innovation, and customer interaction as mediating variable between network competence of knowledge-intensive business services and firm performance;(3) proving the above paths and mediating effects by structural equation model based on partial least squares method.
引文
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