基于阻抗分析的构件结构损伤检测技术研究
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摘要
机电阻抗技术是一种很有前景的无损检测的新技术。该技术利用压电材料具有正、逆压电效应,既可以作驱动器又可以作传感器的特性,通过检测对比损伤前后压电陶瓷片的电阻抗来实现对损伤的诊断。本文进行的是利用压电智能材料是机电阻抗特性对构造物进行损伤检测和分析的研究。
本文先是通过与传统无损检测方法的对比介绍了机电阻抗技术用于结构无损检测和健康监测的独特优点(即特别适用于对微小损伤的检测),该技术的国内外研究现状以及其用于无损检测的理论基础。推导出基于机电耦合效应的构造物机械阻抗和PZT电阻抗的关系。随后运用有限元分析方法对其进行了分析和实验验证。利用有限元分析软件对单个PZT、粘贴在铝梁上的PZT分别做了关于阻抗/导纳频谱、阻抗实部/阻抗虚部频谱、导纳实部/导纳虚部频谱的压电分析并与实验结果进行了相应对比。得出基于有限元分析软件的有限元分析法所得结果能够很好的和实验所测结果的频谱趋势、波峰处幅值以及波峰处频率相吻合。最后还利用其特性做了模拟实际工作情况和设计实验的研究。其中包括：阻抗应答实验、自由梁裂纹损伤实验、固定梁裂纹损伤实验、螺栓松紧实验、PZT粘贴位置对测量结果的影响实验以及加载实验。并利用损伤指数DI对其各损伤进行了判定,验证了机电阻抗技术是一种无损检测的好方法；对加载设计实验进行了一定的分析,对其需要进一步的研究以获得更好的结果。
研究表明,机电阻抗技术能够实现损伤的检测和判定,但其作为一种新技术尚处在实验室研究阶段,还需要进行大量的实验研究,尤其是在数据处理、有限元分析以及对实际工作情况的模拟等方面。
Elcectro-mechnical impedance technology is a very prospect new technique of nondestructive examination. The technique utilizing piezoelectric material's direct and converse piezoelectric effect, it's characteristic to be used as both driver and sensor, through detecting and contrasting the impedance of piezoelectric ceramic sheet of before and after damage to realize damage diagnosis. This paper makes a study of structure damage detecting and analysis utilizing piezoelectricity intelligent material's electro-mechanical impedance characteristic.
This article firstly introduced electro-mechanical impedance technique's unique advantage (that is particularly adequate for detecting tiny damage) using in structure nondestructive examination and health monitor. It deduced the relation between structure mechanical impedance based on electromechanical coupling effect and PZT electrical impedance. Subsequently make analysis and experimental verification to it using finite element analysis method. Making piezo-electric analysis of single PZT and PZT pasted in the aluminum beam about impedance/admittance spectra, impedance real part/impedance imaginary part spectra, admittance real part/admittance imaginary part spectra, and contrasted to the corresponding experimental result. It educed that the result gotten by ANSYS finite element analysis method agree well with experiment result in spectra trend, peak value and frequency of peaks. Lastly had some research in simulative practical working condition and design experiment utilizing its characteristic. Include:Impedance response experiment, free beam crack damage experiment, fixed beam crack damage experiment, bolt loose and tight experiment, the influence of measurement result caused by PZT position experiment and load experiment. And made determination for each damage using damage index, demonstrate that the electro-mechanical impedance technique is a good method of nondestructive examination, Made some analysis for load designing experiment, it needs further study to obtain preferable outcome.
Researches demonstrated that electro-mechanical impedance technique can do well in damage detecting and determination, but as a new technique it is still in the laboratory study stage, it remains to do abundant experimental research, particularly in data processing, finite element analysis and simulating practical conditions, and so on.
本文先是通过与传统无损检测方法的对比介绍了机电阻抗技术用于结构无损检测和健康监测的独特优点(即特别适用于对微小损伤的检测),该技术的国内外研究现状以及其用于无损检测的理论基础。推导出基于机电耦合效应的构造物机械阻抗和PZT电阻抗的关系。随后运用有限元分析方法对其进行了分析和实验验证。利用有限元分析软件对单个PZT、粘贴在铝梁上的PZT分别做了关于阻抗/导纳频谱、阻抗实部/阻抗虚部频谱、导纳实部/导纳虚部频谱的压电分析并与实验结果进行了相应对比。得出基于有限元分析软件的有限元分析法所得结果能够很好的和实验所测结果的频谱趋势、波峰处幅值以及波峰处频率相吻合。最后还利用其特性做了模拟实际工作情况和设计实验的研究。其中包括：阻抗应答实验、自由梁裂纹损伤实验、固定梁裂纹损伤实验、螺栓松紧实验、PZT粘贴位置对测量结果的影响实验以及加载实验。并利用损伤指数DI对其各损伤进行了判定,验证了机电阻抗技术是一种无损检测的好方法；对加载设计实验进行了一定的分析,对其需要进一步的研究以获得更好的结果。
研究表明,机电阻抗技术能够实现损伤的检测和判定,但其作为一种新技术尚处在实验室研究阶段,还需要进行大量的实验研究,尤其是在数据处理、有限元分析以及对实际工作情况的模拟等方面。
Elcectro-mechnical impedance technology is a very prospect new technique of nondestructive examination. The technique utilizing piezoelectric material's direct and converse piezoelectric effect, it's characteristic to be used as both driver and sensor, through detecting and contrasting the impedance of piezoelectric ceramic sheet of before and after damage to realize damage diagnosis. This paper makes a study of structure damage detecting and analysis utilizing piezoelectricity intelligent material's electro-mechanical impedance characteristic.
This article firstly introduced electro-mechanical impedance technique's unique advantage (that is particularly adequate for detecting tiny damage) using in structure nondestructive examination and health monitor. It deduced the relation between structure mechanical impedance based on electromechanical coupling effect and PZT electrical impedance. Subsequently make analysis and experimental verification to it using finite element analysis method. Making piezo-electric analysis of single PZT and PZT pasted in the aluminum beam about impedance/admittance spectra, impedance real part/impedance imaginary part spectra, admittance real part/admittance imaginary part spectra, and contrasted to the corresponding experimental result. It educed that the result gotten by ANSYS finite element analysis method agree well with experiment result in spectra trend, peak value and frequency of peaks. Lastly had some research in simulative practical working condition and design experiment utilizing its characteristic. Include:Impedance response experiment, free beam crack damage experiment, fixed beam crack damage experiment, bolt loose and tight experiment, the influence of measurement result caused by PZT position experiment and load experiment. And made determination for each damage using damage index, demonstrate that the electro-mechanical impedance technique is a good method of nondestructive examination, Made some analysis for load designing experiment, it needs further study to obtain preferable outcome.
Researches demonstrated that electro-mechanical impedance technique can do well in damage detecting and determination, but as a new technique it is still in the laboratory study stage, it remains to do abundant experimental research, particularly in data processing, finite element analysis and simulating practical conditions, and so on.
引文
[1]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1993
[2]刘福顺,汤明.无损检测基础[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[3]Victor Giurgiutiu and Rogers. Recent Advancements in the Electro-Mechanical (E/M) Impedance. Method for Structural Health Monitoring and NDE [R]. SPIE's 5th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials,1998
[4]Gyuhae Park, Hoon Sohn, Charles R. Farrar. Overview of piezoelectric impedance-based health monitoring and path forward [J]. The Shock and Vibration Digest,2003,35(6):451-463
[5]Victor Giurgiutiu and Andrei Zagrai. Damage detection in simulated aging- aircraft panels using the electro-mechanical impedance technique [R]. ASME Winter Annual Meeting,2000
[6]Andrei Zagrai and Victor Giurgiutiu. Electro-mechanical impedance method for crack detection in thin wall structures. [R].3rd International Workshop of Structural Health Monitoring,2001
[7]朱宏平,王丹生,张俊兵.基于压电阻抗技术的结构损伤识别基本理论及其应用[J].工程力学,2008,25：34-42
[8]王丹生,朱宏平,陈晓强等.利用压电自传感驱动器进行裂纹钢梁损伤识别的实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(6)：139-142
[9]王丹生,朱宏平,金柯等.压电智能梁的阻抗分析与损伤识别[J].固体力学学报,2008,29(4)：402-406
[10]高峰,王德俊,江钟伟等.压电阻抗技术用于螺栓松紧健康诊断[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(9)：1048-1049
[11]高峰,李以农,王德俊等.用于结构健康诊断的压电阻抗技术[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1)：94-98
[12]王丹生,朱宏平,鲁晶晶等.基于压电导纳的钢框架螺栓松动检测实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10)：156-160
[13]孙威,阎石,张莺等.基于压电陶瓷传感器的混凝土结构健康监测技术的数值模拟研[J].混凝士,2008,2：34-38
[14]鲍凯,万小朋.动态系统分析的阻抗方法及其在状态监控智能结构中的应用[J].无损检测,2003,25(8)：399-402
[15]方剑青,矫桂琼,袁洪.基于压电阻抗测试的结构诊断神经网络方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27：103-106
[16]韩芳茹,赵美英.压电智能板结构的有限元建模及静态形状控制[J].飞机工程,2000,(4)：32-39
[17]方剑青,矫桂琼.压电阻抗技术用于结构健康诊断的频段选取方法[R].第十一届全国实验力学学术会议,2005
[18]施海.基于阻抗测量的机械架构件损伤评价[J].工具技术,2008,42：84-86
[19]张兢,徐霞,张志文.基于压电陶瓷的结构损伤检测技术[J].压电与声光,2006,28(3)：350-352
[20]杨光瑜,杨拥民,陈仲生等.PZT在机械损伤检测中的应用[J].机械,2002,29(4)：18-20
[21]周炜,靳晓雄.压电智能结构的阻抗法建模[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(9)：1108-1111
[22]严蔚,陈伟球,林志华等.基于高频电阻抗信号的结构损伤检测[J].浙江大学学报,2007,41(1)：6-11
[23]W. Yan, C.W. Lim, W.Q. Chen.etc. A coupled approach for damage detection of framed structures using piezoelectric signature [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2007.307:802-817
[24]芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红等.基于压电阻抗的设备结构健康智能诊断[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(8)：122-124.
[25]张福学.现代压电学[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[26]冯伟.应用于结构健康监测的压电阻抗技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2007
[27]徐茂华.结构损伤检测PZT阻抗法的理论与试验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2005
[28]王丹生.基于反共振频率和压电阻抗的结构损伤检测[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[29]杨光瑜.基于PZT阻抗分析的结构健康监测技术研究[D].长沙：国防科技大学,2002
[30](美)凯利(Kelly, S.M.)机械振动[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[31]顾培英,邓昌,吴福生.结构模态分析及其损伤诊断[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2008
[32]荣先成,王洪军.有限元法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007
[33]高耀东,过西平ANSYS机械工程应用25例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[34]余伟炜,高炳军ANSYS在机械与化工装备中的应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[35]C.H. Nguyen, S.J. Pietrzko. FE analysis of a PZT-actuated adaptive beam with vibration damping using a parallel R-L shunt circuit[J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2006.42:1231-1239
[36]Kevin K. Tseng, Liangsheng Wang. Structural damage identification for thin plates using smart piezoelectric transducers [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 2005.194:3192-3209
[37]周乐,黄世国.阻抗测量法及梁的阻抗应答分析[J]重庆大学学报,2007,30(3)：15-18.
[38]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1993.1
[39]Y. Bamnios. crack identification in beam structures using mechanical impedance [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002.256(2):287-297
[40]李以农,郑玲.基于压电阻抗的结构缺陷评价方法的实验研究[J].力学与实践,2002.24：44-46
[41]周乐.基于压电装置的珩架型机械构造物的损伤检测技术研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2007
[42]Amanda C. Rutherford, Gyuhae Park.etc. Non-linear feature identifications based on self-sensing impedance measurements for structural health assessment [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2007.21:322-333
[43]郑少华,姜奉化.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2004.48-52
[2]刘福顺,汤明.无损检测基础[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[3]Victor Giurgiutiu and Rogers. Recent Advancements in the Electro-Mechanical (E/M) Impedance. Method for Structural Health Monitoring and NDE [R]. SPIE's 5th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials,1998
[4]Gyuhae Park, Hoon Sohn, Charles R. Farrar. Overview of piezoelectric impedance-based health monitoring and path forward [J]. The Shock and Vibration Digest,2003,35(6):451-463
[5]Victor Giurgiutiu and Andrei Zagrai. Damage detection in simulated aging- aircraft panels using the electro-mechanical impedance technique [R]. ASME Winter Annual Meeting,2000
[6]Andrei Zagrai and Victor Giurgiutiu. Electro-mechanical impedance method for crack detection in thin wall structures. [R].3rd International Workshop of Structural Health Monitoring,2001
[7]朱宏平,王丹生,张俊兵.基于压电阻抗技术的结构损伤识别基本理论及其应用[J].工程力学,2008,25：34-42
[8]王丹生,朱宏平,陈晓强等.利用压电自传感驱动器进行裂纹钢梁损伤识别的实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(6)：139-142
[9]王丹生,朱宏平,金柯等.压电智能梁的阻抗分析与损伤识别[J].固体力学学报,2008,29(4)：402-406
[10]高峰,王德俊,江钟伟等.压电阻抗技术用于螺栓松紧健康诊断[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(9)：1048-1049
[11]高峰,李以农,王德俊等.用于结构健康诊断的压电阻抗技术[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1)：94-98
[12]王丹生,朱宏平,鲁晶晶等.基于压电导纳的钢框架螺栓松动检测实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10)：156-160
[13]孙威,阎石,张莺等.基于压电陶瓷传感器的混凝土结构健康监测技术的数值模拟研[J].混凝士,2008,2：34-38
[14]鲍凯,万小朋.动态系统分析的阻抗方法及其在状态监控智能结构中的应用[J].无损检测,2003,25(8)：399-402
[15]方剑青,矫桂琼,袁洪.基于压电阻抗测试的结构诊断神经网络方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27：103-106
[16]韩芳茹,赵美英.压电智能板结构的有限元建模及静态形状控制[J].飞机工程,2000,(4)：32-39
[17]方剑青,矫桂琼.压电阻抗技术用于结构健康诊断的频段选取方法[R].第十一届全国实验力学学术会议,2005
[18]施海.基于阻抗测量的机械架构件损伤评价[J].工具技术,2008,42：84-86
[19]张兢,徐霞,张志文.基于压电陶瓷的结构损伤检测技术[J].压电与声光,2006,28(3)：350-352
[20]杨光瑜,杨拥民,陈仲生等.PZT在机械损伤检测中的应用[J].机械,2002,29(4)：18-20
[21]周炜,靳晓雄.压电智能结构的阻抗法建模[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(9)：1108-1111
[22]严蔚,陈伟球,林志华等.基于高频电阻抗信号的结构损伤检测[J].浙江大学学报,2007,41(1)：6-11
[23]W. Yan, C.W. Lim, W.Q. Chen.etc. A coupled approach for damage detection of framed structures using piezoelectric signature [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2007.307:802-817
[24]芮延年,刘文杰,郭旭红等.基于压电阻抗的设备结构健康智能诊断[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(8)：122-124.
[25]张福学.现代压电学[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[26]冯伟.应用于结构健康监测的压电阻抗技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2007
[27]徐茂华.结构损伤检测PZT阻抗法的理论与试验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2005
[28]王丹生.基于反共振频率和压电阻抗的结构损伤检测[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[29]杨光瑜.基于PZT阻抗分析的结构健康监测技术研究[D].长沙：国防科技大学,2002
[30](美)凯利(Kelly, S.M.)机械振动[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[31]顾培英,邓昌,吴福生.结构模态分析及其损伤诊断[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2008
[32]荣先成,王洪军.有限元法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007
[33]高耀东,过西平ANSYS机械工程应用25例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[34]余伟炜,高炳军ANSYS在机械与化工装备中的应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[35]C.H. Nguyen, S.J. Pietrzko. FE analysis of a PZT-actuated adaptive beam with vibration damping using a parallel R-L shunt circuit[J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2006.42:1231-1239
[36]Kevin K. Tseng, Liangsheng Wang. Structural damage identification for thin plates using smart piezoelectric transducers [J]. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 2005.194:3192-3209
[37]周乐,黄世国.阻抗测量法及梁的阻抗应答分析[J]重庆大学学报,2007,30(3)：15-18.
[38]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1993.1
[39]Y. Bamnios. crack identification in beam structures using mechanical impedance [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002.256(2):287-297
[40]李以农,郑玲.基于压电阻抗的结构缺陷评价方法的实验研究[J].力学与实践,2002.24：44-46
[41]周乐.基于压电装置的珩架型机械构造物的损伤检测技术研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2007
[42]Amanda C. Rutherford, Gyuhae Park.etc. Non-linear feature identifications based on self-sensing impedance measurements for structural health assessment [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2007.21:322-333
[43]郑少华,姜奉化.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2004.48-52