篷盖类柔性复合材料机械性能的研究
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摘要
产业用纺织品作为纺织品的三大应用领域之一，正在蓬勃地向前发展。目前，世界上产业用纺织品的生产技术绝大多数采用传统的机织工艺，机织物约占产业用纺织品总量的50％，非织造织物约占总量的40％，而经编产业用纺织品所占的比例非常小。但是由于经编织物的组织结构具备的许多特点更适合应用于复合材料，而且其生产效率高，因而得到了广泛的重视，发展势头迅猛，正不断替代其他产品。
本课题主要研究以机织物和经编双轴向织物为基布，经过贴合、压延和涂层后整理得到的两种篷盖类柔性复合材料的一些机械性能，并通过分析试验数据对两种材料作了全面的比较，最后总结了影响柔性复合材料机械性能的因素。另外，本文还对各种测试方法做了较为全面的对比，提出了一些有效的建议。这对于完善我国在同类产品的测试方法方面是一个很好的促进和借鉴，同时对同类产品的实际生产也具有很好的技术指导意义。
本课题在研究过程中，采集了大量的试验试样，有不同的纱线细度，不同的织物密度，不同的织物结构，不同的织物后整理方式即：涂层、压延和贴合。本文除了测试各个试样的单位面积质量、密度、厚度等参数指标外，主要对它们的物理机械性能进行测试并对试验数据进行必要的比较和分析。
首先，本文对两种柔性复合材料进行拉伸试验，对试验数据进行分析与比较，并总结了影响材料拉伸断裂性能的多个因素，最后得出结论。经编双轴向织物由于衬入了直接取向的平直纱线层而使其拉伸强力得到显著提高，而且纱线的物理机械特性利用率非常高，因此织物密度可以减少，这使得织物在具有很高的总体强力下可减少重量。从经济的眼光来看，可以节约原材料，从而降低生产费用。
其次，本文又对比研究了两种柔性复合材料的撕裂性能，总结了影响材料撕裂性能的多个因素。进一步证实了经编双轴向织物用作篷
摘要
盖类柔性复合材料的基布具有机织物无法比拟的优越性。本文还研究
得出柔性复合材料撕裂强力和拉伸断裂强力之间具有一致性关系。此
外，本文还考察了国内外进行撕裂试验的不同的测试标准，并进行比
较，寻求各个测试标准之间的一种内在的参数联系，以方便业内人士
对不同测试标准下得到的数据进行简单的转换和比较。最后，本文还
对如何更加有效、更加符合实际情况的进行柔性复合材料的撕裂试验
提出了一些建议。
再次，本文测试了两种柔性复合材料的剥离性能。剥离性能是除
了撕裂性能外篷盖类柔性复合材料的另一个非常重要的参数指标。本
文主要研究了不同的后整理工艺对织物剥离性能的影响。但由于试验
条件所限，经过涂层整理的织物其剥离试验很难进行，所以本文关于
这方面的试验数据参考了有关公司的生产技术资料。
最后，本文指出了本课题中的一些不足之处，为今后的进一步研
究提出了一些建议，还预测了篷盖类柔性复合材料的广阔的发展前景
和发展领域。
As one of the three biggest applied fields of the textile fabrics, industrial textile fabrics are advancing very quickly. In the present world, most production technologies of industrial textile fabrics are traditional weaving technique. In all the industrial textile fabrics, woven fabrics roughly account for 50%, non-woven fabrics account for 40% while warp-knitted fabrics only account for a very small rate. However, warp-knitted fabrics have many advantages which act as composites better and can be produced efficiently, so they have been catching more and more attention, their developing momentum is very strong, and they are taking the places of other products step by step.
In this thesis we mainly studied some mechanical performances of the tenting flexible composites, in which there are mainly two substrates: woven fabrics and warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics. We compared the two composites by analyzing the testing data and then summarized the factors affecting the mechanical performances of the tenting flexible composites. Additionally, we made more comparisons between different testing standards and gave forward some effective suggestion. This is a good promotion and reference for establishing our national testing standards of the mechanical performances of the homogeneous products, and meanwhile it has good technical instructive significance for the practical production of the homogeneous products.
During the course of the research, we collected a quantity of testing samples, including: different yarn counts, different fabric density, different fabric structures, different ways of fabric finishing: coating, calendering and laminating. In this thesis we mainly studied their
mechanical properties, compared and analyzed the testing data, as well as the determination of the parameters such as the mass per unit area, density, thickness of the fabrics.
First, we did the tensile experiments on the two types of flexible composites, compared and analyzed the testing data, summarized several factors affecting the tensile strength, and finally drew the conclusions. That is, the tensile strength of warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics is improved a lot because directly oriented parallel and noncrimped yarns are inserted into the structures. Furthermore, the availability of the mechanical properties of yarns is quite high, which makes it possible to reduce the density of the fabric and therefore reduce the mass of fabric when the whole high strength of fabric is still ensured. Economically, with this excellent tensile performance, we can dramatically save raw materials and reduce the production cost.
Second, we further studied and compared the tear performances of the two types of flexible composites and summarized several factors affecting the tear performance. We confirmed that warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics are superior to woven fabrics in tearing when used as the substrates of tenting flexible composites. We also studied the linear relationship between the tensile and tear performance of the flexible composites. At the same time, we researched and compared the domestic and foreign tear testing standards, trying to find out the internal parametric relationship among them, in order that the researchers can simply and conveniently transfer and compare the data which are obtained under the different testing standards. Besides, we put forward some suggestion on how to do the tear experiment on flexible composites more effectively and practically.
Third, we tested the peeling performances of the two types of flexible composites. The peeling performance is another important
parameter index as well as the tear performance. Here we studied the effects which the different ways of finishing cause. However, the peeling test is very difficult to carry out because of the limited testing conditions, so here we referred the technical data of the concerned companies.
In this thesis, however, there are still some shortages that should be improved in the future. At the end of this thesis we foresaw the developing prosp
本课题主要研究以机织物和经编双轴向织物为基布，经过贴合、压延和涂层后整理得到的两种篷盖类柔性复合材料的一些机械性能，并通过分析试验数据对两种材料作了全面的比较，最后总结了影响柔性复合材料机械性能的因素。另外，本文还对各种测试方法做了较为全面的对比，提出了一些有效的建议。这对于完善我国在同类产品的测试方法方面是一个很好的促进和借鉴，同时对同类产品的实际生产也具有很好的技术指导意义。
本课题在研究过程中，采集了大量的试验试样，有不同的纱线细度，不同的织物密度，不同的织物结构，不同的织物后整理方式即：涂层、压延和贴合。本文除了测试各个试样的单位面积质量、密度、厚度等参数指标外，主要对它们的物理机械性能进行测试并对试验数据进行必要的比较和分析。
首先，本文对两种柔性复合材料进行拉伸试验，对试验数据进行分析与比较，并总结了影响材料拉伸断裂性能的多个因素，最后得出结论。经编双轴向织物由于衬入了直接取向的平直纱线层而使其拉伸强力得到显著提高，而且纱线的物理机械特性利用率非常高，因此织物密度可以减少，这使得织物在具有很高的总体强力下可减少重量。从经济的眼光来看，可以节约原材料，从而降低生产费用。
其次，本文又对比研究了两种柔性复合材料的撕裂性能，总结了影响材料撕裂性能的多个因素。进一步证实了经编双轴向织物用作篷
摘要
盖类柔性复合材料的基布具有机织物无法比拟的优越性。本文还研究
得出柔性复合材料撕裂强力和拉伸断裂强力之间具有一致性关系。此
外，本文还考察了国内外进行撕裂试验的不同的测试标准，并进行比
较，寻求各个测试标准之间的一种内在的参数联系，以方便业内人士
对不同测试标准下得到的数据进行简单的转换和比较。最后，本文还
对如何更加有效、更加符合实际情况的进行柔性复合材料的撕裂试验
提出了一些建议。
再次，本文测试了两种柔性复合材料的剥离性能。剥离性能是除
了撕裂性能外篷盖类柔性复合材料的另一个非常重要的参数指标。本
文主要研究了不同的后整理工艺对织物剥离性能的影响。但由于试验
条件所限，经过涂层整理的织物其剥离试验很难进行，所以本文关于
这方面的试验数据参考了有关公司的生产技术资料。
最后，本文指出了本课题中的一些不足之处，为今后的进一步研
究提出了一些建议，还预测了篷盖类柔性复合材料的广阔的发展前景
和发展领域。
As one of the three biggest applied fields of the textile fabrics, industrial textile fabrics are advancing very quickly. In the present world, most production technologies of industrial textile fabrics are traditional weaving technique. In all the industrial textile fabrics, woven fabrics roughly account for 50%, non-woven fabrics account for 40% while warp-knitted fabrics only account for a very small rate. However, warp-knitted fabrics have many advantages which act as composites better and can be produced efficiently, so they have been catching more and more attention, their developing momentum is very strong, and they are taking the places of other products step by step.
In this thesis we mainly studied some mechanical performances of the tenting flexible composites, in which there are mainly two substrates: woven fabrics and warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics. We compared the two composites by analyzing the testing data and then summarized the factors affecting the mechanical performances of the tenting flexible composites. Additionally, we made more comparisons between different testing standards and gave forward some effective suggestion. This is a good promotion and reference for establishing our national testing standards of the mechanical performances of the homogeneous products, and meanwhile it has good technical instructive significance for the practical production of the homogeneous products.
During the course of the research, we collected a quantity of testing samples, including: different yarn counts, different fabric density, different fabric structures, different ways of fabric finishing: coating, calendering and laminating. In this thesis we mainly studied their
mechanical properties, compared and analyzed the testing data, as well as the determination of the parameters such as the mass per unit area, density, thickness of the fabrics.
First, we did the tensile experiments on the two types of flexible composites, compared and analyzed the testing data, summarized several factors affecting the tensile strength, and finally drew the conclusions. That is, the tensile strength of warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics is improved a lot because directly oriented parallel and noncrimped yarns are inserted into the structures. Furthermore, the availability of the mechanical properties of yarns is quite high, which makes it possible to reduce the density of the fabric and therefore reduce the mass of fabric when the whole high strength of fabric is still ensured. Economically, with this excellent tensile performance, we can dramatically save raw materials and reduce the production cost.
Second, we further studied and compared the tear performances of the two types of flexible composites and summarized several factors affecting the tear performance. We confirmed that warp-knitted bi-axial fabrics are superior to woven fabrics in tearing when used as the substrates of tenting flexible composites. We also studied the linear relationship between the tensile and tear performance of the flexible composites. At the same time, we researched and compared the domestic and foreign tear testing standards, trying to find out the internal parametric relationship among them, in order that the researchers can simply and conveniently transfer and compare the data which are obtained under the different testing standards. Besides, we put forward some suggestion on how to do the tear experiment on flexible composites more effectively and practically.
Third, we tested the peeling performances of the two types of flexible composites. The peeling performance is another important
parameter index as well as the tear performance. Here we studied the effects which the different ways of finishing cause. However, the peeling test is very difficult to carry out because of the limited testing conditions, so here we referred the technical data of the concerned companies.
In this thesis, however, there are still some shortages that should be improved in the future. At the end of this thesis we foresaw the developing prosp
引文
[1]曹令俊，复合材料在汽车工业中的应用及发展趋势，汽车工艺与材料，2000(12)，31—33
[2]前川善一郎，纤维在复合材料中的应用，纤维复合材料，2001，18(1)，51—56
[3]陈南梁 沈为，篷盖类柔性复合材料的生产及发展前景，2002年经编针织新技术、新产品技术讲座，2002，10
[4]章娴君，层压技术及复合材料，重庆纺织，1994(3)，22—28
[5]叶奕梁 徐朴，篷盖布类产品生产和应用的新发展，纺织导报，1998(5)，43～51
[6]赵家祥，纺织工业与建筑工程，纺织导报，1997(5)，95—96
[7]The Karl Mayer Guide to Geotextiles,卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[8]Directly Oriented Structures,卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[9]Dipl-Ing Oswald Rieder, Dr-Ing Gunter Buhler,通过混入针织物提高复合材料能量吸收特性，International Textile Bulletin(Nonwovens & Industrial Textiles), 1997(2), 35—39
[10]Leong KH, Falzon PJ, Bannister MK, et al. An Investigation of the Mechanical Performance of Weft-knit milano-rib Glass/epoxy Composite. Composites Science and Technology, 1998, 58,239-251
[11]陈南梁，经编针织双轴向立体骨架织物的结构设计与性能研究：[博士论文]，上海：东华大学，2001
[12]Meldner Heiner, Downs Roland J, Composite material for fabrication of sails and other articles. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 27, Issue:11, 1996, PP. 1111
[13]周普斌，聚四氟乙烯柔性复合材料配方的优化，铁道建筑技术，2001，18(1)，42—44
[14]陈南梁，经编产业用纺织品的发展动态，纺织导报，1998(4)，44—45
[15]Analysis of woven fabric strengths: Prediction of fabric strength under uniaxial an biaxial extensions. Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 56, Issue: 3,1996, PP 311-327
[16]顾珉，涂层产品新发展，染整技术，2001，23(6)，25—28
[17]Coating methods for textiles, in particular industrial knitted structures, 卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[18]邱冠雄，产业用纺织复合材料的整理加工，针织工业，1996，14(2)，36—41
[19]Journal of Coated Fabrics, 1994(1), 202—220
[20]纺织品涂层烘燥设备的选用，国际染印染整工作者，2001(3)，26—27
[21]姜亚明 邱冠雄，双轴向涂层织物的涂层与底布间的结合力分析，纺织学报，1999，20(5)，266—269
[22]张丽芝 苏玉兰，产业用多功能涂层织物的开发和应用，产业用纺织品，1999，17(4)：6—10
[23]谈青豹 王小林，高压聚乙烯膜复合布的研制，产业用纺织品，2002(6)，19—21，39
[24]邓炳耀, Analysis of the Sizing Device of HS20-Ⅱ and the Primary Discussion of the Practice of Sizing Technology, 苏州丝绸工学院报，2001, 021(004), 57—62
[25]任国宏 段予忠，PVC压延制品性能影响因素，塑料开发，2000，26(4)，1454—1456
[26]邱冠雄 崔惠杰，多轴向经编复合材料研究，纺织学报，1997(4)，4—6
[27]Kolbu J，机织物的全能涂层设备，国际纺织导报，2000(3)，78—79
[28]周凤飞 柴雅凌，车用纺织品的发展，产业用纺织品，2002(6，8)
[29]福田．泊(日本)，复合材料力学的弹性学、材料力学基础理论，纤维复合材料，2000，2
[30] Zheng-Nong Feng, Howard G.Allen, Stuart S.J.Moy, Study of Stress Concentrations in Woven Composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, volume 18, No.3, 1999
[31] Coating Methods for Textiles, in Particular Industrial Warp-knitted Structures, 德国 Karl Mayer 公司技术资料
[32] 于伟东 储才元，纺织物理，上海：东华大学出版社，2002．1，364
[33] 曹静译，双轴向和多轴向经编技术，国外纺织技术，针织服装分册，1988(3)，11—14
[34] 姚穆，周锦芳等，纺织材料学，北京：纺织工业出版社，1990，526—527
[35] 罗瑞林，织物涂层，北京纺织工业出版社，1993
[36] 白刚，吴坚，刘艳春，机织物破坏形式及其影响因素，大连轻工业学院学报，2001．12，20(4)，297—300
[2]前川善一郎，纤维在复合材料中的应用，纤维复合材料，2001，18(1)，51—56
[3]陈南梁 沈为，篷盖类柔性复合材料的生产及发展前景，2002年经编针织新技术、新产品技术讲座，2002，10
[4]章娴君，层压技术及复合材料，重庆纺织，1994(3)，22—28
[5]叶奕梁 徐朴，篷盖布类产品生产和应用的新发展，纺织导报，1998(5)，43～51
[6]赵家祥，纺织工业与建筑工程，纺织导报，1997(5)，95—96
[7]The Karl Mayer Guide to Geotextiles,卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[8]Directly Oriented Structures,卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[9]Dipl-Ing Oswald Rieder, Dr-Ing Gunter Buhler,通过混入针织物提高复合材料能量吸收特性，International Textile Bulletin(Nonwovens & Industrial Textiles), 1997(2), 35—39
[10]Leong KH, Falzon PJ, Bannister MK, et al. An Investigation of the Mechanical Performance of Weft-knit milano-rib Glass/epoxy Composite. Composites Science and Technology, 1998, 58,239-251
[11]陈南梁，经编针织双轴向立体骨架织物的结构设计与性能研究：[博士论文]，上海：东华大学，2001
[12]Meldner Heiner, Downs Roland J, Composite material for fabrication of sails and other articles. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 27, Issue:11, 1996, PP. 1111
[13]周普斌，聚四氟乙烯柔性复合材料配方的优化，铁道建筑技术，2001，18(1)，42—44
[14]陈南梁，经编产业用纺织品的发展动态，纺织导报，1998(4)，44—45
[15]Analysis of woven fabric strengths: Prediction of fabric strength under uniaxial an biaxial extensions. Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 56, Issue: 3,1996, PP 311-327
[16]顾珉，涂层产品新发展，染整技术，2001，23(6)，25—28
[17]Coating methods for textiles, in particular industrial knitted structures, 卡尔迈耶公司技术资料
[18]邱冠雄，产业用纺织复合材料的整理加工，针织工业，1996，14(2)，36—41
[19]Journal of Coated Fabrics, 1994(1), 202—220
[20]纺织品涂层烘燥设备的选用，国际染印染整工作者，2001(3)，26—27
[21]姜亚明 邱冠雄，双轴向涂层织物的涂层与底布间的结合力分析，纺织学报，1999，20(5)，266—269
[22]张丽芝 苏玉兰，产业用多功能涂层织物的开发和应用，产业用纺织品，1999，17(4)：6—10
[23]谈青豹 王小林，高压聚乙烯膜复合布的研制，产业用纺织品，2002(6)，19—21，39
[24]邓炳耀, Analysis of the Sizing Device of HS20-Ⅱ and the Primary Discussion of the Practice of Sizing Technology, 苏州丝绸工学院报，2001, 021(004), 57—62
[25]任国宏 段予忠，PVC压延制品性能影响因素，塑料开发，2000，26(4)，1454—1456
[26]邱冠雄 崔惠杰，多轴向经编复合材料研究，纺织学报，1997(4)，4—6
[27]Kolbu J，机织物的全能涂层设备，国际纺织导报，2000(3)，78—79
[28]周凤飞 柴雅凌，车用纺织品的发展，产业用纺织品，2002(6，8)
[29]福田．泊(日本)，复合材料力学的弹性学、材料力学基础理论，纤维复合材料，2000，2
[30] Zheng-Nong Feng, Howard G.Allen, Stuart S.J.Moy, Study of Stress Concentrations in Woven Composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, volume 18, No.3, 1999
[31] Coating Methods for Textiles, in Particular Industrial Warp-knitted Structures, 德国 Karl Mayer 公司技术资料
[32] 于伟东 储才元，纺织物理，上海：东华大学出版社，2002．1，364
[33] 曹静译，双轴向和多轴向经编技术，国外纺织技术，针织服装分册，1988(3)，11—14
[34] 姚穆，周锦芳等，纺织材料学，北京：纺织工业出版社，1990，526—527
[35] 罗瑞林，织物涂层，北京纺织工业出版社，1993
[36] 白刚，吴坚，刘艳春，机织物破坏形式及其影响因素，大连轻工业学院学报，2001．12，20(4)，297—300