高综合性能烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体工业生产关键技术基础研究
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摘要
本文研究了添加Gd、Ho、Dy2O3对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的显微组织和磁性能的影响；分析了双面冷却及速凝薄带Nd-Fe-B合金铸锭显微组织的特点；通过优化合金成分,调节关键工艺参数,在工业生产线上,批量试制了42SH、38UH、35EH三种中、高牌号的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体。
添加一定数量的Gd或Ho,对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的显微组织和性能有较大的影响。添加适量的Gd或Ho,有效地抑制了Nd-Fe-B合金铸锭中α-Fe相的形成,促进了Nd2Fe14B柱状晶的生长,使富Nd相分布均匀；在一定程度上细化了磁体的晶粒,使磁体具有较为精细均匀的显微组织,致密化程度高,孔洞等缺陷少；能较大幅度提高内禀矫顽力,但使剩余磁感应强度和磁能积略有下降,能显著改善磁体的温度稳定性和抗腐蚀性；添加Gd或较少数量的Ho能使磁体的J-H退磁曲线方形度明显提高,但添加较多数量的Ho却使磁体的J-H退磁曲线方形度明显降低。
添加一定数量的Dy203,对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的显微组织、取向度和磁性能有较大的影响。添加适量的Dy2O3, Dy2O3中的Dy进入Nd2Fe14B相,提高了Nd2Fe14B相的各向异性场,从而可显著提高内禀矫顽力,较好地改善了J-H退磁曲线方形度,但使剩余磁感应强度和磁能积略有下降；当添加较多数量的Dy203时,磁体的致密化程度会下降；随着添加Dy203数量的增多,磁体的取向度呈上升的趋势,在添加Dy203数量大于1.2%时,取向度有明显的提高。
在工业生产线上,通过优化合金成分设计、改进合金铸锭技术、合金粉末制备技术和磁场取向成型技术以及烧结技术,结合前期已经取得的试验结果,应用国内工业生产烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体通用的各类原材料及设备,实现了42SH、38UH及35EH三种中、高牌号烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的批量生产,试制的磁体经用户使用后,满足了用户的应用要求。试制的三种中、高牌号的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体皆不含稀贵金属Tb,有利于降低生产成本,提高产品的市场竞争力。
Effects of Gd, Ho or Dy2O3 additions on the microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated. Based on the analysis of the microstructure features of book-like and scale-like Nd-Fe-B alloy ingots, 42SH,38UH, and 35EH high-performance sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets have been successfully mass-produced by optimizing the compositions and key process parameters.
There was a certain influence on the microstructure and properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets when a certain amount of Gd or Ho was added. After adding the right amount of Gd or Ho, the formation ofα-Fe phase was inhibited in Nd-Fe-B alloy ingots, the growth of Nd2Fe14B column crystals was promoted, the Nd-rich phase was uniformly distributed. The magnetic grains were refined to some extent, the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was fine and uniform, the defects, such as holes, were reduced so that sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets became more compact. Adding Gd or Ho could dramatically increase the intrinsic coercivity, slightly decrease the remanence and energy product, significantly improve the thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Addding Gd or small amount of Ho could greatly improve the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve, but adding excessive Ho could greatly decreaseed the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve.
There was a certain influence on the microstructure, orientation degree, and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets when a certain amount of Dy2O3 was added. After adding the right amount of Dy2O3, Dy could enter the matrix phase, which enhanced the anisotropy field of the matrix phase, so the intrinsic coercivity was significantly improved, and the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve was greatly improved, but the remanence and energy product were slightly decreased. With the incresing Dy2O3 amount, the density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet was decreased, and the orientation degree of magnet was significantly improved with more than 1.2%Dy2O3 additions.
With some experimental results obtained earlier, the raw materials and the equipment generally used in domestic industrial production of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, We produced three kinds of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets-42SH, 38UH and 35EH by optimizing the compositions, improving the techniques of alloy ingots, preparation of alloy powders, magnetic field orientation and molding, and sintering. After being applied, they met the application requirements of user. At the same time, three high-performance sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets did not contain Tb so that they saved production cost and improved the market competitions.
添加一定数量的Gd或Ho,对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的显微组织和性能有较大的影响。添加适量的Gd或Ho,有效地抑制了Nd-Fe-B合金铸锭中α-Fe相的形成,促进了Nd2Fe14B柱状晶的生长,使富Nd相分布均匀；在一定程度上细化了磁体的晶粒,使磁体具有较为精细均匀的显微组织,致密化程度高,孔洞等缺陷少；能较大幅度提高内禀矫顽力,但使剩余磁感应强度和磁能积略有下降,能显著改善磁体的温度稳定性和抗腐蚀性；添加Gd或较少数量的Ho能使磁体的J-H退磁曲线方形度明显提高,但添加较多数量的Ho却使磁体的J-H退磁曲线方形度明显降低。
添加一定数量的Dy203,对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的显微组织、取向度和磁性能有较大的影响。添加适量的Dy2O3, Dy2O3中的Dy进入Nd2Fe14B相,提高了Nd2Fe14B相的各向异性场,从而可显著提高内禀矫顽力,较好地改善了J-H退磁曲线方形度,但使剩余磁感应强度和磁能积略有下降；当添加较多数量的Dy203时,磁体的致密化程度会下降；随着添加Dy203数量的增多,磁体的取向度呈上升的趋势,在添加Dy203数量大于1.2%时,取向度有明显的提高。
在工业生产线上,通过优化合金成分设计、改进合金铸锭技术、合金粉末制备技术和磁场取向成型技术以及烧结技术,结合前期已经取得的试验结果,应用国内工业生产烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体通用的各类原材料及设备,实现了42SH、38UH及35EH三种中、高牌号烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的批量生产,试制的磁体经用户使用后,满足了用户的应用要求。试制的三种中、高牌号的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体皆不含稀贵金属Tb,有利于降低生产成本,提高产品的市场竞争力。
Effects of Gd, Ho or Dy2O3 additions on the microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated. Based on the analysis of the microstructure features of book-like and scale-like Nd-Fe-B alloy ingots, 42SH,38UH, and 35EH high-performance sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets have been successfully mass-produced by optimizing the compositions and key process parameters.
There was a certain influence on the microstructure and properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets when a certain amount of Gd or Ho was added. After adding the right amount of Gd or Ho, the formation ofα-Fe phase was inhibited in Nd-Fe-B alloy ingots, the growth of Nd2Fe14B column crystals was promoted, the Nd-rich phase was uniformly distributed. The magnetic grains were refined to some extent, the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was fine and uniform, the defects, such as holes, were reduced so that sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets became more compact. Adding Gd or Ho could dramatically increase the intrinsic coercivity, slightly decrease the remanence and energy product, significantly improve the thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Addding Gd or small amount of Ho could greatly improve the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve, but adding excessive Ho could greatly decreaseed the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve.
There was a certain influence on the microstructure, orientation degree, and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets when a certain amount of Dy2O3 was added. After adding the right amount of Dy2O3, Dy could enter the matrix phase, which enhanced the anisotropy field of the matrix phase, so the intrinsic coercivity was significantly improved, and the squareness of J-H demagnetization curve was greatly improved, but the remanence and energy product were slightly decreased. With the incresing Dy2O3 amount, the density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet was decreased, and the orientation degree of magnet was significantly improved with more than 1.2%Dy2O3 additions.
With some experimental results obtained earlier, the raw materials and the equipment generally used in domestic industrial production of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, We produced three kinds of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets-42SH, 38UH and 35EH by optimizing the compositions, improving the techniques of alloy ingots, preparation of alloy powders, magnetic field orientation and molding, and sintering. After being applied, they met the application requirements of user. At the same time, three high-performance sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets did not contain Tb so that they saved production cost and improved the market competitions.
引文
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