面向服务的企业集成体系及事务可靠性研究
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摘要
面向服务的企业集成体系是企业应用集成的趋势,事务可靠性问题是面向服务的企业集成体系中迫切需要解决的问题。
本文工作主要有两大部分:一是设计和实现了一个易扩展的面向服务的企业集成体系WSTransact;二是提出了用于保障面向服务的企业集成体系中事务可靠性的WSTransact事务模型。
本文参考已有的企业集成体系和Web服务组合规范,给出了采用Web服务进行企业应用集成的标准思路,设计和实现了一个面向服务的企业集成体系WSTransact。WSTransact是一种松耦合的集成体系,灵活性和扩展性好,它采用BPEL以松散耦合方式组合Web服务,支持各种系统的灵活集成,并可实时地动态选择、集成和嵌套Web服务,使企业能够从全局的角度自如地调用Web服务。WSTransact处理了Web服务的自身特性所带来的问题,并引入事务机制以保证流程的可靠性和一致性。WSTransact提供了Web服务适配器,使得遗留系统能方便快捷地接入到企业集成体系中。
针对面向服务的企业应用集成体系中事务可靠性问题,本文分析了经典事务模型、扩展事务模型、Web服务事务等相关技术;借鉴相关技术的思想,结合面向服务的企业集成体系的特性,提出了适用于面向服务的企业集成体系的WSTransact事务模型及处理机制,即映射机制、长事务构造机制和补偿机制。WSTransact事务模型保障企业集成体系的事务可靠性,确保体系中Web服务的正确和可靠执行;映射机制使用多个相同功能的Web服务来完成某个功能,大大提高了流程中每个活动乃至整个流程的执行成功率;长事务构造机制让用户方便地输入对流程的事务要求,并自动将这些事务要求转换为长事务的属性,实现了事务自动处理与用户要求的无缝结合;补偿机制实施部分补偿,补偿过程不需人工干预,并在模型层面上界定清楚补偿的作用,避免了补偿事务本身带来的缺陷。
本文实现并测试了WSTransact事务模型。结果表明,WSTransact事务模型满足企业集成体系中企业对事务支持的要求,确保面向服务的企业集成体系中Web服务相互协同工作并得到正确和可靠的运行结果。
Service orientation has become the development trend of enterprise application integration, and the transactional reliability of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture is an urgent problem.
The major works of this paper involve two parts. First, this paper designed and implemented a service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture called WSTransact. Second, this paper proposed the WSTransact transaction model which guaranteed transactional reliability of service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture.
Based on the existing enterprise application integration systems and web service standards, a standard pattern of enterprise application integration with web services is proposed and a service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture called WSTransact is designed and implemented. The WSTransact is a flexible and extensible integration system, which uses BPEL to combine web services in a loosely coupled way. It supports dynamic real-time selection, integration and nesting of web services so that companies can easily invoke web services from the overall perspective. The WSTransact can deal with the problems caused by web services, and it introduces transaction mechanisms to guarantee the reliability and consistency of the process. Additionally, there is a web services adapter in WSTransact which makes legacy system integration easier.
To solve the transactional reliability problem, we firstly analyzed the traditional transaction model, advanced transaction model and web services transaction model. After thinking about the relevant technologies and combining the characteristics of a service-oriented enterprise integration system, the WSTransact transaction model and its handling mechanisms, namely the mapping mechanism, long transaction generating mechanism and compensating mechanism, are proposed for adapting to the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture. The WSTransact transaction model guarantees the transactional reliability of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture and insures the reliable and accurate execution of web services. The mapping mechanism uses the same function of different web services to complete a certain function, which increases the success possibility of a node and that of the whole process. The long transaction generating mechanism facilitates the input of the user requirements and automatically converts them into long transaction, which achieves a seamless combination of automatic transaction processing and user requirements. The compensating mechanism supports partial transaction compensation, in which the compensation process does not need manual intervention. The compensating mechanism defines clearly the compensation operation in model level, which avoids the shortcoming caused by compensation process.
The WSTransact model is implemented and tested. The results show that the WSTransact model meets the requirements of the transaction support for the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture. It also guarantees web services of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture working together to obtain accurate and reliable result.
本文工作主要有两大部分:一是设计和实现了一个易扩展的面向服务的企业集成体系WSTransact;二是提出了用于保障面向服务的企业集成体系中事务可靠性的WSTransact事务模型。
本文参考已有的企业集成体系和Web服务组合规范,给出了采用Web服务进行企业应用集成的标准思路,设计和实现了一个面向服务的企业集成体系WSTransact。WSTransact是一种松耦合的集成体系,灵活性和扩展性好,它采用BPEL以松散耦合方式组合Web服务,支持各种系统的灵活集成,并可实时地动态选择、集成和嵌套Web服务,使企业能够从全局的角度自如地调用Web服务。WSTransact处理了Web服务的自身特性所带来的问题,并引入事务机制以保证流程的可靠性和一致性。WSTransact提供了Web服务适配器,使得遗留系统能方便快捷地接入到企业集成体系中。
针对面向服务的企业应用集成体系中事务可靠性问题,本文分析了经典事务模型、扩展事务模型、Web服务事务等相关技术;借鉴相关技术的思想,结合面向服务的企业集成体系的特性,提出了适用于面向服务的企业集成体系的WSTransact事务模型及处理机制,即映射机制、长事务构造机制和补偿机制。WSTransact事务模型保障企业集成体系的事务可靠性,确保体系中Web服务的正确和可靠执行;映射机制使用多个相同功能的Web服务来完成某个功能,大大提高了流程中每个活动乃至整个流程的执行成功率;长事务构造机制让用户方便地输入对流程的事务要求,并自动将这些事务要求转换为长事务的属性,实现了事务自动处理与用户要求的无缝结合;补偿机制实施部分补偿,补偿过程不需人工干预,并在模型层面上界定清楚补偿的作用,避免了补偿事务本身带来的缺陷。
本文实现并测试了WSTransact事务模型。结果表明,WSTransact事务模型满足企业集成体系中企业对事务支持的要求,确保面向服务的企业集成体系中Web服务相互协同工作并得到正确和可靠的运行结果。
Service orientation has become the development trend of enterprise application integration, and the transactional reliability of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture is an urgent problem.
The major works of this paper involve two parts. First, this paper designed and implemented a service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture called WSTransact. Second, this paper proposed the WSTransact transaction model which guaranteed transactional reliability of service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture.
Based on the existing enterprise application integration systems and web service standards, a standard pattern of enterprise application integration with web services is proposed and a service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture called WSTransact is designed and implemented. The WSTransact is a flexible and extensible integration system, which uses BPEL to combine web services in a loosely coupled way. It supports dynamic real-time selection, integration and nesting of web services so that companies can easily invoke web services from the overall perspective. The WSTransact can deal with the problems caused by web services, and it introduces transaction mechanisms to guarantee the reliability and consistency of the process. Additionally, there is a web services adapter in WSTransact which makes legacy system integration easier.
To solve the transactional reliability problem, we firstly analyzed the traditional transaction model, advanced transaction model and web services transaction model. After thinking about the relevant technologies and combining the characteristics of a service-oriented enterprise integration system, the WSTransact transaction model and its handling mechanisms, namely the mapping mechanism, long transaction generating mechanism and compensating mechanism, are proposed for adapting to the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture. The WSTransact transaction model guarantees the transactional reliability of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture and insures the reliable and accurate execution of web services. The mapping mechanism uses the same function of different web services to complete a certain function, which increases the success possibility of a node and that of the whole process. The long transaction generating mechanism facilitates the input of the user requirements and automatically converts them into long transaction, which achieves a seamless combination of automatic transaction processing and user requirements. The compensating mechanism supports partial transaction compensation, in which the compensation process does not need manual intervention. The compensating mechanism defines clearly the compensation operation in model level, which avoids the shortcoming caused by compensation process.
The WSTransact model is implemented and tested. The results show that the WSTransact model meets the requirements of the transaction support for the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture. It also guarantees web services of the service-oriented enterprise application integration architecture working together to obtain accurate and reliable result.
引文
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[4] Michiko Oba,Multiple Type Workflow Model for Enterprise Application Integration,Proceedings of the 30 Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences,2001
[5] 谢小轩编译,企业应用集成综述,http://www.amteam.org,2002,05
[6] Paul Johannesson、Erik Perjons,Design Principles for Process Modeling in Enterprise Application Integration,Information Systems 26(2001)165-184
[7] Curbera F、Nagy WA、Weerawarana S,Web services:Why and how,In:Proc. of the OOPSLA 2001 Workshop on Object-Oriented Web services,2001
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[20] Bunting D 、 Chapman M, et al , Web services Composite Application Framework(WS-CAF),Verl.0,Available at http://developers.sun.com/techtopics /webservices/wscaf/,July 2003
[21] Pires P F,WebTransact: A Framework for specifying and coordinating reliable Web services compositions: Technical report es-578/02,Federal University of Rio De Janeiro,Brazil,2002
[22] Bennett B、Hahm B、et al,A Distributed Object Oriented Framework to Offer Transactional Support for Long Running Business Processes,In: Proc. IFIP/ACM Intl. Conf. on Distribute Systems Platforms,New York,NY,USA April 2000,Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1795,Springer-Verlag,Berlin,April 2000-331-348
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[28] Naoto S、Shin S、Kinichi M,Optimizing Composite Web Services through Parallelization of Service Invocations,EDOC'02,Switzerland,Sep. 2002
[29] Sadiq W、Orlowska M,Analyzing Process Models using Graph Reduction Techniques,Information Systems,2000,25(2):117-134
[30] Schuldt H,Process Locking: A Protocol Based on Ordered Shared Locks for the Execution of Transactional Processes,In: Proc. of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS'01),Santa Barbara,California,USA,May 2001,289~300
[31] 黄双喜、范玉顺、赵大哲、梅丛银、张力,基于 Web 服务的企业应用集成,计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,Vol.9,No.10 Oct.2003
[32] 袁占亭、张秋余、杨洁,基于 Web 服务的企业应用集成解决方案研究,计算机集成制造系统—CIMS,Vol.10 No.4 Apr.2004
[33] 余浩、窦延平,基于 Web 服务的企业应用的新型动态集成框架,计算机仿真,第 21 卷 第 3 期
[34] 邓水光、吴朝晖、俞镇,基于服务的跨组织工作流时间模型,浙江大学学报,Vol.38 No.9 Sep.2004
[35] Florian Rosenberg、Schahram Dustdar,Business Rules Integration in BPEL A Service-Oriented Approach,TUV-1841-2005-30 February 10,2005
[36] Schahram Dustdar , Web Services Workflows using BPEL4WS and its Coordination Framework,TUV-1841-2003-15 May 2,2003
[37] Sami Bhiri、Olivier Perrin、Claude Godart,Ensuring required failure atomicity of composite Web Services,In to appear in the 14th International World Wide Web Conference,Japan,May 2005
[38] Sami Bhiri,A Transactional Framework for ReliableWeb Services Compositions to support Inter Enterprizes Cooperations,BP 239,F-54506 Vand.uvreles Nancy Cedex,France
[39] Walid Gaaloul,Business Process Intelligence:Discovering and Improving Transactional behavior of Composite Services From Logs,BP 239,F-54506 Vandoeuvre-ls-Nancy Cedex, France
[40] Schmit 、 B.A. 、 Dustdar 、 S. , Model-driven development of web service transactions,In: Proceedings of the 2nd GI-Workshop XML for Business Process Management , 11. GI-Fachtagung fur Datenbanksysteme in Business ,Technologieund Web,Karlsruhe,Germany,Gesellschaft fur Informatik (2005) To be published
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[2] Francisca Losavio、Dinarle Ortega、Maria Perez,Modeling EAI,Proceedings of the XXII International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society(SCCC'02)
[3] Naveen Erasala、David C,Yen、T. M,Rajkumar. Enterprise Application Integration in the Electronic Commerce World,Computer Standards &Interfaces 25(2003)69-82
[4] Michiko Oba,Multiple Type Workflow Model for Enterprise Application Integration,Proceedings of the 30 Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences,2001
[5] 谢小轩编译,企业应用集成综述,http://www.amteam.org,2002,05
[6] Paul Johannesson、Erik Perjons,Design Principles for Process Modeling in Enterprise Application Integration,Information Systems 26(2001)165-184
[7] Curbera F、Nagy WA、Weerawarana S,Web services:Why and how,In:Proc. of the OOPSLA 2001 Workshop on Object-Oriented Web services,2001
[8] Jacobson、I.,Invited Paper, “The Unified Process for Component-Based Development”,In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE'99),Heidelberg,Germany,June 14-18,1999
[9] Meyer、B.,Mingins,C.,“Component-Based Development: From Buzz to Spark Guest Editors' Introduction”,IEEE Computer,v. 32,n. 7,pp. 35-37,1999
[10] Pree、W.,“Component-Based Software Development-A New Paradigm in Software Engineering”,Software - Concepts and Tools,v. 18,n. 4,pp.169-174,1997
[11] Microsoft Corporation and Digital Equipment Corporation,“The Component Object Model Specification” , [http : //www.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/ax0 1.htm],October 1995
[12] SUN Microsystems , “Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI)” , [http ://java.sun.com/ j2se/1.4/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.html],2001
[13] OMG (Object Management Group),The Common Object Request Broker:Architecture and Specification. Revision 2.0,July 1995
[14] W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Recommendation,“Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)”,[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml],October 2000
[15] W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Working Draft,“SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0:Primer”,[http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part0/],December 2001
[16] W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Note,“Web services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1”,[http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-wsdl-20010315], March 2001
[17] 官荷卿,Web 服务事务的研究综述.计算机科学,2005,Vo1.32,NO.102
[18] Potts M、et al,Business Transaction Protocol. Available at:http://www. oasis-open. org/business-transaction/,Jun 2002
[19] Cabrera L F、et al,Web Service Transaction (WS-T),Available at http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-transpec/,Aug,2002
[20] Bunting D 、 Chapman M, et al , Web services Composite Application Framework(WS-CAF),Verl.0,Available at http://developers.sun.com/techtopics /webservices/wscaf/,July 2003
[21] Pires P F,WebTransact: A Framework for specifying and coordinating reliable Web services compositions: Technical report es-578/02,Federal University of Rio De Janeiro,Brazil,2002
[22] Bennett B、Hahm B、et al,A Distributed Object Oriented Framework to Offer Transactional Support for Long Running Business Processes,In: Proc. IFIP/ACM Intl. Conf. on Distribute Systems Platforms,New York,NY,USA April 2000,Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1795,Springer-Verlag,Berlin,April 2000-331-348
[23] Thatte S,XLANG:Web services for Business Process Design,Available at:http://www. gotdotnet.co/team/xml-wsspecs/xlang-c/,2001
[24] Curbera F、Goland Y、Klein J、Leymann F、Roller D、Thatte S、Weerawarana S,Business Process Execution Language for Web Services(BPEL4WS),Available at: http: //www-106.ibm. com/developerworks/ library/ws-BPEL/,July 2002
[25] Leymann F,Web Service Flow Language (WSFL1. 0),Available at: http://www-306.ibm.com/software/solutions /webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf ,May 2001
[26] Rinard M C、Diniz P C,Commutativity Analysis: A New Analysis Technique for Parallelizing Compilers,ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst,1997,19(6):942~991
[27] Mangala G N、Karnik N M,Synchronization Analysis for Decentralizing Composite Web Services,SAC 2003,2003,407~414
[28] Naoto S、Shin S、Kinichi M,Optimizing Composite Web Services through Parallelization of Service Invocations,EDOC'02,Switzerland,Sep. 2002
[29] Sadiq W、Orlowska M,Analyzing Process Models using Graph Reduction Techniques,Information Systems,2000,25(2):117-134
[30] Schuldt H,Process Locking: A Protocol Based on Ordered Shared Locks for the Execution of Transactional Processes,In: Proc. of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS'01),Santa Barbara,California,USA,May 2001,289~300
[31] 黄双喜、范玉顺、赵大哲、梅丛银、张力,基于 Web 服务的企业应用集成,计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,Vol.9,No.10 Oct.2003
[32] 袁占亭、张秋余、杨洁,基于 Web 服务的企业应用集成解决方案研究,计算机集成制造系统—CIMS,Vol.10 No.4 Apr.2004
[33] 余浩、窦延平,基于 Web 服务的企业应用的新型动态集成框架,计算机仿真,第 21 卷 第 3 期
[34] 邓水光、吴朝晖、俞镇,基于服务的跨组织工作流时间模型,浙江大学学报,Vol.38 No.9 Sep.2004
[35] Florian Rosenberg、Schahram Dustdar,Business Rules Integration in BPEL A Service-Oriented Approach,TUV-1841-2005-30 February 10,2005
[36] Schahram Dustdar , Web Services Workflows using BPEL4WS and its Coordination Framework,TUV-1841-2003-15 May 2,2003
[37] Sami Bhiri、Olivier Perrin、Claude Godart,Ensuring required failure atomicity of composite Web Services,In to appear in the 14th International World Wide Web Conference,Japan,May 2005
[38] Sami Bhiri,A Transactional Framework for ReliableWeb Services Compositions to support Inter Enterprizes Cooperations,BP 239,F-54506 Vand.uvreles Nancy Cedex,France
[39] Walid Gaaloul,Business Process Intelligence:Discovering and Improving Transactional behavior of Composite Services From Logs,BP 239,F-54506 Vandoeuvre-ls-Nancy Cedex, France
[40] Schmit 、 B.A. 、 Dustdar 、 S. , Model-driven development of web service transactions,In: Proceedings of the 2nd GI-Workshop XML for Business Process Management , 11. GI-Fachtagung fur Datenbanksysteme in Business ,Technologieund Web,Karlsruhe,Germany,Gesellschaft fur Informatik (2005) To be published
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