引文分析学的知识计量研究
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摘要
引文分析法作为文献计量学和科学计量学中成熟的定量研究方法,已被国内外学者广泛应用于许多个学科领域的研究,尤其在描述学科的演进发展方面取得了诸多卓有成效的成果,同时在对科学的评价方面也硕果累累。然而,引文分析虽然广泛应用于多个领域,却甚少涉及对自身发展的分析。本文立足于引文分析的理论和方法,利用科学知识图谱说明了引文分析的发展历程及引文的知识流动过程,探讨了引文分析学的学科结构及应用功能。
首先利用CiteSpace软件绘制了引文分析领域的发展趋势图并对图谱的内容进行详细解读。从图谱看出引文分析学的发展历程主要分为几个时期:初始形成期、繁荣发展期、深化拓张期。分析了各个时期的一些重要人物的研究成果,总结了他们在引文分析领域的贡献。
随后,介绍了引文分析学的知识流动理论。从知识的发展模式来看,科学知识是进化发展和优胜劣汰的。引用的过程是知识进化的过程,是知识的选择、遗传和变异的过程,也是知识的采集与获取、传播与扩散、创造与增值的过程。引文分析的过程是对知识流动过程的分析。引文分析的过程包含了对引用过程的分析和对整个海量数据的统计分析两个过程。同时,引文分析是知识从微观到宏观再到微观的过程,是对知识活动系统的分析。
接着,探讨了引文分析学的学科特征、学科地位以及学科结构。引文分析学是一门具有交叉特征的学科,是基础性、方法性的学科,有自己的独特的理论、方法,应用很广泛。引文分析学的母学科是知识科学,引文分析学与文献计量学、科学计量学、信息计量学、网络计量学、知识计量学关系密切但又不尽相同,期刊共引图谱说明它们之间的关系。引文分析学的学科结构包括理论、方法及应用三个层面,三个层面相辅相成。
最后,以实例说明了引文分析的一些应用功能,如:评价科学研究成果、揭示科学知识发展模式、探测科学研究前沿。
As a solid quantitative method in Bibliometrics and Scientometrics,Citation Analysis has been popularly used on multi disciplines and fields especially on describing the evolution of subject and evaluating the scientific output.Atthogh Citation Analysis has many applications,it is lack of analyzing on itself.This study based on the theory and method of citation analysis,using knowledge mapping to illuminate the evolution of Citation Analytics and knowledge flowing process of citing,discussing the framework and function of Citation Analytics.
First of all,With CiteSpace,the development trends of Citation Analysis are mapped and unscrambled.There are some periods in the development process of Citation Analytics: formation,developing and furtherance.Some study fruits of important researchers were analyzed and their contributions for Citation Analytics were summarized.
In the following,we introduce the knowledge flowing theory of Citation Analytics.From the view of knowledge development pattern,we know that the science knowledge is evolved and survival-of-the-fittest.Citing is the process of knowlegde survival-of-the-fittest,and also of knowledge selection,inheritance,and variance,knowledge of collection and retrieval, diffusion and transmitting,creation and increment.Citation analysis is a process of knowledge flowing analysis.It is included the process of citing and statistic analysis of magnanimity data.In the same time,Citation analysis is the process of knowledge micro-macro-micro and it is the analysis on the knowledge system.
In succession,we discuss the subject characteristic,subject location and subject framework of Citation Analytics.Citation Analytics is subject which has some characters of cross,foundation and method.It has its own theory,method and popular application.The knowledge science is the mother discipline for Citation Analytics.The relationship between Citation Analytics and other disciplines can be explained by the co-citation journal map.The framework of Citation Analytics consists of thoery,method and technique;these three units influenced each other.
Lastly,we show some application functions of citation analysis by example.For example, evaluating research outputs,disclosing knowledge patterns and probing research fronts.
首先利用CiteSpace软件绘制了引文分析领域的发展趋势图并对图谱的内容进行详细解读。从图谱看出引文分析学的发展历程主要分为几个时期:初始形成期、繁荣发展期、深化拓张期。分析了各个时期的一些重要人物的研究成果,总结了他们在引文分析领域的贡献。
随后,介绍了引文分析学的知识流动理论。从知识的发展模式来看,科学知识是进化发展和优胜劣汰的。引用的过程是知识进化的过程,是知识的选择、遗传和变异的过程,也是知识的采集与获取、传播与扩散、创造与增值的过程。引文分析的过程是对知识流动过程的分析。引文分析的过程包含了对引用过程的分析和对整个海量数据的统计分析两个过程。同时,引文分析是知识从微观到宏观再到微观的过程,是对知识活动系统的分析。
接着,探讨了引文分析学的学科特征、学科地位以及学科结构。引文分析学是一门具有交叉特征的学科,是基础性、方法性的学科,有自己的独特的理论、方法,应用很广泛。引文分析学的母学科是知识科学,引文分析学与文献计量学、科学计量学、信息计量学、网络计量学、知识计量学关系密切但又不尽相同,期刊共引图谱说明它们之间的关系。引文分析学的学科结构包括理论、方法及应用三个层面,三个层面相辅相成。
最后,以实例说明了引文分析的一些应用功能,如:评价科学研究成果、揭示科学知识发展模式、探测科学研究前沿。
As a solid quantitative method in Bibliometrics and Scientometrics,Citation Analysis has been popularly used on multi disciplines and fields especially on describing the evolution of subject and evaluating the scientific output.Atthogh Citation Analysis has many applications,it is lack of analyzing on itself.This study based on the theory and method of citation analysis,using knowledge mapping to illuminate the evolution of Citation Analytics and knowledge flowing process of citing,discussing the framework and function of Citation Analytics.
First of all,With CiteSpace,the development trends of Citation Analysis are mapped and unscrambled.There are some periods in the development process of Citation Analytics: formation,developing and furtherance.Some study fruits of important researchers were analyzed and their contributions for Citation Analytics were summarized.
In the following,we introduce the knowledge flowing theory of Citation Analytics.From the view of knowledge development pattern,we know that the science knowledge is evolved and survival-of-the-fittest.Citing is the process of knowlegde survival-of-the-fittest,and also of knowledge selection,inheritance,and variance,knowledge of collection and retrieval, diffusion and transmitting,creation and increment.Citation analysis is a process of knowledge flowing analysis.It is included the process of citing and statistic analysis of magnanimity data.In the same time,Citation analysis is the process of knowledge micro-macro-micro and it is the analysis on the knowledge system.
In succession,we discuss the subject characteristic,subject location and subject framework of Citation Analytics.Citation Analytics is subject which has some characters of cross,foundation and method.It has its own theory,method and popular application.The knowledge science is the mother discipline for Citation Analytics.The relationship between Citation Analytics and other disciplines can be explained by the co-citation journal map.The framework of Citation Analytics consists of thoery,method and technique;these three units influenced each other.
Lastly,we show some application functions of citation analysis by example.For example, evaluating research outputs,disclosing knowledge patterns and probing research fronts.
引文
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