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动态压力测量系统非线性模型辨识
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摘要
本文以国防军工计量“十五”计划重点项目“高压动态校准理论与方法研究”为背景,以非线性模型为对象,研究以Duffing系统为代表的非线性系统特性,用不同的方法针对不同的输入输出情况得到非线性系统的模型,为动态压力测量系统的深入研究积累有益的经验。
     本文主要内容有:
     (1) 从力学概念出发,采用能量法,以定性和定量的方法分析了以Duffing方程为代表的强非线性自治和非自治系统的周期解和它们的稳定性。使用电路仿真软件对非线性系统模型进行电路仿真计算,给出了参数设置和搭建电路的步骤。
     (2) 推导出对神经网络中激励函数进行Taylor级数分解得到Volterra级数核的理论方法;又针对激励函数的有效区间,分析了直接对激励函数进行Taylor级数分解的误差,提出了用拟合多项式代替激励函数的Taylor分解式,使得激励函数有效区间扩大至整个输入区间。进而通过多项式系数和神经网络的权值、阀值组合得到Volterra级数核。
     (3) 提出了一种多维Z变换方法,实现了Volterra级数模型与NARMAX模型的相互转化。使用广义多维冲激响应不变方法得到了非线性系统的离散模型与连续模型实际转换方法。
     (4) 使用Laguerre函数来逼近非线性系统的核,直接得到了非线性系统的连续传递函数模型。此方法利于非线性系统的频域分析,并且对于判断非线性系统的非线性阶数也具有特别的优势。
     (5) 针对具有白噪声输入的系统进行分析,利用它的功率谱密度均匀分布在整个频率区间的特点,得到输入权函数,最后辨识出基于指数类正交函数的非线性系统模型。
     (6) 对本文所提出的各种非线性模型进行了比较系统的分析,总结出它们之间的关系、适用范围以及建模效果。
This thesis is based on the research work which is the key project of the national defence military measurement Tenth Five-year Plan-"the theory and method research of the high pressure dynamic calibration". The nonlinear system characteristic that is based on the Duffing system is studied. The nonlinear system model is obtained via the input-output data using different methods. It has important significance on the high-pressure dynamic measurement system research.The main results can be summarized as follows:(1) The periodic solution of nonlinear system is obtained using energy method based on the concept of mechanics. The nonlinear model is simulated with the electronic simulation software, and the approaches of building electronic circuit and setting parameters is also presented.(2) The Volterra kernels are deduced through the polynomial activation function, which is poly- fitted from logsig function in artificial neural network model.(3) The transition from nonparametric model (Volterra series model) to more compact parametric model (NARMAX model) is presented using multidimensional Z-transform. The mathematical relation between continuous and discrete nonlinear model is studied and the equivalence relation between them is deduced.(4) The continuous-time transfer function is obtained from Laguerre kernels model, which is convenient for analyzed in frequency field. The order of nonlinear system is then can be deduced.(5) The exponential orthonormal function model of nonlinear system is obtained from the output data and the characteristic function of input data. The input data is characteristic of white noise of which the power spectrum is distributed equably. Characteristic function of input data can be obtained using a technique based on the inverse Fourier transform form PDF estimated of the input data.(6) At last the models mentioned in this thesis are analyzed, in which the effect of modeling and the area of application are summarized.
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