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江陵凹陷白垩—第三系含油气系统
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摘要
从区域地质地球物理及遥感资料入手,以板块构造理论为指导,以盆地分析方法为手段,结合平衡剖面等方法,综合研究江陵凹陷的区域构造地质背景,开展盆地结构特征、盆地原型演化与成盆期研究,对江陵凹陷进行了整体和动态分析,认为江陵凹陷是受公安—松滋断层和丫角—新沟咀断层控制形成的凹陷型断陷盆地。盆地演化经历了晚侏罗—早白垩世的盆地形成阶段;晚白垩—始新世新沟咀组的第一期断陷阶段、荆沙组—荆河镇组的第二期强烈断陷阶段和早第三纪末期与晚第三纪的构造反转与隆升剥蚀阶段。
     以板内形变理论为指导,运用构造几何学、构造动力学分析手段和方法。从变形层次的角度,划分江陵凹陷的形变层,分析不同变形层的形变特征与形变史;在此基础上,进行构造样式分类、探索其时空分布规律,研究各形变区各主要形变作用的形变机制与期次以及与油气运移、聚集、保存的关系。提出江陵凹陷具有三个主要形变期:燕山晚期、喜山早期和喜山中晚期,对应发育三个主要不整合面。江陵凹陷发育四组、三个期次的断裂系统,第一期为K_(2y)—Ex时期形成,以张性为主,走向以NE或NEE向为主,近EW向为辅,控制凹陷的构造格局:第二期为Ej—Ejh时期形成,整体表现为张性、平面上以NE向为主;第三期为Ejh末期与末期形成,整体为压扭性,平面上为近SN向或NW向,部分为早期张性断层反转。江陵凹陷盐构造主要形成于荆沙组—荆河镇组时期,至广华寺组末期最终定型,盐构造主要发育在荆州背斜带和南部断洼带两侧,盐构造形成有助于油气运移,同时控制江陵凹陷的油气聚集。
     江陵凹陷发育潜江组、沙市组上段—新沟嘴组二套生油岩,潜江组生油岩埋深浅,主体处于未—低成熟阶段。沙市组上段—新沟嘴组下段烃源岩厚度大、分布广。有机质丰度中低,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主。烃源岩主体进入成熟阶段,处于大量生油阶段,是江陵凹陷的主力烃源岩,烃源区分布在以江口—梅槐桥—虎渡河—资福寺为中心的近E—W向区域内,包括荆州背斜带。主力烃源区分布在梅槐桥—虎渡河洼陷,以梅槐桥洼陷为主。江陵凹陷工业油层主要分布在白垩系渔洋组、下第三系新沟嘴组下段。以低密度、低含硫、轻质油为主,原油具高饱和烃含量,低Pr/ph值、高r—蜡烷/α βC30藿烷值,较高C27甾烷含量,成熟度较高等地化特征,白垩系原油与新沟嘴组下段原油同源,均为沙市组上段—新沟嘴组下段烃源岩形成。
     据源—储关系,可以将江陵划分三个含油气系统,其中以E_S~上—E_X~下→K—E_(X下)—Ej(!)含油气系统为主。根据储—盖空间配置,将E_S~上—E_X~下→K—E_X~下—Ej(!)含油气系统进一步划分三个次级系统,根据源、储、盖圈闭、通道等成藏要素的空间配置,总结了江陵凹陷
From area geology, physics of the Earth and remote sensing data, under the guidance of the theory of plate tectonics ,with the help of method of basin analysis, associated with the method of balance profile, the area geology background of Jiangling depression is studied comprehensively, the characters of basin structure, the evolution of basin model and the episode of basin-forming are researched, the Jiangling depression is analyzed completely and dynamically. The article considers that Jiangling depression is a sunken faulted basin which is controlled by Gongan—Songzi fault and Yajiao—Xingouzui fault in formation. The article considers that the evolution of the basin has undertaken the stage of late Jurassic—early Cretaceous basin, the first faulting-depressing stage of Xingouzui Formation of upper Cretaceous—Eocene, the second strong faulting-depressing stage of Jingsha Formation-Jinhezhen. Formation and the uplifting-eroding ,structuring inverting stage at the end of early Paleocene and late Neocene.
    Guiding the theory of intraplate deformation, the thesis applies the methods of structural geometry and structural kinematics. From the aspect of deformation stratification, the deformable formation of Jiangling depression can be divided, deformation characteristics and episodes of different deformation formations can be analyzed; based on which classifying structural symbols, exploring spreading method in space, analyzing the relationship between the deformation mechanism and stages of main deformation acts of different deformation areas, the petroleum migration, accumulation, preservation. The article considers Jingling depression has three main deformational stages: late Yanshanian Movement, early Himalayan Orogeny and mid-late Himalayan Orogeny, responding to three main unconformities. There develop four groups fault systems with three episodes; the first one is the time when K_(2y)—Ex are formatted, which is dominated by extension and the strike is dominated by NE or NE, supplemented with nearly EW ,controlling the structural framework of depression; the second one is the time when Ej—Ejh are formatted, the whole is represented as tensible movement and the strike is dominated by NE on place; the third one is the end of Ejh and the time when Ejh is formed. The whole is compressing-shearing structure and some parts are early tensile reversed faults, the strike is dominated by nearly SN or NW on plane. Sault structure in Jiangling depression are formed during the course of Jingsha Formation-Jinghezhen Formation deposited and be finalized lastly at the end of Guanghua Formation. The salt structures mainly develop at two sides of Jingzhou Anticline Belts and southern faulted depression, which are favorable for migration of oil and gas ,controlling the accumulation of oil and gas of Jiangling Depression at the same time.
    Two types of oil source rocks are developed in Qianjiang Formation, upper Shashi Formation—Xinguozui Formation, the buried depth of the first is shallow, and the maturation is mainly low. The source rock of upper Shashi Formation—lower Xingouzui Formation has great thickness and wide contribution. Abundance of organic matter is middle and low, the type of kerogen is mainly III.The maturation of the source rocks which is important in Jiangling
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