振动力量训练对排球运动员肩、肘关节肌力变化影响的实验研究
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摘要
本研究采用了文献资料、数理统计、实验等研究方法,以首都体育学院07级排球专业二级运动员为研究对象,通过8周的力量训练实验,探索振动力量训练对排球运动员肩、肘关节肌力效果的影响,以及振动力量训练对提高排球运动员挥臂扣球能力的优化训练方案,以期为排球运动项目挥臂扣球的力量训练提供参考,为今后排球专项训练的进一步发展提供理论基础和实验依据。
本文通过运用等速向心力量测试仪和三维录像解析技术,分别对运动员的肩肘关节力量、肩肘关节扣球时的速度以及最大球速进行了分析和研究,结果发现：
1.振动力量训练对提高肩肘关节肌肉力量具有显著的效果,尤其是对肩关节伸肌、肘关节屈肌的最大力量和快速力量效果比较显著。
2.经过八周的振动力量训练后,在肩、肘关节肌肉的测试中,快速力量效果好于最大力量。
3.前四周的振动训练对肩、肘关节的最大力量效果较显著,后四周的振动训练对快速力量效果明显好于最大力量效果。
4.振动刺激训练对提高肩、肘关节扣球瞬间最大速度,最大球速有较好的效果。
In this study,we used the methods of literature mathematical statistics and experimental, took the Capital Institute of Physical Education's athletes as the research objects, through 8 weeks training we try to find the effects of the vibration strength training for volleyball athletes'shoulder joint and elbow joint; and exploring the effects of vibration strength training for improving the capability of arm swing and propose the Optimizing training programs.Those are in order to provided reference to volleyball's arm swing Strength training,and provide theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the further development of the Volleyball specialized training.
In this article We used the ISOMED2000 Isokinetic equipment and the United States Ariel sports video analysis system separately carried out the analysis and research on athletes shoulder and elbow joint power、the speed when shoulder and elbow smash and the maximum speed of the ball. The results showed that:
1.Vibration Strength training have remarkable effects on improving the power of the shoulder and elbow joint. Especially have the significantly consequent on shoulder joint extension and elbow joint flexion in maximum force and speed power.
2.After 8 weeks training,in the experiment of the shoulder and elbow joint power, the speed Force is more effectively improved than the maximum force.
3.After the first 4 weeks training, the maximum power of the Shoulder and elbow joint is more effectively improved.But after the latter 4 weeks,the speed force is more effectively improved than the maximum power.
4.Vibration strength training plays an important role in enhancing the instant speed of the shoulder and elbow joint and the maximum ball speed when spike.
本文通过运用等速向心力量测试仪和三维录像解析技术,分别对运动员的肩肘关节力量、肩肘关节扣球时的速度以及最大球速进行了分析和研究,结果发现：
1.振动力量训练对提高肩肘关节肌肉力量具有显著的效果,尤其是对肩关节伸肌、肘关节屈肌的最大力量和快速力量效果比较显著。
2.经过八周的振动力量训练后,在肩、肘关节肌肉的测试中,快速力量效果好于最大力量。
3.前四周的振动训练对肩、肘关节的最大力量效果较显著,后四周的振动训练对快速力量效果明显好于最大力量效果。
4.振动刺激训练对提高肩、肘关节扣球瞬间最大速度,最大球速有较好的效果。
In this study,we used the methods of literature mathematical statistics and experimental, took the Capital Institute of Physical Education's athletes as the research objects, through 8 weeks training we try to find the effects of the vibration strength training for volleyball athletes'shoulder joint and elbow joint; and exploring the effects of vibration strength training for improving the capability of arm swing and propose the Optimizing training programs.Those are in order to provided reference to volleyball's arm swing Strength training,and provide theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the further development of the Volleyball specialized training.
In this article We used the ISOMED2000 Isokinetic equipment and the United States Ariel sports video analysis system separately carried out the analysis and research on athletes shoulder and elbow joint power、the speed when shoulder and elbow smash and the maximum speed of the ball. The results showed that:
1.Vibration Strength training have remarkable effects on improving the power of the shoulder and elbow joint. Especially have the significantly consequent on shoulder joint extension and elbow joint flexion in maximum force and speed power.
2.After 8 weeks training,in the experiment of the shoulder and elbow joint power, the speed Force is more effectively improved than the maximum force.
3.After the first 4 weeks training, the maximum power of the Shoulder and elbow joint is more effectively improved.But after the latter 4 weeks,the speed force is more effectively improved than the maximum power.
4.Vibration strength training plays an important role in enhancing the instant speed of the shoulder and elbow joint and the maximum ball speed when spike.
引文
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[3]万京一,葛春林等.对我国甲A女排主攻手强攻扣球挥臂速度的分析与研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(1)：25-29.
[4]高子琦.现代排球运动力量训练研究动态及其训练方法[J].体育科学研究,2000,4(5)：55-57.
[5]万江.发展排球专项力量素质的理论与方法[J].武汉体育学院学报2002,36(5)：112-115.
[6]黄辅周,吕乾正,钟秉枢等.排球[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,1991(3).
[7]Craig.排球扣球的运动生理学分析及技术发展和训练方案的建议NSCA Journal 1989,1.
[8]詹.里德尔斯.排球力量训练[J].排球力量训练教练员杂志,1994,20(3)：10-13.
[9]邱香.排球的训练方法[J].国际排联排球技术杂志,1993,15(4)：55-59.
[10]李铁军,张林鸿.负重振动练习与超等长练习对下肢力量影响的比较研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2005,22(5)：61-63.
[11]宋文明.排球运动员力量训练探讨[J].中国体育科技,1998,34(9)：33-36.
[12]钟秉枢.排球[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,1998,186-210.
[13]黄尔联.对我国女排两种挥臂扣球技术的研究[J].西安体育学院学报,1989,6(1)：45-50.
[14]孙长良.女子排球运动员下肢力量组合训练实验研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2007,19(3)：50-54.
[15]蒋炳宪.高水平排球运动员肩部内外旋转力量特征的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(10)：1373-1376.
[16]舒为平.沙滩排球训练对提高排球运动员体能水平的研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2004,30(4)：52-56.
[17]邢红林.对我国女子排球运动员扣球技术挥臂动作的生物力学比较分析[J].中国体育科技,2002,38(2)：18-21.
[18]砂本秀羲.日本—古巴对抗赛排球技术分析和比较[J].日本体育协会科学研究报告,1980,60-68.
[19]陈晓光.对排球扣球中腕关节击球动作的高速录像分析[J].体育科学研究,2003,(7).
[20]黄汉升.排球[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001,81-250.
[21]李毅钧.三维高速摄像研究方法在排球技术研究中应用[J].西安体育学院学报，2000,17(2)：56-59.
[22]路静.运用前臂负重法提高排球运动员上肢机能的研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2007,21(5)：68-72.
[23]Eklund.G and Hagbarty.K Normal variability of tonic vibration reflexes in men[J]. Experimental Neurology,1966,16(2):80-92.
[24]王兴泽,王冰,胡贤豪等.振动力量训练综述[J].山东体育学院学报,2007,23(1)：63-66.
[25]彭春政.振动刺激对膝关节肌力的训练效果[J].中国运动医学杂志,.2006.9,25(5)：602-603.
[26]王保成,杨汉雄等.竟技体育力量训练指导[J].北京：人民体育出版社,2003.
[27]Patricla Romaiguere, Jeaanpierre Vedel.Differential activation of motor units in the wrist extensor musclesduring tonic vibration reflex in man.[J] Journal of Physiology,1991,444:645-667.
[28]Johnston R,Bishop B and Coffey.Mechanical vibration of skeletal muscle.Physical Therapy,1995,50:499-505.
[29]Salmelin R,HariR.Spatiotemporal characteristics of sensorimotor neuromagnetics rhythms related to thumbmovement[J].Neuroscience,1994,(60):537-550.
[30]Romaiguere P,et al.Post vibratory on fractionated reaction time and maximum isometric strength.American Journal ofPhysical Med,1980,596:271-279.
[31]Bernard J. Martin. Hee-Sok Park. Analysis of the tonic vibration reflex:influence of vibration variables on motor unit synchronization and fatigue[J].Europe Journalournal of Applied Physiology,1997,(75):504-511.
[32]相子元.振动力量训练与测试的理论研究[J].全国第十一届运动生物力学学术交流大会,2006,10.
[33]Nordlund MM,Thorstensson A. Strength training effects of whole-body vibration[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,2007,17(1):12-17.
[34]Issurin and G.Tenenbaum Acute and residual effects of vibratory stimulation on explosive strength in elite andanateur atnletes[J].Journal of Sports Science,1999,(17): 177-182.
[35]Bosco C,Colli R.Introini E,et al.Adaptive responses of human skeletal muscle to vibration exposure.Clin Physiol 1999; 19:183-187.
[36]Adrian,E-D-and Bronk,D-K-The discharge of impulses inmotor nerve fibers·Partli·The frequency of discharge inreflex andvoluntary contractions-Journal of Physiology,(1929),67:119-151.
[37]Delecluse C, Roelants M, Verschueren S. Strength increase after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2003,35 (6):1033-1041.
[38]Humphries B, Warman G, Purton J, etal. vibration on muscle activation and rate of force development during maximal isometric contractions[J]. Sports Sci Med,2004,13(3):16-22.
[39]许以诚,高炳宏,刘文海等.振动与非振动练习时肌电图变化的比较研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2004,21(4)：54-55.
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