水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系对水稻的作用效果与机理研究
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摘要
水稻是低蛋白植物,提高稻米蛋白质和必需氨基酸含量是育种与栽培专家长期以来的奋斗目标。本文采用田间小区试验,进行了“水稻高蛋白高产栽培专用肥配方”和“水稻高蛋白高产栽培最佳施氮量”研究,并结合课题组“水稻高蛋白高产栽培方法”、“水稻双促调节剂物化产品”等研究成果,集成、组装、配套形成了水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系,从光合特性,碳、氮代谢关键酶及氨基酸代谢关键酶活性等方面探讨了水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系导致水稻高蛋白高产高必需氨基酸的内在生理生化机理。结果如下:
1.在氮、磷、钾养分水平相等的条件下,加施硅锰肥以及有机、无机肥配合施用处理(N-P-K-O-Si处理)促进了水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收与转运,显著提高了水稻功能叶净光合速率、籽粒产量、糙米蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量以及水稻生产的经济效益。N-P-K-O-Si处理早、晚稻籽粒产量分别比纯化肥处理(N-P-K处理)提高了10.02%和6.16%,糙米蛋白质含量分别提高了7.55%和5.33%,蛋白质产量分别提高了22.20%和20.60%,净收入分别提高了19.45%和26.85%,产投比分别提高了10.51%和14.76%。
2.氮中量栽培法可明显提高水稻灌浆前、中期叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性;明显提高水稻灌浆中、后期籽粒蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性;显著提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率;显著促进水稻叶片蔗糖和可溶性糖的合成与转运。氮中量栽培法处理水稻株高、穗长、有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、理论产量和产量最高,产量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了12.02%、8.47%和24.81%。
3.氮中量栽培法可明显提高水稻灌浆中、后期叶片硝酸还原酶和蛋白水解酶活性以及水稻灌浆前、中期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性,显著提高水稻灌浆中、后期籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性;显著促进水稻氮素的吸收与转运。氮中量栽培法早稻糙米蛋白氮含量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了0.92 g/kg、1.84 g/kg和2.00 g/kg;晚稻糙米蛋白氮含量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了0.30g/kg、3.33 g/kg和3.40 g/kg。氮中量栽培法处理早稻糙米蛋白质产量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理提高了8.20%、19.25%、26.21%;晚稻分别提高了12.54%、18.32%、45.72%。
4.与常规栽培法相比,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系能明显促进灌浆中后期饲料稻功能叶和籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶的活性,明显提高饲料稻糙米氨基酸、人体7种必需氨基酸、猪11种必需氨基酸、鸡14种必需氨基酸和蛋白质含量、产量和蛋白质产量;在促进饲料稻功能叶、籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶活性和提高糙米蛋白质产量等指标方面,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系比三壮三高栽培法更具有优势。水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系饲料稻早稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、习惯栽培法分别提高了3.33%和27.88%,人体7种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了6.70%和31.17%,猪11种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了5.03%和34.40%,鸡14种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了6.78%和29.71%,蛋白氮含量分别提高3.36%和16.97%,蛋白质产量分别提高12.73%和40.58%。水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系饲料稻晚稻糙米氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、习惯栽培法分别提高了4.09%和31.92%,人体7种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了9.33%和53.97%,猪11种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了4.47%和66.36%,鸡14种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了8.52%和64.68%,蛋白氮含量分别提高3.25%和16.97%,蛋白质产量分别提高32.00%和55.09%。
5.与常规栽培法相比,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系能明显提高灌浆中后期食用稻功能叶和籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶的活性,明显提高食用稻糙米氨基酸、人体7种必需氨基酸和蛋白质含量、产量和蛋白质产量;除早稻蛋白质产量外,其他指标水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系与三壮三高栽培法之间差异不显著。水稻高蛋白高产栽培技术体系早稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法分别提高了4.09%和31.92%,人体7种必需氨基酸的含量分别提高了2.99%和33.06%,蛋白氮含量分别提高了6.76%和27.57%,蛋白质产量分别提高了15.72%和38.64%;食用稻晚稻高蛋白高产栽培技术体系晚稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法分别提高了2.24%和42.98%,人体7种必需氨基酸的含量分别提高了9.20%和58.05%,蛋白氮含量分别提高了1.74%和26.06%,蛋白质产量分别提高了2.80%和59.42%。
6.饲料稻品种谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶活性高于食用稻品种;饲料稻品种和食用稻品种功能叶谷草转氨酶活性和天冬氨酸激酶活性在蜡熟期差异显著,籽粒谷草转氨酶活性在蜡熟期和黄熟期差异显著,籽粒天冬氨酸激酶活性在乳熟期和蜡熟期差异极显著。饲料稻品种糙米中人体7种必需氨基酸含量、猪11种必需氨基酸含量、鸡14种必需氨基酸含量、氨基酸含量、籽粒产量、糙米蛋白氮含量和糙米蛋白质产量与食用稻品种之间差异显著或极显著。
Rice is a kind of low-protein crops,increasing the contents of protein and amino acid of rice corn has become a struggling target of agronomist for a long time.Field plot experiment was used in this study,"rice special fertilizer of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" and "rice optimum nitrogen application of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" were studied in this paper,and the results of research teams which included "high-protein and high-yield cultivation method", "double-promotion regulator" etc were combined into high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.In additions,the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the effects of high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid in rice grains were discussed by way of the photosynthetic characteristic,key enzyme of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and the key enzyme of amino acid metabolism etc in this paper.
The results have been showed as follows,
1.The absorption and transportation of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium (K) in plant were accelerated by treatment of N-P-K-O-Si(application of silicon and manganese fertilizer,organic fertilizer,chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer) under the equal level of N,P,K condition,and net photosynthesis rate,grains yield,protein content and protein yield of brown rice, economic benefit of rice production were increased significantly.Compared with N-P-K treatment(application of chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer),under N-P-K-O-Si treatment,the grains yields,protein content of brown flee,protein yield of brown rice,net income and input-output ratio of early flee were increased 10.02%,7.55%,22.20%,19.45%and 10.51%,respectively. The same indexes of late rice were increased 6.16%,5.33%,20.60%,26.85%and 14.76%,respectively.
2.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase(SUS) in leaves were increased significantly during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),sucrose synthase(SUS) and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase(AGPGPase) in grains were increased significantly during the middle and late filling stage,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of leaves were increased significantly and the synthesis and transportation of sucrose and soluble sugar were improved significantly.The plant height,panicle length,effective spike,full spiketlets per panicle,Seed rate,1000-grain weight,theoretic yield and real yield by medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method were the highest.The grain yield were raised 12.02%,8.47%and 24.81%,respectively.
3.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose nitrate reductase(NR) and protease in leaves during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose glutamine synthase and glutamine transferase in leaves during the early and middle filling stage and in grains during the middle and late filling stage and the absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant were improved significantly.In the same way,the protein N content and protein yield in brown rice grain were the highest,the protein N contents in early brown rice were raised 5.75 g/kg,11.50 g/kg,12.50 g/kg and in late brown rice grain were raised 1.88 g/kg,20.81 g/kg,22.25 g/kg,respectively;the protein yield in early brown ricc grain were raised 8.20%,19.25%,26.21%and in late brown rice grain were raised 12.54%,18.32%,45.72%,respectively.
4.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study,and the combination of early rice(XiangFengzao119) and late rice(PeiLiangyou 288) used as study material to discuss the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method,san-zhuang- san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid and their function mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method,the activities of Glutamicoxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and aspartokinase(AK) in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain,the primary restrictive amino acid of pig), threonine(restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain)and methionine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain),7 kinds of essential amino acid for people(Lys,Thr, Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig(Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr, Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook(Ser,Gly,Pro, Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr,Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),protein as well as protein yield in brown rice(fodder rice,i.e.high protein rice) were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.Compared with san-zhuang- san -gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,lysine,threonine,methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grain were raised 3.33%and 27.88%,7.83%and 23.17%,6.74%and 26.77%,13.48% and 52.38%,6.70%and 31.17%,5.03%and 34.40%,6.78%and 29.71%,3.36%and 16.97%,12.73%and 40.58%,respectively,the same indexes in late rice grains were raised 4.09%and 31.92%,13.26%and 69.42%,10.43%and 74.76%,7.44%and 28.99%, 9.33%and 53.97%,4.47%and 66.36%,8.52%and 64.68%,3.25%and 16.97%,42.00% and 55.09%,respectively.
5.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study and discussed the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method, san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of amino acid in eatable rice(low protein rice) grain and their fimction mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method, the activities of GOT and AK in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine and methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein as well as protein yield in brown rice were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method compared with conventional cultivation method.Except for protein content in early rice grains,the differences of other indexes between high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method and san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method are not significant.Compared with san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,lysine,methionine,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grains was raised 4.09%and 31.92%,2.99%and 33.06%,1.95%and 18.55%,6.54% and 31.98%,6.76%and 27.57%,15.72%and 38.64%,respectively,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein N as well as protein yield in late rice grains was raised 2.24%and 42.98%,9.20%and 58.05%,1.74%and 26.06%, 2.80%and 59.42%,respectively.
6.The GOT and AK activity of forage rice was higher than eatable rice;the differences of GOT and AK activity between forage rice and eatable rice in functional leaves were significant during the dough stage,the differences of GOT activities between dough stage and yellow ripe stage in rice grain were also significant,the differences of AK activities between milk stage and dough stage in grain were extremely significant.The differences of 7 kinds of essential amino acid content for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid content for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid content for chook,amino acid content,grain yield,protein-nitrogen content and protein yield of brown rice between forage rice and eatable rice were significant or extremely significant.
1.在氮、磷、钾养分水平相等的条件下,加施硅锰肥以及有机、无机肥配合施用处理(N-P-K-O-Si处理)促进了水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收与转运,显著提高了水稻功能叶净光合速率、籽粒产量、糙米蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量以及水稻生产的经济效益。N-P-K-O-Si处理早、晚稻籽粒产量分别比纯化肥处理(N-P-K处理)提高了10.02%和6.16%,糙米蛋白质含量分别提高了7.55%和5.33%,蛋白质产量分别提高了22.20%和20.60%,净收入分别提高了19.45%和26.85%,产投比分别提高了10.51%和14.76%。
2.氮中量栽培法可明显提高水稻灌浆前、中期叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性;明显提高水稻灌浆中、后期籽粒蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性;显著提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率;显著促进水稻叶片蔗糖和可溶性糖的合成与转运。氮中量栽培法处理水稻株高、穗长、有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、理论产量和产量最高,产量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了12.02%、8.47%和24.81%。
3.氮中量栽培法可明显提高水稻灌浆中、后期叶片硝酸还原酶和蛋白水解酶活性以及水稻灌浆前、中期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性,显著提高水稻灌浆中、后期籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性;显著促进水稻氮素的吸收与转运。氮中量栽培法早稻糙米蛋白氮含量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了0.92 g/kg、1.84 g/kg和2.00 g/kg;晚稻糙米蛋白氮含量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理处理提高了0.30g/kg、3.33 g/kg和3.40 g/kg。氮中量栽培法处理早稻糙米蛋白质产量分别比氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法和习惯栽培法处理提高了8.20%、19.25%、26.21%;晚稻分别提高了12.54%、18.32%、45.72%。
4.与常规栽培法相比,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系能明显促进灌浆中后期饲料稻功能叶和籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶的活性,明显提高饲料稻糙米氨基酸、人体7种必需氨基酸、猪11种必需氨基酸、鸡14种必需氨基酸和蛋白质含量、产量和蛋白质产量;在促进饲料稻功能叶、籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶活性和提高糙米蛋白质产量等指标方面,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系比三壮三高栽培法更具有优势。水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系饲料稻早稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、习惯栽培法分别提高了3.33%和27.88%,人体7种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了6.70%和31.17%,猪11种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了5.03%和34.40%,鸡14种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了6.78%和29.71%,蛋白氮含量分别提高3.36%和16.97%,蛋白质产量分别提高12.73%和40.58%。水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系饲料稻晚稻糙米氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、习惯栽培法分别提高了4.09%和31.92%,人体7种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了9.33%和53.97%,猪11种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了4.47%和66.36%,鸡14种必需氨基酸含量分别提高了8.52%和64.68%,蛋白氮含量分别提高3.25%和16.97%,蛋白质产量分别提高32.00%和55.09%。
5.与常规栽培法相比,水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系能明显提高灌浆中后期食用稻功能叶和籽粒中谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶的活性,明显提高食用稻糙米氨基酸、人体7种必需氨基酸和蛋白质含量、产量和蛋白质产量;除早稻蛋白质产量外,其他指标水稻高蛋白高产栽培综合技术体系与三壮三高栽培法之间差异不显著。水稻高蛋白高产栽培技术体系早稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法分别提高了4.09%和31.92%,人体7种必需氨基酸的含量分别提高了2.99%和33.06%,蛋白氮含量分别提高了6.76%和27.57%,蛋白质产量分别提高了15.72%和38.64%;食用稻晚稻高蛋白高产栽培技术体系晚稻糙米的氨基酸含量比三壮三高栽培法、常规栽培法分别提高了2.24%和42.98%,人体7种必需氨基酸的含量分别提高了9.20%和58.05%,蛋白氮含量分别提高了1.74%和26.06%,蛋白质产量分别提高了2.80%和59.42%。
6.饲料稻品种谷草转氨酶和天冬氨酸激酶活性高于食用稻品种;饲料稻品种和食用稻品种功能叶谷草转氨酶活性和天冬氨酸激酶活性在蜡熟期差异显著,籽粒谷草转氨酶活性在蜡熟期和黄熟期差异显著,籽粒天冬氨酸激酶活性在乳熟期和蜡熟期差异极显著。饲料稻品种糙米中人体7种必需氨基酸含量、猪11种必需氨基酸含量、鸡14种必需氨基酸含量、氨基酸含量、籽粒产量、糙米蛋白氮含量和糙米蛋白质产量与食用稻品种之间差异显著或极显著。
Rice is a kind of low-protein crops,increasing the contents of protein and amino acid of rice corn has become a struggling target of agronomist for a long time.Field plot experiment was used in this study,"rice special fertilizer of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" and "rice optimum nitrogen application of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" were studied in this paper,and the results of research teams which included "high-protein and high-yield cultivation method", "double-promotion regulator" etc were combined into high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.In additions,the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the effects of high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid in rice grains were discussed by way of the photosynthetic characteristic,key enzyme of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and the key enzyme of amino acid metabolism etc in this paper.
The results have been showed as follows,
1.The absorption and transportation of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium (K) in plant were accelerated by treatment of N-P-K-O-Si(application of silicon and manganese fertilizer,organic fertilizer,chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer) under the equal level of N,P,K condition,and net photosynthesis rate,grains yield,protein content and protein yield of brown rice, economic benefit of rice production were increased significantly.Compared with N-P-K treatment(application of chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer),under N-P-K-O-Si treatment,the grains yields,protein content of brown flee,protein yield of brown rice,net income and input-output ratio of early flee were increased 10.02%,7.55%,22.20%,19.45%and 10.51%,respectively. The same indexes of late rice were increased 6.16%,5.33%,20.60%,26.85%and 14.76%,respectively.
2.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase(SUS) in leaves were increased significantly during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),sucrose synthase(SUS) and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase(AGPGPase) in grains were increased significantly during the middle and late filling stage,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of leaves were increased significantly and the synthesis and transportation of sucrose and soluble sugar were improved significantly.The plant height,panicle length,effective spike,full spiketlets per panicle,Seed rate,1000-grain weight,theoretic yield and real yield by medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method were the highest.The grain yield were raised 12.02%,8.47%and 24.81%,respectively.
3.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose nitrate reductase(NR) and protease in leaves during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose glutamine synthase and glutamine transferase in leaves during the early and middle filling stage and in grains during the middle and late filling stage and the absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant were improved significantly.In the same way,the protein N content and protein yield in brown rice grain were the highest,the protein N contents in early brown rice were raised 5.75 g/kg,11.50 g/kg,12.50 g/kg and in late brown rice grain were raised 1.88 g/kg,20.81 g/kg,22.25 g/kg,respectively;the protein yield in early brown ricc grain were raised 8.20%,19.25%,26.21%and in late brown rice grain were raised 12.54%,18.32%,45.72%,respectively.
4.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study,and the combination of early rice(XiangFengzao119) and late rice(PeiLiangyou 288) used as study material to discuss the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method,san-zhuang- san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid and their function mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method,the activities of Glutamicoxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and aspartokinase(AK) in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain,the primary restrictive amino acid of pig), threonine(restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain)and methionine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain),7 kinds of essential amino acid for people(Lys,Thr, Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig(Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr, Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook(Ser,Gly,Pro, Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr,Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),protein as well as protein yield in brown rice(fodder rice,i.e.high protein rice) were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.Compared with san-zhuang- san -gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,lysine,threonine,methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grain were raised 3.33%and 27.88%,7.83%and 23.17%,6.74%and 26.77%,13.48% and 52.38%,6.70%and 31.17%,5.03%and 34.40%,6.78%and 29.71%,3.36%and 16.97%,12.73%and 40.58%,respectively,the same indexes in late rice grains were raised 4.09%and 31.92%,13.26%and 69.42%,10.43%and 74.76%,7.44%and 28.99%, 9.33%and 53.97%,4.47%and 66.36%,8.52%and 64.68%,3.25%and 16.97%,42.00% and 55.09%,respectively.
5.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study and discussed the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method, san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of amino acid in eatable rice(low protein rice) grain and their fimction mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method, the activities of GOT and AK in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine and methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein as well as protein yield in brown rice were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method compared with conventional cultivation method.Except for protein content in early rice grains,the differences of other indexes between high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method and san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method are not significant.Compared with san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,lysine,methionine,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grains was raised 4.09%and 31.92%,2.99%and 33.06%,1.95%and 18.55%,6.54% and 31.98%,6.76%and 27.57%,15.72%and 38.64%,respectively,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein N as well as protein yield in late rice grains was raised 2.24%and 42.98%,9.20%and 58.05%,1.74%and 26.06%, 2.80%and 59.42%,respectively.
6.The GOT and AK activity of forage rice was higher than eatable rice;the differences of GOT and AK activity between forage rice and eatable rice in functional leaves were significant during the dough stage,the differences of GOT activities between dough stage and yellow ripe stage in rice grain were also significant,the differences of AK activities between milk stage and dough stage in grain were extremely significant.The differences of 7 kinds of essential amino acid content for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid content for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid content for chook,amino acid content,grain yield,protein-nitrogen content and protein yield of brown rice between forage rice and eatable rice were significant or extremely significant.
引文
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