图示化电力软件与AutoCAD的接口研究
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摘要
随着电力建设的发展，电力系统的规模越来越大，结构也越来越复杂，电力系统计算分析的工作量也日趋庞大，而现有的计算软件由于受当时的开发环境所限，普遍存在着人机界面不友好、数据录入及管理不方便、使用方法不易掌握等缺点。可视化计算和数字仿真是电力系统应用软件的发展趋势，而图形系统是可视化计算中的一个重要组成部分。在“地区电网短路计算、保护整定及档案管理程序的研究”项目中，采用对AutoCAD进行二次开发来获得所需要的图形系统。
AutoCAD是一套具有开放体系结构的通用绘图软件，它具有良好的二次开发特性。本文介绍了对AutoCAD进行二次开发的基础、开发的内容和常用方法，并比较了各个方法的优缺点，说明了定制的优越性和必要性。ActiveX Automation技术是一个完全面向对象的技术，AutoCAD的绝大数功能都均以方法和属性的方式被封装在AutoCAD的ActiveX对象中。利用ActiveX对象，编程者可以通过编程手段从AutoCAD的内部或外部来操纵AutoCAD。AutoCAD的事件过程是由AutoCAD发出的公告或信息，它通知你当前进程中的状态或警告你某事的发生。可以在类模块声明一个带事件的文档或程序类型的对象来使用AutoCAD的事件。本文采用ActiveX技术，创建电气元件菜单和工具栏，方便用户绘制电力系统网络接线图；利用AutoCAD事件，实现图形数据的一体化，从而可以使用户在图形上操作和管理数据库以及计算的可视化操作；利用AutoCAD的图形和文本对象来自动绘制短路电流分布图和保护整定图。
With significant development of power construction, the scale of power system is becoming much bigger and the structure more complicated, which leads to more difficult calculation and analysis concerned with power system. And the current software was limited by past development environment, resulting in a series of problems such as unfriendly man-machine interfaces, inconvenience of data inputting and management and not-easy-grasp using method. The visual calculation and data simulation discussed here are the trends in the field of the applications in power system. Graphics system is one of important component parts of visual calculation. In the project of local power network short-circuit calculation, protection coupling and archive management, a second-exploitation of AutoCAD is used to get an expected Graphics system.
AutoCAD is a general-used drawing software with opened system structure and good characteristic of further development. This paper introduces the principle, contents and common means of second-exploitation of AutoCAD. Each means is also compared with and the superiority and necessity of special designing are paid attention to. ActiveX Automation technology is fully object-oriented and most functions of AutoCAD are encapsulated in ActiveX object of AutoCAD in the form of means and property. Using ActiveX, the programmer can control AutoCAD outside or inside AutoCAD by programming. Events are notifications, or messages, that are sent out by AutoCAD to inform you about the current state of the session, or alert you that something has happened. Before you can use events of AutoCAD you must create a new class module and declare an object of type AcadApplication or AcadDocument with events. Based on the ActiveX technology, electric component menus and toolbars are created in this paper, with which a net wiring diagram for power electronics system is drawn. Take advantage of AutoCAD events, it is easy to fully carry out the consistency between graphics and data, from which users can manage databases and visual operation on graphics. The graphics about short-circuit current distribution and protection coupling are auto-drawn by using the AutoCAD entity and text objects.
AutoCAD是一套具有开放体系结构的通用绘图软件，它具有良好的二次开发特性。本文介绍了对AutoCAD进行二次开发的基础、开发的内容和常用方法，并比较了各个方法的优缺点，说明了定制的优越性和必要性。ActiveX Automation技术是一个完全面向对象的技术，AutoCAD的绝大数功能都均以方法和属性的方式被封装在AutoCAD的ActiveX对象中。利用ActiveX对象，编程者可以通过编程手段从AutoCAD的内部或外部来操纵AutoCAD。AutoCAD的事件过程是由AutoCAD发出的公告或信息，它通知你当前进程中的状态或警告你某事的发生。可以在类模块声明一个带事件的文档或程序类型的对象来使用AutoCAD的事件。本文采用ActiveX技术，创建电气元件菜单和工具栏，方便用户绘制电力系统网络接线图；利用AutoCAD事件，实现图形数据的一体化，从而可以使用户在图形上操作和管理数据库以及计算的可视化操作；利用AutoCAD的图形和文本对象来自动绘制短路电流分布图和保护整定图。
With significant development of power construction, the scale of power system is becoming much bigger and the structure more complicated, which leads to more difficult calculation and analysis concerned with power system. And the current software was limited by past development environment, resulting in a series of problems such as unfriendly man-machine interfaces, inconvenience of data inputting and management and not-easy-grasp using method. The visual calculation and data simulation discussed here are the trends in the field of the applications in power system. Graphics system is one of important component parts of visual calculation. In the project of local power network short-circuit calculation, protection coupling and archive management, a second-exploitation of AutoCAD is used to get an expected Graphics system.
AutoCAD is a general-used drawing software with opened system structure and good characteristic of further development. This paper introduces the principle, contents and common means of second-exploitation of AutoCAD. Each means is also compared with and the superiority and necessity of special designing are paid attention to. ActiveX Automation technology is fully object-oriented and most functions of AutoCAD are encapsulated in ActiveX object of AutoCAD in the form of means and property. Using ActiveX, the programmer can control AutoCAD outside or inside AutoCAD by programming. Events are notifications, or messages, that are sent out by AutoCAD to inform you about the current state of the session, or alert you that something has happened. Before you can use events of AutoCAD you must create a new class module and declare an object of type AcadApplication or AcadDocument with events. Based on the ActiveX technology, electric component menus and toolbars are created in this paper, with which a net wiring diagram for power electronics system is drawn. Take advantage of AutoCAD events, it is easy to fully carry out the consistency between graphics and data, from which users can manage databases and visual operation on graphics. The graphics about short-circuit current distribution and protection coupling are auto-drawn by using the AutoCAD entity and text objects.
引文
[1] 韩祯祥，吕捷，邱家马．科学计算可视化及其在电力系统中的应用前景．电网技术，1996，20(7)：22～27
[2] 闵勇，孙希健．电力系统动态过程的可视化方法研究．电网技术，2001，25(11)：23～26
[3] James D.Weber, Thomas J. Overbye. Voltage Contours for Power System Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(1): 404～409
[4] J.Gronquist, W. Sethares, F. Alvarado et al. Animated Vectors for Visualization of Power System Phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 267～273
[5] 乔毅，孙岩，焦连伟等．可视化输配电网状态分析软件包的开发与实现．电网技术，2001，25(2)：1～5
[6] Joong-Rin Shin, Wook-Hwa Lee, Dong-Hae Im. A Windows-based Interactive and Graphic Package for the Education and Training of Power System Analysis and Operation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(4): 1193～1199
[7] 王之栋，房鑫炎，赵杰平．基于图形界面的110kv电网继电保护开关状态仿真系统。电力自动化设备，2001，21(3)：8～10
[8] 吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰等．面向对象的电网零序保护整定计算CAD系统的研究．电力系统自动化，1997，21(11)：7～9
[9] 韩肖清，靳力，阎有朋．图形化故障计算软件的开发．电力系统自动化，2001，25(4)：70—71
[10] 朱永利，翟万生，张重远．界面图形化的电力系统短路计算智能系统．电力系统自动化，1997，21(11)：54—56
[11] 王鸿雁．基于图形界面的电力系统分析软件的研究与开发．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002，14(4)：80～84
[12] 彭腾顺，马亚明，李扬等．图形化电力系统分析软件的研究．电网技术，1998，22(12)：20～23
[13] 吴斌，彭晓兰，刘沛等．一种图形生成与管理系统的研究及实现．电网技术，1996，20(4)：49～51
[14] 王兴，朱文东，谢开等．可视化的微机电网操作模拟软件包．电网技术，1995 19(8)：48～50
[15] James D.McCalley, Shimo Wang, Roger T. Treinen et al. Security Boundary Visualization for System Operation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
1997，12(2)：940～947
[16] 许诺，黄民翔，徐瑞德．可视化配电网线损理论计算程序的开发．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：39～42
[17] 刘志雄，邝以云，方富淇．电力系统可视化潮流与无功优化计算．电力自动化设备，2001，21(6)：45～46
[18] 刘秀琴，陈超英，常光宇．电力系统可视化图形生成系统．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：32～35
[19] 张树华，方富淇．电力系统可视化短路电流计算．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：69～71
[20] David C. Yu, Haijun Liu, Fengjun Wu. A GUI Based Visualization Tool for Sequence Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(1): 34～39
[21] Jian Yang, Max D Anderson. PowerGraf: An Educational Software Package for Power Systems Analysis and Design. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(4): 1205～1210
[22] Pramod M. Mahadev, Richard D. Christie. Minimizing Users Interaction in Energy Management Systems: Task Adaptive Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(3): 1607～1612
[23] Defanti T A, Brown M D, McCormick B H. Visualization Scientific and Engineering Research Opportunities. IEEE Computer, 1989, 22(8): 12～25
[24] S. Li, S. M. Shahidehpour. An Object Oriented Power System Graphics Package for Personal Computer Environment. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1993, 8(3): 1271～1275
[25] D. C. Yu, D. Chen. A Windows Based Graphical Package for Symmetrical Components Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1994, 10(4): 1742～1749
[26] Gilberto Pires de Azervedo, Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza, Bruno Feij. Enhancing the Human-Computer Interface of Power System Application. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(2): 646～653
[27] 孔华东，蔡泽祥，邹俊雄等．电力系统继电保护信息管理的图形化平台．继电器，2002 30(5)：25～28
[28] A.M.Gole, O.B.Nayak, T.S.Sidhu et al. A Graphical Electromagnetic Simulation Laboratory for Power Systems Engineering Programs. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(2): 599～606
[29] 孔华东，陈兴华，蔡泽祥等．面向对象的发电厂继电保护技术管理与培训系统．电力自动化设备，2001，21(4)：33～36
[30] 袁斌，马维新，彭喜明等．图形方式短路电流计算软件的研究．电力系统 自动化，1997，21(3)：43～46
[31] 蔡泽祥，刘桂喜，孔华东等．发电厂继电保护可视化整定与定值管理系统．继电器，2000，28(6)：1～3
[32] 刘秀玲，陈超英．配电网地理信息系统数据库设计与图形绘制。电力系统自动化，2001，25(10)：61-63
[33] 邹俊雄，蔡泽祥，孔华东等．基于图形平台的电力系统继电保护动作逻辑仿真．电力系统自动化，2002，26(8)：61～64
[34] 王新然，王心丰．基于AutoCAD的EMS／DTS图形系统．电力自动化设备，2002，22(3)：36～38
[35] Z.L.Gaing, C.N.Lu, B.S.Chang et al. An Object-Oriented Approach for Implementing Power System Restoration Package. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 483～489
[36] Ming-Tong Tsay, Shun-Yu Chan. A Personal Computer Graphical Environment for Industrial Distribution System Education, Design and Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 472～476
[37] 郑莉，董渊，傅仕星．C++语言程序设计．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[38] 郭朝勇．AutoCAD R14(中文版)二次开发技术。第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[39] 张志利．AutoCAD2000定制与开发手册．第一版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，2000
[40] 邹俊昌，李旭东．AutoCAD ObjectARX 2000开发技术指南．第一版。北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[41] 张国宝．AutoCAD Visual Basic开发技术．第一版．北京：科学出版社，2000
[42] 王钰．用VBA开发AutoCAD 2000应用程序．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[2] 闵勇，孙希健．电力系统动态过程的可视化方法研究．电网技术，2001，25(11)：23～26
[3] James D.Weber, Thomas J. Overbye. Voltage Contours for Power System Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(1): 404～409
[4] J.Gronquist, W. Sethares, F. Alvarado et al. Animated Vectors for Visualization of Power System Phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 267～273
[5] 乔毅，孙岩，焦连伟等．可视化输配电网状态分析软件包的开发与实现．电网技术，2001，25(2)：1～5
[6] Joong-Rin Shin, Wook-Hwa Lee, Dong-Hae Im. A Windows-based Interactive and Graphic Package for the Education and Training of Power System Analysis and Operation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(4): 1193～1199
[7] 王之栋，房鑫炎，赵杰平．基于图形界面的110kv电网继电保护开关状态仿真系统。电力自动化设备，2001，21(3)：8～10
[8] 吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰等．面向对象的电网零序保护整定计算CAD系统的研究．电力系统自动化，1997，21(11)：7～9
[9] 韩肖清，靳力，阎有朋．图形化故障计算软件的开发．电力系统自动化，2001，25(4)：70—71
[10] 朱永利，翟万生，张重远．界面图形化的电力系统短路计算智能系统．电力系统自动化，1997，21(11)：54—56
[11] 王鸿雁．基于图形界面的电力系统分析软件的研究与开发．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002，14(4)：80～84
[12] 彭腾顺，马亚明，李扬等．图形化电力系统分析软件的研究．电网技术，1998，22(12)：20～23
[13] 吴斌，彭晓兰，刘沛等．一种图形生成与管理系统的研究及实现．电网技术，1996，20(4)：49～51
[14] 王兴，朱文东，谢开等．可视化的微机电网操作模拟软件包．电网技术，1995 19(8)：48～50
[15] James D.McCalley, Shimo Wang, Roger T. Treinen et al. Security Boundary Visualization for System Operation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
1997，12(2)：940～947
[16] 许诺，黄民翔，徐瑞德．可视化配电网线损理论计算程序的开发．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：39～42
[17] 刘志雄，邝以云，方富淇．电力系统可视化潮流与无功优化计算．电力自动化设备，2001，21(6)：45～46
[18] 刘秀琴，陈超英，常光宇．电力系统可视化图形生成系统．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：32～35
[19] 张树华，方富淇．电力系统可视化短路电流计算．电力系统及其自动化学报，2001，13(5)：69～71
[20] David C. Yu, Haijun Liu, Fengjun Wu. A GUI Based Visualization Tool for Sequence Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(1): 34～39
[21] Jian Yang, Max D Anderson. PowerGraf: An Educational Software Package for Power Systems Analysis and Design. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(4): 1205～1210
[22] Pramod M. Mahadev, Richard D. Christie. Minimizing Users Interaction in Energy Management Systems: Task Adaptive Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(3): 1607～1612
[23] Defanti T A, Brown M D, McCormick B H. Visualization Scientific and Engineering Research Opportunities. IEEE Computer, 1989, 22(8): 12～25
[24] S. Li, S. M. Shahidehpour. An Object Oriented Power System Graphics Package for Personal Computer Environment. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1993, 8(3): 1271～1275
[25] D. C. Yu, D. Chen. A Windows Based Graphical Package for Symmetrical Components Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1994, 10(4): 1742～1749
[26] Gilberto Pires de Azervedo, Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza, Bruno Feij. Enhancing the Human-Computer Interface of Power System Application. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(2): 646～653
[27] 孔华东，蔡泽祥，邹俊雄等．电力系统继电保护信息管理的图形化平台．继电器，2002 30(5)：25～28
[28] A.M.Gole, O.B.Nayak, T.S.Sidhu et al. A Graphical Electromagnetic Simulation Laboratory for Power Systems Engineering Programs. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(2): 599～606
[29] 孔华东，陈兴华，蔡泽祥等．面向对象的发电厂继电保护技术管理与培训系统．电力自动化设备，2001，21(4)：33～36
[30] 袁斌，马维新，彭喜明等．图形方式短路电流计算软件的研究．电力系统 自动化，1997，21(3)：43～46
[31] 蔡泽祥，刘桂喜，孔华东等．发电厂继电保护可视化整定与定值管理系统．继电器，2000，28(6)：1～3
[32] 刘秀玲，陈超英．配电网地理信息系统数据库设计与图形绘制。电力系统自动化，2001，25(10)：61-63
[33] 邹俊雄，蔡泽祥，孔华东等．基于图形平台的电力系统继电保护动作逻辑仿真．电力系统自动化，2002，26(8)：61～64
[34] 王新然，王心丰．基于AutoCAD的EMS／DTS图形系统．电力自动化设备，2002，22(3)：36～38
[35] Z.L.Gaing, C.N.Lu, B.S.Chang et al. An Object-Oriented Approach for Implementing Power System Restoration Package. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 483～489
[36] Ming-Tong Tsay, Shun-Yu Chan. A Personal Computer Graphical Environment for Industrial Distribution System Education, Design and Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 472～476
[37] 郑莉，董渊，傅仕星．C++语言程序设计．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[38] 郭朝勇．AutoCAD R14(中文版)二次开发技术。第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[39] 张志利．AutoCAD2000定制与开发手册．第一版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，2000
[40] 邹俊昌，李旭东．AutoCAD ObjectARX 2000开发技术指南．第一版。北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[41] 张国宝．AutoCAD Visual Basic开发技术．第一版．北京：科学出版社，2000
[42] 王钰．用VBA开发AutoCAD 2000应用程序．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999