产品造型设计的“ATE”三维评价研究
|
摘要
产品造型设计评价是一个古老而又鲜活的话题,是业内学者在工业设计初期广泛研讨的课题,随着信息技术的快速发展,互联网、物联网、云计算等新技术的出现和广泛应用,产品造型设计活动发生着翻天覆地的变化,现代产品造型设计向多学科、多理论和多方法的趋势转变。与此同时,科学技术与市场经济的发展,提升了设计在企业价值链中的地位和作用。作为产品造型设计的重要前端行为,设计评价既是多方案决策与择优的有效渠道,也是影响产品最终实效的关键环节,如何通过设计评价指导产品设计定位与企业发展战略相统一,成为企业产品升级换代和持续稳定发展的前提。现有研究理论和实践应用证明,造型艺术、技术水平和经济条件都是决定产品设计市场的重要因素,从单维度视角进行产品造型设计评价的研究成果较为丰硕,主要集中在艺术、技术、经济三者中的某一个或两个维度进行,综合运用三个维度进行系统评价的研究相对空白,并且三者评价之间也存在诸多不匹配现象,特别是围绕艺术领域的评价内容主观色彩较浓。
基于此,本文综合运用设计艺术学、艺术哲学、设计美学、设计心理学、管理学和人机工程学等多学科理论和方法,运用归纳、演绎、比较等多种研究方法,定性分析与定量分析相结合,在进行了系统的理论调研和深入相关企业进行实地调研并参与相关项目设计的基础上,从“老三论”和“新三论”出发,全面阐述了产品造型设计评价基本原理的要素、特征和模式,研究并构建了产品造型设计的“ATE”三维评价模型、提出了产品造型设计的ATE三维评价指标、方法以及流程管理,并以手机产品造型设计评价为对象进行了“ATE”综合评价实践。
论文在总结产品造型设计的概念界定、基本特征、构成要素和影响因素的基础上,系统阐释了产品造型设计评价的定义、特点、分类及作用；通过对产品造型设计评价演进历史的阶段划分,明确了评价活动的内容要素和发展方向；基于系统科学领域的经典理论,深入解析了产品造型设计评价过程中包含的系统评价、信息传达、控制反馈和协同设计四大基本原理；依托产品层次结构和价值体现,构建了产品造型设计的艺术、技术、经济三维评价体系,涵盖了7个评价模块、18个评价领域和57项执行指标；将波特三大竞争战略与产品造型设计决策模式进行对接,详细阐述了成本领先导向的经济决策、差异化导向的艺术决策和集中化导向的技术决策；对比分析现有主要评价方法的优劣,综合运用模糊综合评价和离散系数构建了“ATE”三维评价模型；围绕X企业的W手机项目设计过程和效果,以手机造型设计为实例对象进行综合评价,反向验证产品造型设计“ATE”三维评价体系的科学性和可行性。
Product design evaluation is an ancient but fresh topic, which has been focused by extensive discussion of industry scholars in the early period of the industrial design. With the rapid development of information technology and the emerges and wide application of the Internet, networking, cloud computing and other new technologies, product design activities are undergoing tremendous changes and modern product design is changing to be multi-disciplinary, multi-theoretical and multi-method in trend. Meanwhile, the great development of science and technology and market economy has brought product design both a more important role in the value chain of enterprises and greater influence in the growth of enterprises. As an important front-end product design behavior, design evaluation is not only an effective channel to multi-program and merit decision, but also a key link affecting the effectiveness of the final product. Therefore, to guide product design through design evaluation in order to make product design orientation in accordance with the business development strategies has become the premise of product upgrades and the sustained and stable development of the enterprise.Seen from the evidences of theoretical and practical application of existing researches, plastic arts, technical level and economic conditions are the important and determining factors to the product design market. In addition, achievements of product design evaluation researches from single-dimension or double-dimension perspective are fruitful, which mainly focused on one or two aspects of art, technology and economy. However, the systematic evaluation with an integrated use of three dimensions is relatively empty and there are also many mismatches among the evaluations from each dimension, particularly the evaluation content focusing on the aspect of art is of great amount of subjective color.
Based on what are mentioned above, this paper comprehensively expounds the elements, characteristics and mode of evaluation basic principles of product modeling design from both of "The Old Three" and "The New Three" applying design art, philosophy of art, design aesthetics, design psychology, management science and ergonomics and other theories and methods. In addition, based on the theoretical research system and further related enterprises in the field on investigation, using various research methods of induction and deduction, comparison, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper also puts forward the ATE three-dimensional evaluation of the product modeling design, the ATE three-dimensional assessment indicator system, method and management mechanism and conducts the ATE comprehensive evaluation practice with mobile phone product design evaluation as the object.
Based on the summary of concept definitions, basic characteristics, components and influencing factors of product design, this paper systemically interprets the definition, features, classification and function of the product design evaluation. Additionally, clear content elements of evaluation activity and the development direction are gained on the basic of the classification of product design evaluation history and it comes to the induction and extraction of four basic principles of product design evaluation framework including systematical assessment, information transfer, control-and-feedback and collaborative design from the classic theories in system science. The ATE assessment indicator system is established including57indicators from18evaluation field divided into7evaluation modules which can reflect the product hierarchy and value and three decision models including cost-leading economic orientation decision, differentiation orientation artistic decision and centralization technical orientation decision are put forward according to the competitive strategy of Michael Porter. On the analysis of the existing evaluation methods, the integrated use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and discrete coefficient ATE three-dimensional evaluation model is constructed. Finally, an empirical study of comprehensive evaluation objected at the mobile phone W of company X product design adopting the ATE three-dimensional evaluation framework is conducted which verifies the science and feasibility of the ATE three-dimensional evaluation system.
基于此,本文综合运用设计艺术学、艺术哲学、设计美学、设计心理学、管理学和人机工程学等多学科理论和方法,运用归纳、演绎、比较等多种研究方法,定性分析与定量分析相结合,在进行了系统的理论调研和深入相关企业进行实地调研并参与相关项目设计的基础上,从“老三论”和“新三论”出发,全面阐述了产品造型设计评价基本原理的要素、特征和模式,研究并构建了产品造型设计的“ATE”三维评价模型、提出了产品造型设计的ATE三维评价指标、方法以及流程管理,并以手机产品造型设计评价为对象进行了“ATE”综合评价实践。
论文在总结产品造型设计的概念界定、基本特征、构成要素和影响因素的基础上,系统阐释了产品造型设计评价的定义、特点、分类及作用；通过对产品造型设计评价演进历史的阶段划分,明确了评价活动的内容要素和发展方向；基于系统科学领域的经典理论,深入解析了产品造型设计评价过程中包含的系统评价、信息传达、控制反馈和协同设计四大基本原理；依托产品层次结构和价值体现,构建了产品造型设计的艺术、技术、经济三维评价体系,涵盖了7个评价模块、18个评价领域和57项执行指标；将波特三大竞争战略与产品造型设计决策模式进行对接,详细阐述了成本领先导向的经济决策、差异化导向的艺术决策和集中化导向的技术决策；对比分析现有主要评价方法的优劣,综合运用模糊综合评价和离散系数构建了“ATE”三维评价模型；围绕X企业的W手机项目设计过程和效果,以手机造型设计为实例对象进行综合评价,反向验证产品造型设计“ATE”三维评价体系的科学性和可行性。
Product design evaluation is an ancient but fresh topic, which has been focused by extensive discussion of industry scholars in the early period of the industrial design. With the rapid development of information technology and the emerges and wide application of the Internet, networking, cloud computing and other new technologies, product design activities are undergoing tremendous changes and modern product design is changing to be multi-disciplinary, multi-theoretical and multi-method in trend. Meanwhile, the great development of science and technology and market economy has brought product design both a more important role in the value chain of enterprises and greater influence in the growth of enterprises. As an important front-end product design behavior, design evaluation is not only an effective channel to multi-program and merit decision, but also a key link affecting the effectiveness of the final product. Therefore, to guide product design through design evaluation in order to make product design orientation in accordance with the business development strategies has become the premise of product upgrades and the sustained and stable development of the enterprise.Seen from the evidences of theoretical and practical application of existing researches, plastic arts, technical level and economic conditions are the important and determining factors to the product design market. In addition, achievements of product design evaluation researches from single-dimension or double-dimension perspective are fruitful, which mainly focused on one or two aspects of art, technology and economy. However, the systematic evaluation with an integrated use of three dimensions is relatively empty and there are also many mismatches among the evaluations from each dimension, particularly the evaluation content focusing on the aspect of art is of great amount of subjective color.
Based on what are mentioned above, this paper comprehensively expounds the elements, characteristics and mode of evaluation basic principles of product modeling design from both of "The Old Three" and "The New Three" applying design art, philosophy of art, design aesthetics, design psychology, management science and ergonomics and other theories and methods. In addition, based on the theoretical research system and further related enterprises in the field on investigation, using various research methods of induction and deduction, comparison, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper also puts forward the ATE three-dimensional evaluation of the product modeling design, the ATE three-dimensional assessment indicator system, method and management mechanism and conducts the ATE comprehensive evaluation practice with mobile phone product design evaluation as the object.
Based on the summary of concept definitions, basic characteristics, components and influencing factors of product design, this paper systemically interprets the definition, features, classification and function of the product design evaluation. Additionally, clear content elements of evaluation activity and the development direction are gained on the basic of the classification of product design evaluation history and it comes to the induction and extraction of four basic principles of product design evaluation framework including systematical assessment, information transfer, control-and-feedback and collaborative design from the classic theories in system science. The ATE assessment indicator system is established including57indicators from18evaluation field divided into7evaluation modules which can reflect the product hierarchy and value and three decision models including cost-leading economic orientation decision, differentiation orientation artistic decision and centralization technical orientation decision are put forward according to the competitive strategy of Michael Porter. On the analysis of the existing evaluation methods, the integrated use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and discrete coefficient ATE three-dimensional evaluation model is constructed. Finally, an empirical study of comprehensive evaluation objected at the mobile phone W of company X product design adopting the ATE three-dimensional evaluation framework is conducted which verifies the science and feasibility of the ATE three-dimensional evaluation system.
引文
(?) 赵江洪.非物质、非物质主义和设计教育[J].北方美术2000(4)：79.
2 童鹰.现代科学技术史(修订版)[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2000：5.
3 宋应星.天工开物[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2002：10.
4 戴吾三.考工记图说[M].济南：山东画报出版社,2003：156.
5 Jones, Christophor J. Design Methods. John Wiley&Sons, Led[J].New York,1970(7):99.
5 韩超艳,姜敏.面向客户的产品设计非物质评价体系的建立[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,(9)：48-50.
7 李轶南.略论计算机技术对美国当代互动设计和工业设计教育的影响[J].美苑,2006(6)：74-76.
8 周济.智能设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998(4)：68.
9 ISO 9241-11.Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals(VDTS)-part 11:Guidance on usability[S].1998(6):152.
10 Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M].London:Basic Books. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,1988:158.
11 Haque B.U., Belecheanu R.A.,Barson RJ., Pawar K.S..Towards the application of case based reasoning to decision-making in concurrent product development (concurrent engineering) [J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2000(13):101-112.
12 Chun-Hsien Chen. Development of A Product Design Evaluation System [J]. University of Missouri-Columbia,1996(11):35.
13 Askiner Gungor, Surendra M. Gupta An Evaluation Methodology For Disassembly Processes [J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1997,33 (1):329-332.
14 Scot Leclerc, Ganesh Subbarayan. A Design for Assembly Evaluation Methodology for Photonic Systems.IEEE Transaction on Components[J]. Packaging, And Manufacturing Technology-Part C,1996,19(3):189-200.
15 王宗军.综合评价的方法/问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
16 曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
17 胡树华.产品创新管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：235-253.
18 朱永梅,王明强.机械产品设计综合评价的方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,6：70-74.
Kim Goodwin. Ten Ways To Kill Design[EB/OL]. [2005-5-08]. www.Uigarden.net.
19 刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,1：146.
20 程林能.工业设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：973.
21 鲁晓波.信息社会设计学科发展的新方向——信息设计[J].装饰,2001(6)：3-6.
23 章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007(2)：194-196.
24 冯涓,王介民.工业产品艺术造型设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：115-125.
25 章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007,2：194-196.
26 尚淼.工业产品造型设计中FUZZY综合评价体系的建立[J].包装工程,2004,25(5)：87-90.
27 王春鹏.绿色产品设计的模糊评价研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1)：99-105.
28 赵楠,于爱兵,路明村.机床造型质量的模糊层次综合评价[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9)：66-69.
29 朱龙英,朱如鹏,刘正埙.基于信息公理的产品设计方案评价方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005(6)：386-390.
30 付璐.汽车造型的艺术因素研究[J].包装工程,2007(11)：148-150.
31 赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生.层次分析法——一种简易的新决策方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：68.
32 燕,刘子建.基于中小型企业的工业产品设计评价体系研究[J].包装工程,2009(5)：135-137.
33 潘彦.绿色产品设计方案评价指标体系的建立[J].企业导报,2010(10)：241-242.
34 罗辉.实用产品设计经济分析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：110-120.
35 Chen.C.,H.Occena L.G.,Fok S.C..A concur rented design evaluation system for product design[J]. International Journal of Product Research,2001(3):413-433.
36 刘红旗,陈世兴.产品绿色度的综合评价棋型与方法体系[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1013-1016.
35 李峰,虎春,周雄辉.基于特征和约束的面向制造设计[J].机械研究与应用,1999,12(1)：35-37.
38 Kanis,H.Usage Centered Research for Everyday Product Design[J].Applied Ergonomics,1998:75-82.
36 张军,赵江洪.基于产品设计的意象尺度研究[J].装饰,2002,111(7)：21.
37 赵江洪,张军,孙宗禹.基于Internet的计算机辅助数控机床工业设计研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(5)：55-60.
41 Stephen Davies. The Philosophy of Art[J]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2006(1):267-283.
42 ,陆长德.基于多维情感语义空间的色彩表征方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报.2006,18(2)：289-294.
43 勇.设计管理——企业的产品识别设计[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007：81-101.
44张宪荣,张萱.工业设计导论[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1：81-81.
45 Jones, Christophor J.Design Methods[J]. New York John Wiley&Sons, Led.,1970.
46 Osgood,C.E.,Suci,G.H.,and Tannenbaum,P.H.,The Measurement of Meaning[M]. Urbana:University of Illinois Press.1957:1-355.
47 Zwicky F. The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1967: 273-297.
48 Owen,Charles L. An Algorithm for the Decomposition of Non-Directed Graphs[J] Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning,1970:133-146.
49 Hall, A. D., A Methodology for Systems Engineering[M]. N. J.:Van Nostrand Princeton,1962:121-132.
50 Tilly A R, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. The Measure of Man and Woman[M]. US:Watson-Guptill Publication, 1993:1-2.
51 Woodson,T.T., Introduction to Engineering Design[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Co.,1966:1-401.
52 Bovea, M.D., Vidal, R.. Increasing product value by integrating environmental impact[J]. costs and customer valuation,2004:133-145.
53 Kondoh, Masui, Hattori.. Total performance analysis of product life cycle considering the deterioration and obsolescence of product value[J]. International Journal of Product Development,2008:12-12.
54 Lee, Soon-Jong.The Linguistic Evaluation Method Using Fuzzy Set Tlllinois Institute of Techno logy [M].Chicogo:IL.,1984:3-20.
55 Thurston, Deborah L.. Subjective Design Evaluation with Multiple Attributes[J]Design Theory and Methodology-DTM,1990:355-361.
56 Mistree, Farrokh, Smith.. A Decision-Based Approachto Concurrent Design[J]. on current Engineering-Contemporary Issues and Modem Design Tool,1993:127-158.
57 田.产品造型设计方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：15-17.
58 翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械丁业出版社,2008：31.
59 衡.艺术设计美学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,1999：26.
60 中,何人可.工业设计史(第4版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2010：65-100.
61 参考董荪,钱昀.系统方法论在产品设计中的应用研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：62-64.
62 孔苓燕,谢庆森.浅谈系统设计在产品设计中的应用[J].设计,2013(6)：184-185.
63 俊.浅析系统科学下的工业产品设计观[J].科学之友,2009(11)：96-97.
64 野.系统论原理在产品设计中的应用[J].安徽文学,2007,(1)：51-52.
C.E. Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communication [J]. Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
66 侠,王方正.企业产品成本控制的研究与实践[J].机械管理开发,2012,(6)：195-196.
67 参考马玲.非连续创新与协同产品研发管理[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2007,11：62-74中图4-5绘制.
68 来源：Nonaka I. The ART of Knowledge:Systems to Capitalize on Market Knowledge[J]. European Management Journal,1998,16(6):673-684.
69 资料来源：Nonaka I., Toyama R. and Konno N. Leadership:A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33:5-34.
70 资料来源：根据芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红.协同设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,7：24中图2-5修改得到。
71 刘海滢.物流的价值空间分析[J].中州审计,2004(11)：52-53.
72 曼弗雷德·S·弗林斯.舍勒的心灵[M].上海：三联书店上海分店,2006(8)：19-34.
73 立.顾客价值——21世纪企业竞争优势的来源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007(4)：99。106.
74 Guan Shunfeng, Wang Min. Research on the Technology Innovation Policy of Chinese Creative Industry, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on product Innovation Management,2007,10:638-646.
75 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[M].上海：上海辞书出版社,2003：610.
76 蒋孔阳.美学新论[M].北北京：人民文学出版社,1993：46.
77 甘桥成,徐人平.产品设计的设计美学评价[J].设计艺术(山东工艺美术学院学报),2010(2)：75-78.
78 诸葛凯.设计艺术十讲[M].济南：山东美术出版社,2009：61.
79 Clive Belly. Art[M].BiblioBazaar,2007:17.
80 王晖,王莹，孙少林,等.论产品设计的形式审美[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,(16)：68.
81 李砚祖.工艺美术概论[M].中国轻工业出版社.1999年版,第95-97.
82 王海亚,孙高波.基于生活美学的工业设计应用探讨[J].艺术与设计(理论),2007(11)：128-130.
83 张兰成.谈产品设计美学中的技术美[J].科技经济市场,2007(7)：150-151.
84 蔡克中.论技术美学在现代产品设计中的体现与发展[J].包装工程,2008(11)：134-136.
85 阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
86 王章忠,李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003,(1)：21-22.
87 阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
88 王章忠.李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003(1)：21-22.
89 崔松等.企业时间成本含义探讨[J].财会通讯.2007(10)：34-35.
90 李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2007.9：17.
91 朱上上,罗仕鉴,赵江洪.基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(11)：56-58.
92 刘国余.设计管理(第二版[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2007：26.
93 蓝进.试论市场定位.产品定位和竞争定位之间的关系[J].商业研究,2007,366(7)：51-53.
[1]赵江洪.非物质、非物质主义和设计教育[J].北方美术2000,(4)：79.
[2]童鹰.现代科学技术史(修订版)[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2000：5.
[3]宋应星.天工开物[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2002：10.
[4]戴吾三.考工记图说[M].济南：山东画报出版社,2003：156.
[5]Jones, Christophor J. Design Methods. John Wiley&Sons, Led[J].New York,1970(7):99.
[6]韩超艳,姜敏.面向客户的产品设计非物质评价体系的建立[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,(9)：48-50.
[7]Chen.C., H.Occena L.G., Fok S. C..A concur rented design evaluation system for product design[J]. International Journal of Product Research,2001 (3):413-433.
[8]李轶南.略论计算机技术对美国当代互动设计和工业设计教育的影响[J].美苑,2006(6)：74-76.
[9]周济.智能设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998(4)：68.
[10]ISO 9241-11.Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTS)-part 11:Guidance on usability[S].1998 (6):152.
[11]Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M].London:Basic Books. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,1988:158.
[12]Haque B.U., Belecheanu R.A.,Barson RJ., Pawar K.S..Towards the application of case based reasoning to decision-making in concurrent product development (concurrent engineering) [J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2000(13):101-112.
[13]Chun-Hsien Chen. Development of A Product Design Evaluation System [J]. University of Missouri-Columbia,1996(11):35.
[14]Askiner Gungor, Surendra M. Gupta An Evaluation Methodology For Disassembly Processes [J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1997,33 (1):329-332.
[15]Scot Leclerc, Ganesh Subbarayan. A Design for Assembly Evaluation Methodology for Photonic Systems. IEEE Transaction on Components[J]. Packaging, And Manufacturing Technology-Part C,1996,19(3):189-200.
[16]王宗军.综合评价的方法/问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
[17]曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
[18]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：235-253.
[19]朱永梅,王明强.机械产品设计综合评价的方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,6：70-74.
[20]程林能.工业设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：973.
[21]刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,1：146.
[22]鲁晓波.信息社会设计学科发展的新方向——信息设计[J].装饰,2001(6)：3-6.
[23]Kim Goodwin. Ten Ways To Kill Design[EB/OL]. [2005-5-08]. www.Uigarden.net.
[24]章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007(2)：194-196.
[25]冯涓,王介民.工业产品艺术造型设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：115-125.
[26]章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007,2：194-196.
[27]尚淼.工业产品造型设计中FUZZY综合评价体系的建立[J].包装工程,2004,25(5)：87-90.
[28]雷险峰.产品设计经济研究[J].广西机械,2001(3)：8-13.
[29]王春鹏.绿色产品设计的模糊评价研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1)：99-105.
[30]赵楠,于爱兵,路明村.机床造型质量的模糊层次综合评价[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9)：66-69.
[31]朱龙英,朱如鹏,刘正埙.基于信息公理的产品设计方案评价方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005(6)：386-390.
[32]付璐.汽车造型的艺术因素研究[J].包装工程,2007(11)：148-150.
[33]赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生.层次分析法——一种简易的新决策方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：68.
[34]张红燕,刘子建.基于中小型企业的工业产品设计评价体系研究[J].包装工程,2009(5)：135-137.
[35]潘彦.绿色产品设计方案评价指标体系的建立[J].企业导报,2010(10)：241-242.
[36]罗辉.实用产品设计经济分析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：110-120.
[37]CHEN C H.OCCENA L G, FOK S C.A concur rented design evaluation system for product design [J]. Inter-national Journal of Product Research,2001(3):413-433.
[38]刘红旗,陈世兴.产品绿色度的综合评价棋型与方法体系[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9)：1013-1016.
[39]李峰,虎春,周雄辉.基于特征和约束的面向制造设计[J].机械研究与应用,1999,12(1)：35-37.
[40]Kanis, H. Usage Centered Research for Everyday Product Design[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1998:75-82.
[41]张军,赵江洪.基于产品设计的意象尺度研究[J].装饰,2002,111(7)：21.
[42J赵江洪,张军,孙宗禹.基于Internet的计算机辅助数控机床工业设计研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(5)：55-60.
[43]Stephen Davies. The Philosophy of Art[J]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2006(1):267-283.
[44]张全,陆长德.基于多维情感语义空间的色彩表征方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报.2006,18(2)：289-294.
[45]花景勇.设计管理——企业的产品识别设计[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007：81-101.
[46]张宪荣,张萱.工业设计导论[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1：81-81.
[47]Jones, Christophor J,. Design Methods[J]. New York John Wiley&Sons, Led.,1970.
[48]Osgood,C.E.,Suci,G.H., and Tannenbaurn,P.H.,The Measurement of Meaning[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1957:1-355.
[49]Zwicky F. The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1967:273-297.
[50]Owen,Charles L.An Algorithm for the Decomposition of Non-Directed Graphs[J] Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning,1970:133-146.
[51]Hall, A. D., A Methodology for Systems Engineering[M]. N. J.:Van Nostrand Princeton,1962:121-132.
[52]Tilly A R, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. The Measure of Man and Woman[M]. US:Watson-Guptill Publication,1993:1-2.
[53]Woodson,T.T. Introduction to Engineering Design[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Co., 1966:1-401.
[54]Bovea, M.D., Vidal, R.. Increasing product value by integrating environmental impact[J]. costs and customer valuation,2004:133-145.
[55]Kondoh, Masui, Hattori.. Total performance analysis of product life cycle considering the deterioration and obsolescence of product value[J]. International Journal of Product Development,2008:12-12.
[56]Lee, Soon-Jong. The Linguistic Evaluation Method Using Fuzzy Set Tlllinois Institute of Technology[M].Chicogo:IL.,1984:3-20.
[57]Thurston, Deborah L.. Subjective Design Evaluation with Multiple Attributes[J]Design Theory and Methodology-DTM,1990:355-361.
[58]Mistree, Farrokh, Smith..A Decision-Based Approachto Concurrent Design[J]. on current Engineering-Contemporary Issues and Modern Design Tool,1993:127-158.
[59]刘刚田.产品造型设计方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：15-17.
[60]刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：31.
[61]陈望衡.艺术设计美学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,1999：26.
[62]柳冠中,何人可.工业设计史(第4版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2010：65-100.
[63]董荪,钱昀.系统方法论在产品设计中的应用研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：62-64.
[64]孔苓燕,谢庆森.浅谈系统设计在产品设计中的应用[J].设计,2013(6)：184-185.
[65]林东俊.浅析系统科学下的工业产品设计观[J].科学之友,2009(11)：96-97.
[66]祁春野.系统论原理在产品设计中的应用[J].安徽文学,2007,(1)：51-52.
[67]C.E. Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communication[J]. Bell System Technical Journal, 1948,27(3):379-423.
[68]范海侠,王方正.企业产品成本控制的研究与实践[J].机械管理开发,2012,(6)：195-196.
[69]马玲.非连续创新与协同产品研发管理[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2007：62-74.
[70]Nonaka I. The ART of Knowledge:Systems to Capitalize on Market Knowledge[J]. European Management Journal,1998,16(6):673-684.
[71]Nonaka I., Toyama R. and Konno N. Leadership:A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J]. Long Range Planning,2000:5-34.
[72]芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红.协同设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,7：24.
[73]刘海滢.物流的价值空间分析[J].中州审计,2004(11)：52-53.
[74]曼弗雷德·S·弗林斯.舍勒的心灵[M].上海：三联书店上海分店,2006(8)：19-34.
[75]张明立.顾客价值——21世纪企业竞争优势的来源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007(4)：99-106.
[76]Guan Shunfeng, Wang Min. Research on the Technology Innovation Policy of Chinese Creative Industry, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on product Innovation Management,2007,10:638-646.
[77]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[M].上海：上海辞书出版社,2003：610.
[78]蒋孔阳.美学新论[M].北京：人民文学出版社,1993：46.
[79]甘桥成,徐人平.产品设计的设计美学评价[J].设计艺术(山东工艺美术学院学报),2010(2)：75-78.
[80]诸葛凯.设计艺术十讲[M].济南：山东美术出版社,2009：61.
[81]Clive Belly. Art[M].BiblioBazaar,2007:17.
[82]王晖,王莹,孙少林,等.论产品设计的形式审美[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,(16)：68.
[83]王海亚,孙高波.基于生活美学的工业设计应用探讨[J].艺术与设计(理论),2007(11)：128-130.
[84]张兰成.谈产品设计美学中的技术美[J].科技经济市场,2007(7)：150-151.
[85]蔡克中.论技术美学在现代产品设计中的体现与发展[J].包装工程,2008(11)：134-136.
[86]阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
[87]王章忠,李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003(1)：21-22.
[88]李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2007.9：17.
[89]朱上上,罗仕鉴,赵江洪.基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(11)：56-58
[90]蓝进.试论市场定位.产品定位和竞争定位之间的关系[J].商业研究,2007,366(7)：51-53.
[91]Gallouj F,. Weinatein O.. Innovation in services[J].Research Policy,1997,26(5):537-556.
[92]Fan Xiu-min. Ma Deng-zhe, YanJun-qi, et al. Research and application of simulation and Optimization technologies in virtual Product manufacturing Planning[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2001,7(8):41-43.
[93]Forster,J., Cartmell,M., and Fothergill,P, et al. Design Methodologies in Mechanical Engineering Supported by Artificial Intelligence Techniques [J].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Industrial& Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems,1990,90 (2):819-827.
[94]Ryan,. Kevin,. and Harty,Niamh, et al. Supporting Choice and Evaluation in Preliminary Design[J].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Industrial&Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence&Expert Systems,1990,90 (2):809-818.
[95]Pahl,G,. Beitz,W.. Engineering Design[M].New York:The Design Council,Spring-Verlag, 1984:107-145.
[96]Ishii,K., Barkan,P.. Design Compatibility Analysis:a framework for expert systems in mechanical system design[J]. ASME Computers in Engineering,1987:95-102.
[97]Dong, Zhongyuan. Evaluating Design Alternatives and Fuzzy Operations. International Conference on Engineering Design-ICED 87,Bostom,MA.,August 17-20,1987:322-329.
[98]王宗军.综合评价的方法、问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
[99]曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
[100]Hall, A.D. A Methodology for Systems Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J.,1962: 121-132.
[101]Wolstenholme E F. The use of system dynamics as a tool for intermediate level teehnology evaluation:three case studies[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology management,2003,20(2):193-204.
[102]杨西惠,陆长德,王芳等.产品设计的评价与管理[J].装备制造,2009,11：139-143.
[103]李文强,李彦,熊艳.产品设计方案总体性能评价模型及应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009(7)：233-239.
[104]Paasch R.K., Ruf D.N. Evaluation of Failure Diagnosis in Conceptual Design of Mechanical Systems[J] Journal of Mechanical Design.1997,119(3):57-64.
[105]Huizhong Wu, Fang Wang, Xia Zhang, Nian He.A Model of Inexact Reasoning in Mechanical Design Evaluation[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,1996,(10): 357-362.
[106]Christine W.Chan, Patrick Lau. Representation User in Engineering Design Domains Using an Enhanced Weighted Fuzzy Reasoning Algorithm[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering.1999(13):1-10.
[107]梁庆华,邹妞君,王石刚等.概念设计中机构选型的智能学习[J].模式识别与人工智能.1999,12(2)：137-141.
[108]曾任仁,郑智龙.用层次分析法确定工业设计评价指标、要素的权值模型研究[J].工程图学学报.2000,21(2)：96.1：96-98.
[109]Philippe Dequid, Bi-Matching. A New Preference Assessment Method to Reduce Compatibility Efects[J]. Management Sciences.1997,43(5):640-658.
[110]Hossein Saiedian, Kalyani Chennupati. Towards an Evaluative Framework For Software Process Improvement Models[J].The Journal of Systems and Software,1999(47): 139-148.
[111]杨明洁.以产品设计为核心的品牌战略：杨明洁设计实录2从西门子到Y-TOWN[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2008(10)：156.
[112]赵得成.产品造型设计.从形态的概念设计到实现[M].北京：海洋出版社,2010,2：110-113.
[113]王坤茜,林捷晖,徐人平.设计数学在产品界面设计中的应用[J].包装工程,2006,27(4)：214-215.
[114]赵占西.产品造型设计材料与工艺[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,8：36-38.
[115]李锋,吴丹,李飞.从构成走向产品设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,6：110-115.
[116]Erin Faith MacDonald. The Construction of Preference in Engineering Design and Implications for Green Products[D] The University of Michigan.2008:89.
[117]Hua-Cheng Chang, Hsin-Hsi Lai, Yu-Ming Chang. Expression modes used byconsumers in conveying desire for product form:A case study of a car [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006(36):3-10.
[118]Chamorro-Koc. Using visual representation of concepts to explore users and designers' concepts of everyday product [J]. Design Studies.2008,29(2):142-159.
[119]Karl T Ulrich, Steven D Eppinger. Product Design and Development[M]. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,2004:196-207.
[120](美)Karl T. Ulrich, Steven D. Eppinger产品设计与开发.高等教育出版社,2005：46-47.
[121]俞嘉华.关于比例在确定产品形态过程中的应用及思考[J].艺术与设计,2007(8)：147-149.
[122]尹定邦,柳冠中.设计方法论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2011：60-68.
[123]唐纳德·A·诺曼(Donald Arthur Norman)著.欧秋杏,何笑梅译.设计心理3：情感设计[M].北京：中信出版社,2012,6.
[124]Ruth Mugge. Product design and apparent usability. The influence of novelty in product appearance [J].Applied Ergonomics,2012,43(6):365-367.
[125]Hsin-Hsi Lai, Chien-Hsu Chen. Product design evaluation model of child car seat using gray relational analysis [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2009 (23):128-135.
[126]Mugge Ruth. Schoormans Jan P L.Product design and apparent usability [J]. The influence of novelty in product appearance. Applied ergonomics,2012,43 (6):1081-1088.
[127]JingRong Li, QingHui Wang, Ping Huang.An integrated disassembly constraint generation approach for product design evaluation. Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2012, Vol.25:685-689.
[128]Stephen Brewster. The design of sonically-enhanced widgets. [J].Interacting with Computers,1998,11(2):367-380.
[129]Nigel Bevan, Quality in Use:Meeting User Needs for Quality[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,1999,(49):89-96.
[130]王受之.世界工业设计史略[M].上海：上海人民美术出版社,1999：92-99.
[131]Christine W.Chan, Patrick Lau. Representation User in Engineering Design Domains Using an Enhanced Weighted Fuzzy Reasoning Algorithm[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering.1999,(13):1-10.
[132]Jae Kyeong Kim, Kyung Sam Park. Modeling a Class of Decision Problems Using Artificial Neural Networks[J]. Expert Systems With Application.1997,12(2):195-208.
[133]邹开其,李正吾.综合评判的神经网络方法摸糊系统与数学[J].1998,12(4)：20-25.
[134]陈为.基于农机产品设计质量模型综合评价法的研究[J].农业机械学报.1999,30(1)：97-100.
[135]Vlahavas I., Stamelos I., Refanidis L, Tsoukia s A. ESSE:An Expert System for Software Evaluation[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,1999 (12):183-197.
[136]Rindova, Violina P.; Petkova, Antoaneta P. When Is a New Thing a Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design, and Perceptions of Value for Product Innovations. Organization Science, Mar/Apr2007, Vol.18 Issue 2:217-232.
[137]陈汗青.产品设计[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005：56.
[138]付黎明.设计美学法则研究[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2008：86-129.
[139]付黎明.工业产品设计美学研究[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2012：38-99.
[140]何人可.工业设计心理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：88-163.
2 童鹰.现代科学技术史(修订版)[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2000：5.
3 宋应星.天工开物[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2002：10.
4 戴吾三.考工记图说[M].济南：山东画报出版社,2003：156.
5 Jones, Christophor J. Design Methods. John Wiley&Sons, Led[J].New York,1970(7):99.
5 韩超艳,姜敏.面向客户的产品设计非物质评价体系的建立[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,(9)：48-50.
7 李轶南.略论计算机技术对美国当代互动设计和工业设计教育的影响[J].美苑,2006(6)：74-76.
8 周济.智能设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998(4)：68.
9 ISO 9241-11.Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals(VDTS)-part 11:Guidance on usability[S].1998(6):152.
10 Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M].London:Basic Books. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,1988:158.
11 Haque B.U., Belecheanu R.A.,Barson RJ., Pawar K.S..Towards the application of case based reasoning to decision-making in concurrent product development (concurrent engineering) [J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2000(13):101-112.
12 Chun-Hsien Chen. Development of A Product Design Evaluation System [J]. University of Missouri-Columbia,1996(11):35.
13 Askiner Gungor, Surendra M. Gupta An Evaluation Methodology For Disassembly Processes [J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1997,33 (1):329-332.
14 Scot Leclerc, Ganesh Subbarayan. A Design for Assembly Evaluation Methodology for Photonic Systems.IEEE Transaction on Components[J]. Packaging, And Manufacturing Technology-Part C,1996,19(3):189-200.
15 王宗军.综合评价的方法/问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
16 曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
17 胡树华.产品创新管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：235-253.
18 朱永梅,王明强.机械产品设计综合评价的方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,6：70-74.
Kim Goodwin. Ten Ways To Kill Design[EB/OL]. [2005-5-08]. www.Uigarden.net.
19 刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,1：146.
20 程林能.工业设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：973.
21 鲁晓波.信息社会设计学科发展的新方向——信息设计[J].装饰,2001(6)：3-6.
23 章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007(2)：194-196.
24 冯涓,王介民.工业产品艺术造型设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：115-125.
25 章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007,2：194-196.
26 尚淼.工业产品造型设计中FUZZY综合评价体系的建立[J].包装工程,2004,25(5)：87-90.
27 王春鹏.绿色产品设计的模糊评价研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1)：99-105.
28 赵楠,于爱兵,路明村.机床造型质量的模糊层次综合评价[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9)：66-69.
29 朱龙英,朱如鹏,刘正埙.基于信息公理的产品设计方案评价方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005(6)：386-390.
30 付璐.汽车造型的艺术因素研究[J].包装工程,2007(11)：148-150.
31 赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生.层次分析法——一种简易的新决策方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：68.
32 燕,刘子建.基于中小型企业的工业产品设计评价体系研究[J].包装工程,2009(5)：135-137.
33 潘彦.绿色产品设计方案评价指标体系的建立[J].企业导报,2010(10)：241-242.
34 罗辉.实用产品设计经济分析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：110-120.
35 Chen.C.,H.Occena L.G.,Fok S.C..A concur rented design evaluation system for product design[J]. International Journal of Product Research,2001(3):413-433.
36 刘红旗,陈世兴.产品绿色度的综合评价棋型与方法体系[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1013-1016.
35 李峰,虎春,周雄辉.基于特征和约束的面向制造设计[J].机械研究与应用,1999,12(1)：35-37.
38 Kanis,H.Usage Centered Research for Everyday Product Design[J].Applied Ergonomics,1998:75-82.
36 张军,赵江洪.基于产品设计的意象尺度研究[J].装饰,2002,111(7)：21.
37 赵江洪,张军,孙宗禹.基于Internet的计算机辅助数控机床工业设计研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(5)：55-60.
41 Stephen Davies. The Philosophy of Art[J]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2006(1):267-283.
42 ,陆长德.基于多维情感语义空间的色彩表征方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报.2006,18(2)：289-294.
43 勇.设计管理——企业的产品识别设计[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007：81-101.
44张宪荣,张萱.工业设计导论[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1：81-81.
45 Jones, Christophor J.Design Methods[J]. New York John Wiley&Sons, Led.,1970.
46 Osgood,C.E.,Suci,G.H.,and Tannenbaum,P.H.,The Measurement of Meaning[M]. Urbana:University of Illinois Press.1957:1-355.
47 Zwicky F. The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1967: 273-297.
48 Owen,Charles L. An Algorithm for the Decomposition of Non-Directed Graphs[J] Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning,1970:133-146.
49 Hall, A. D., A Methodology for Systems Engineering[M]. N. J.:Van Nostrand Princeton,1962:121-132.
50 Tilly A R, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. The Measure of Man and Woman[M]. US:Watson-Guptill Publication, 1993:1-2.
51 Woodson,T.T., Introduction to Engineering Design[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Co.,1966:1-401.
52 Bovea, M.D., Vidal, R.. Increasing product value by integrating environmental impact[J]. costs and customer valuation,2004:133-145.
53 Kondoh, Masui, Hattori.. Total performance analysis of product life cycle considering the deterioration and obsolescence of product value[J]. International Journal of Product Development,2008:12-12.
54 Lee, Soon-Jong.The Linguistic Evaluation Method Using Fuzzy Set Tlllinois Institute of Techno logy [M].Chicogo:IL.,1984:3-20.
55 Thurston, Deborah L.. Subjective Design Evaluation with Multiple Attributes[J]Design Theory and Methodology-DTM,1990:355-361.
56 Mistree, Farrokh, Smith.. A Decision-Based Approachto Concurrent Design[J]. on current Engineering-Contemporary Issues and Modem Design Tool,1993:127-158.
57 田.产品造型设计方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：15-17.
58 翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械丁业出版社,2008：31.
59 衡.艺术设计美学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,1999：26.
60 中,何人可.工业设计史(第4版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2010：65-100.
61 参考董荪,钱昀.系统方法论在产品设计中的应用研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：62-64.
62 孔苓燕,谢庆森.浅谈系统设计在产品设计中的应用[J].设计,2013(6)：184-185.
63 俊.浅析系统科学下的工业产品设计观[J].科学之友,2009(11)：96-97.
64 野.系统论原理在产品设计中的应用[J].安徽文学,2007,(1)：51-52.
C.E. Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communication [J]. Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
66 侠,王方正.企业产品成本控制的研究与实践[J].机械管理开发,2012,(6)：195-196.
67 参考马玲.非连续创新与协同产品研发管理[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2007,11：62-74中图4-5绘制.
68 来源：Nonaka I. The ART of Knowledge:Systems to Capitalize on Market Knowledge[J]. European Management Journal,1998,16(6):673-684.
69 资料来源：Nonaka I., Toyama R. and Konno N. Leadership:A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33:5-34.
70 资料来源：根据芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红.协同设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,7：24中图2-5修改得到。
71 刘海滢.物流的价值空间分析[J].中州审计,2004(11)：52-53.
72 曼弗雷德·S·弗林斯.舍勒的心灵[M].上海：三联书店上海分店,2006(8)：19-34.
73 立.顾客价值——21世纪企业竞争优势的来源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007(4)：99。106.
74 Guan Shunfeng, Wang Min. Research on the Technology Innovation Policy of Chinese Creative Industry, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on product Innovation Management,2007,10:638-646.
75 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[M].上海：上海辞书出版社,2003：610.
76 蒋孔阳.美学新论[M].北北京：人民文学出版社,1993：46.
77 甘桥成,徐人平.产品设计的设计美学评价[J].设计艺术(山东工艺美术学院学报),2010(2)：75-78.
78 诸葛凯.设计艺术十讲[M].济南：山东美术出版社,2009：61.
79 Clive Belly. Art[M].BiblioBazaar,2007:17.
80 王晖,王莹，孙少林,等.论产品设计的形式审美[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,(16)：68.
81 李砚祖.工艺美术概论[M].中国轻工业出版社.1999年版,第95-97.
82 王海亚,孙高波.基于生活美学的工业设计应用探讨[J].艺术与设计(理论),2007(11)：128-130.
83 张兰成.谈产品设计美学中的技术美[J].科技经济市场,2007(7)：150-151.
84 蔡克中.论技术美学在现代产品设计中的体现与发展[J].包装工程,2008(11)：134-136.
85 阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
86 王章忠,李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003,(1)：21-22.
87 阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
88 王章忠.李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003(1)：21-22.
89 崔松等.企业时间成本含义探讨[J].财会通讯.2007(10)：34-35.
90 李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2007.9：17.
91 朱上上,罗仕鉴,赵江洪.基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(11)：56-58.
92 刘国余.设计管理(第二版[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2007：26.
93 蓝进.试论市场定位.产品定位和竞争定位之间的关系[J].商业研究,2007,366(7)：51-53.
[1]赵江洪.非物质、非物质主义和设计教育[J].北方美术2000,(4)：79.
[2]童鹰.现代科学技术史(修订版)[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2000：5.
[3]宋应星.天工开物[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2002：10.
[4]戴吾三.考工记图说[M].济南：山东画报出版社,2003：156.
[5]Jones, Christophor J. Design Methods. John Wiley&Sons, Led[J].New York,1970(7):99.
[6]韩超艳,姜敏.面向客户的产品设计非物质评价体系的建立[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,(9)：48-50.
[7]Chen.C., H.Occena L.G., Fok S. C..A concur rented design evaluation system for product design[J]. International Journal of Product Research,2001 (3):413-433.
[8]李轶南.略论计算机技术对美国当代互动设计和工业设计教育的影响[J].美苑,2006(6)：74-76.
[9]周济.智能设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998(4)：68.
[10]ISO 9241-11.Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTS)-part 11:Guidance on usability[S].1998 (6):152.
[11]Donald A. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things[M].London:Basic Books. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group,1988:158.
[12]Haque B.U., Belecheanu R.A.,Barson RJ., Pawar K.S..Towards the application of case based reasoning to decision-making in concurrent product development (concurrent engineering) [J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2000(13):101-112.
[13]Chun-Hsien Chen. Development of A Product Design Evaluation System [J]. University of Missouri-Columbia,1996(11):35.
[14]Askiner Gungor, Surendra M. Gupta An Evaluation Methodology For Disassembly Processes [J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering,1997,33 (1):329-332.
[15]Scot Leclerc, Ganesh Subbarayan. A Design for Assembly Evaluation Methodology for Photonic Systems. IEEE Transaction on Components[J]. Packaging, And Manufacturing Technology-Part C,1996,19(3):189-200.
[16]王宗军.综合评价的方法/问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
[17]曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
[18]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：235-253.
[19]朱永梅,王明强.机械产品设计综合评价的方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,6：70-74.
[20]程林能.工业设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：973.
[21]刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,1：146.
[22]鲁晓波.信息社会设计学科发展的新方向——信息设计[J].装饰,2001(6)：3-6.
[23]Kim Goodwin. Ten Ways To Kill Design[EB/OL]. [2005-5-08]. www.Uigarden.net.
[24]章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007(2)：194-196.
[25]冯涓,王介民.工业产品艺术造型设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：115-125.
[26]章文盛,韩春明,刘倩.影响产品造型设计的主要因素[J].中国集体经济,2007,2：194-196.
[27]尚淼.工业产品造型设计中FUZZY综合评价体系的建立[J].包装工程,2004,25(5)：87-90.
[28]雷险峰.产品设计经济研究[J].广西机械,2001(3)：8-13.
[29]王春鹏.绿色产品设计的模糊评价研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1)：99-105.
[30]赵楠,于爱兵,路明村.机床造型质量的模糊层次综合评价[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9)：66-69.
[31]朱龙英,朱如鹏,刘正埙.基于信息公理的产品设计方案评价方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005(6)：386-390.
[32]付璐.汽车造型的艺术因素研究[J].包装工程,2007(11)：148-150.
[33]赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生.层次分析法——一种简易的新决策方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：68.
[34]张红燕,刘子建.基于中小型企业的工业产品设计评价体系研究[J].包装工程,2009(5)：135-137.
[35]潘彦.绿色产品设计方案评价指标体系的建立[J].企业导报,2010(10)：241-242.
[36]罗辉.实用产品设计经济分析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：110-120.
[37]CHEN C H.OCCENA L G, FOK S C.A concur rented design evaluation system for product design [J]. Inter-national Journal of Product Research,2001(3):413-433.
[38]刘红旗,陈世兴.产品绿色度的综合评价棋型与方法体系[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9)：1013-1016.
[39]李峰,虎春,周雄辉.基于特征和约束的面向制造设计[J].机械研究与应用,1999,12(1)：35-37.
[40]Kanis, H. Usage Centered Research for Everyday Product Design[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1998:75-82.
[41]张军,赵江洪.基于产品设计的意象尺度研究[J].装饰,2002,111(7)：21.
[42J赵江洪,张军,孙宗禹.基于Internet的计算机辅助数控机床工业设计研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(5)：55-60.
[43]Stephen Davies. The Philosophy of Art[J]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2006(1):267-283.
[44]张全,陆长德.基于多维情感语义空间的色彩表征方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报.2006,18(2)：289-294.
[45]花景勇.设计管理——企业的产品识别设计[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007：81-101.
[46]张宪荣,张萱.工业设计导论[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1：81-81.
[47]Jones, Christophor J,. Design Methods[J]. New York John Wiley&Sons, Led.,1970.
[48]Osgood,C.E.,Suci,G.H., and Tannenbaurn,P.H.,The Measurement of Meaning[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1957:1-355.
[49]Zwicky F. The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,1967:273-297.
[50]Owen,Charles L.An Algorithm for the Decomposition of Non-Directed Graphs[J] Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning,1970:133-146.
[51]Hall, A. D., A Methodology for Systems Engineering[M]. N. J.:Van Nostrand Princeton,1962:121-132.
[52]Tilly A R, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. The Measure of Man and Woman[M]. US:Watson-Guptill Publication,1993:1-2.
[53]Woodson,T.T. Introduction to Engineering Design[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Co., 1966:1-401.
[54]Bovea, M.D., Vidal, R.. Increasing product value by integrating environmental impact[J]. costs and customer valuation,2004:133-145.
[55]Kondoh, Masui, Hattori.. Total performance analysis of product life cycle considering the deterioration and obsolescence of product value[J]. International Journal of Product Development,2008:12-12.
[56]Lee, Soon-Jong. The Linguistic Evaluation Method Using Fuzzy Set Tlllinois Institute of Technology[M].Chicogo:IL.,1984:3-20.
[57]Thurston, Deborah L.. Subjective Design Evaluation with Multiple Attributes[J]Design Theory and Methodology-DTM,1990:355-361.
[58]Mistree, Farrokh, Smith..A Decision-Based Approachto Concurrent Design[J]. on current Engineering-Contemporary Issues and Modern Design Tool,1993:127-158.
[59]刘刚田.产品造型设计方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010：15-17.
[60]刘永翔.产品设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：31.
[61]陈望衡.艺术设计美学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,1999：26.
[62]柳冠中,何人可.工业设计史(第4版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2010：65-100.
[63]董荪,钱昀.系统方法论在产品设计中的应用研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：62-64.
[64]孔苓燕,谢庆森.浅谈系统设计在产品设计中的应用[J].设计,2013(6)：184-185.
[65]林东俊.浅析系统科学下的工业产品设计观[J].科学之友,2009(11)：96-97.
[66]祁春野.系统论原理在产品设计中的应用[J].安徽文学,2007,(1)：51-52.
[67]C.E. Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communication[J]. Bell System Technical Journal, 1948,27(3):379-423.
[68]范海侠,王方正.企业产品成本控制的研究与实践[J].机械管理开发,2012,(6)：195-196.
[69]马玲.非连续创新与协同产品研发管理[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2007：62-74.
[70]Nonaka I. The ART of Knowledge:Systems to Capitalize on Market Knowledge[J]. European Management Journal,1998,16(6):673-684.
[71]Nonaka I., Toyama R. and Konno N. Leadership:A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J]. Long Range Planning,2000:5-34.
[72]芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红.协同设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,7：24.
[73]刘海滢.物流的价值空间分析[J].中州审计,2004(11)：52-53.
[74]曼弗雷德·S·弗林斯.舍勒的心灵[M].上海：三联书店上海分店,2006(8)：19-34.
[75]张明立.顾客价值——21世纪企业竞争优势的来源[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007(4)：99-106.
[76]Guan Shunfeng, Wang Min. Research on the Technology Innovation Policy of Chinese Creative Industry, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on product Innovation Management,2007,10:638-646.
[77]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[M].上海：上海辞书出版社,2003：610.
[78]蒋孔阳.美学新论[M].北京：人民文学出版社,1993：46.
[79]甘桥成,徐人平.产品设计的设计美学评价[J].设计艺术(山东工艺美术学院学报),2010(2)：75-78.
[80]诸葛凯.设计艺术十讲[M].济南：山东美术出版社,2009：61.
[81]Clive Belly. Art[M].BiblioBazaar,2007:17.
[82]王晖,王莹,孙少林,等.论产品设计的形式审美[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,(16)：68.
[83]王海亚,孙高波.基于生活美学的工业设计应用探讨[J].艺术与设计(理论),2007(11)：128-130.
[84]张兰成.谈产品设计美学中的技术美[J].科技经济市场,2007(7)：150-151.
[85]蔡克中.论技术美学在现代产品设计中的体现与发展[J].包装工程,2008(11)：134-136.
[86]阮宝缃.工业设计机械基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：256-257.
[87]王章忠,李芳.具有价值工程意识的材料选择原则[J].机械设计,2003(1)：21-22.
[88]李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2007.9：17.
[89]朱上上,罗仕鉴,赵江洪.基于人机工程的数控机床造型意象尺度研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(11)：56-58
[90]蓝进.试论市场定位.产品定位和竞争定位之间的关系[J].商业研究,2007,366(7)：51-53.
[91]Gallouj F,. Weinatein O.. Innovation in services[J].Research Policy,1997,26(5):537-556.
[92]Fan Xiu-min. Ma Deng-zhe, YanJun-qi, et al. Research and application of simulation and Optimization technologies in virtual Product manufacturing Planning[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2001,7(8):41-43.
[93]Forster,J., Cartmell,M., and Fothergill,P, et al. Design Methodologies in Mechanical Engineering Supported by Artificial Intelligence Techniques [J].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Industrial& Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems,1990,90 (2):819-827.
[94]Ryan,. Kevin,. and Harty,Niamh, et al. Supporting Choice and Evaluation in Preliminary Design[J].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Industrial&Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence&Expert Systems,1990,90 (2):809-818.
[95]Pahl,G,. Beitz,W.. Engineering Design[M].New York:The Design Council,Spring-Verlag, 1984:107-145.
[96]Ishii,K., Barkan,P.. Design Compatibility Analysis:a framework for expert systems in mechanical system design[J]. ASME Computers in Engineering,1987:95-102.
[97]Dong, Zhongyuan. Evaluating Design Alternatives and Fuzzy Operations. International Conference on Engineering Design-ICED 87,Bostom,MA.,August 17-20,1987:322-329.
[98]王宗军.综合评价的方法、问题及其研究趋势[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：75-79.
[99]曹岩,王宏.产品设计综合评价原理、体系结构和方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2001,13(1)：34-39.
[100]Hall, A.D. A Methodology for Systems Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J.,1962: 121-132.
[101]Wolstenholme E F. The use of system dynamics as a tool for intermediate level teehnology evaluation:three case studies[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology management,2003,20(2):193-204.
[102]杨西惠,陆长德,王芳等.产品设计的评价与管理[J].装备制造,2009,11：139-143.
[103]李文强,李彦,熊艳.产品设计方案总体性能评价模型及应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009(7)：233-239.
[104]Paasch R.K., Ruf D.N. Evaluation of Failure Diagnosis in Conceptual Design of Mechanical Systems[J] Journal of Mechanical Design.1997,119(3):57-64.
[105]Huizhong Wu, Fang Wang, Xia Zhang, Nian He.A Model of Inexact Reasoning in Mechanical Design Evaluation[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,1996,(10): 357-362.
[106]Christine W.Chan, Patrick Lau. Representation User in Engineering Design Domains Using an Enhanced Weighted Fuzzy Reasoning Algorithm[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering.1999(13):1-10.
[107]梁庆华,邹妞君,王石刚等.概念设计中机构选型的智能学习[J].模式识别与人工智能.1999,12(2)：137-141.
[108]曾任仁,郑智龙.用层次分析法确定工业设计评价指标、要素的权值模型研究[J].工程图学学报.2000,21(2)：96.1：96-98.
[109]Philippe Dequid, Bi-Matching. A New Preference Assessment Method to Reduce Compatibility Efects[J]. Management Sciences.1997,43(5):640-658.
[110]Hossein Saiedian, Kalyani Chennupati. Towards an Evaluative Framework For Software Process Improvement Models[J].The Journal of Systems and Software,1999(47): 139-148.
[111]杨明洁.以产品设计为核心的品牌战略：杨明洁设计实录2从西门子到Y-TOWN[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2008(10)：156.
[112]赵得成.产品造型设计.从形态的概念设计到实现[M].北京：海洋出版社,2010,2：110-113.
[113]王坤茜,林捷晖,徐人平.设计数学在产品界面设计中的应用[J].包装工程,2006,27(4)：214-215.
[114]赵占西.产品造型设计材料与工艺[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008,8：36-38.
[115]李锋,吴丹,李飞.从构成走向产品设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,6：110-115.
[116]Erin Faith MacDonald. The Construction of Preference in Engineering Design and Implications for Green Products[D] The University of Michigan.2008:89.
[117]Hua-Cheng Chang, Hsin-Hsi Lai, Yu-Ming Chang. Expression modes used byconsumers in conveying desire for product form:A case study of a car [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006(36):3-10.
[118]Chamorro-Koc. Using visual representation of concepts to explore users and designers' concepts of everyday product [J]. Design Studies.2008,29(2):142-159.
[119]Karl T Ulrich, Steven D Eppinger. Product Design and Development[M]. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,2004:196-207.
[120](美)Karl T. Ulrich, Steven D. Eppinger产品设计与开发.高等教育出版社,2005：46-47.
[121]俞嘉华.关于比例在确定产品形态过程中的应用及思考[J].艺术与设计,2007(8)：147-149.
[122]尹定邦,柳冠中.设计方法论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2011：60-68.
[123]唐纳德·A·诺曼(Donald Arthur Norman)著.欧秋杏,何笑梅译.设计心理3：情感设计[M].北京：中信出版社,2012,6.
[124]Ruth Mugge. Product design and apparent usability. The influence of novelty in product appearance [J].Applied Ergonomics,2012,43(6):365-367.
[125]Hsin-Hsi Lai, Chien-Hsu Chen. Product design evaluation model of child car seat using gray relational analysis [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2009 (23):128-135.
[126]Mugge Ruth. Schoormans Jan P L.Product design and apparent usability [J]. The influence of novelty in product appearance. Applied ergonomics,2012,43 (6):1081-1088.
[127]JingRong Li, QingHui Wang, Ping Huang.An integrated disassembly constraint generation approach for product design evaluation. Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2012, Vol.25:685-689.
[128]Stephen Brewster. The design of sonically-enhanced widgets. [J].Interacting with Computers,1998,11(2):367-380.
[129]Nigel Bevan, Quality in Use:Meeting User Needs for Quality[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,1999,(49):89-96.
[130]王受之.世界工业设计史略[M].上海：上海人民美术出版社,1999：92-99.
[131]Christine W.Chan, Patrick Lau. Representation User in Engineering Design Domains Using an Enhanced Weighted Fuzzy Reasoning Algorithm[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering.1999,(13):1-10.
[132]Jae Kyeong Kim, Kyung Sam Park. Modeling a Class of Decision Problems Using Artificial Neural Networks[J]. Expert Systems With Application.1997,12(2):195-208.
[133]邹开其,李正吾.综合评判的神经网络方法摸糊系统与数学[J].1998,12(4)：20-25.
[134]陈为.基于农机产品设计质量模型综合评价法的研究[J].农业机械学报.1999,30(1)：97-100.
[135]Vlahavas I., Stamelos I., Refanidis L, Tsoukia s A. ESSE:An Expert System for Software Evaluation[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,1999 (12):183-197.
[136]Rindova, Violina P.; Petkova, Antoaneta P. When Is a New Thing a Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design, and Perceptions of Value for Product Innovations. Organization Science, Mar/Apr2007, Vol.18 Issue 2:217-232.
[137]陈汗青.产品设计[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005：56.
[138]付黎明.设计美学法则研究[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2008：86-129.
[139]付黎明.工业产品设计美学研究[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2012：38-99.
[140]何人可.工业设计心理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：88-163.