RFID在自主转向轨道车中的应用研究
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摘要
射频识别技术(RFID)一种新兴的自动识别技术,目前广泛应用在货物采购与分配、商业贸易和物流等领域中,在交通行业的应用主要存在于自动收费等方面。目前,RFID在车辆自动控制方面中的应用尚为少见。鉴于轨道交通具有运营速度高,运输能力大,运营费用低,安全、舒适,对环境影响小等特点,我校提出了独轨车的概念,并建立了模型。
本课题在我校建筑学院教授申请的北京市自然科学基金项目、北京市教育委员会科技发展计划重点项目——自主转向悬挂式独轨车及其轨道结构研究的基础上,建立了RFID在自主转向轨道车中的应用模型,提出了相关的解决方案,利用RFID系统中的标签作为轨道道路信息的存储载体,读写器作为车辆上信息采集系统,读写器中的微处理器作为采集到的信息的处理单元,同时作为控制信号的产生单元,从而实现车辆的转向控制。
论文首先介绍目前存在的多种智能车辆导航方式,并对它们进行较全面的比较和分析,介绍使用RFID技术的优势所在;然后阐述RFID系统的组成和技术原理,重点介绍RFID系统中读写器的组成以及UHF频段的读写器设计方案;其次分析RFID在自主转向车中的应用模型设计,硬件连接以及代码实现等;最后提出基于本研究的基础上可以进行的拓展工作等。
随着RFID标准的不断确立,以及国家对RFID的推广和大力支持,将RFID应用在自主转向车辆中的研究,具有很现实的意义。首先,首次在自主转向车辆控制系统研究中采用RFID技术,不仅提出一种新颖的轨道车辆的智能导航方式,而且在某种程度上使RFID技术在交通行业的应用得到进一步的拓展;其次,RFID的高速识别速度适应轨道交通中行车速度快的特点,而且系统采用RFID和GIS相结合的方式,建立了一个较为完善的系统构成;再次,系统研究了一款集数据采集、数据处理、车辆控制等于一体的车载读写器系统,充分利用了硬件资源,减少了系统冗余;最后,利用RFID进行转向控制的系统,可以方便地进行系统功能的扩充,实现车辆行驶过程中的进行物体的上传和下载等。
As a newly developed automatic identification technology, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is currently widely applied in the fields such as procurement and distribution of goods, trade, logistics and so on, and it mainly for automatic toll use in transportation. However, it is still seldom applied to vehicle automatic control. For the following features of railway transportation such as higher-speed operation, higher transport capacity, lower cost, safe and comfortable, less harm to environment and so on, we put forward the concept and modeled for a kind of single-railway car.
On the basis of the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project and Beijing Municipal Education Commission's Key Project, Study of Auto-veering suspended single-railway car and it's railway structure, this subject set up a applied model of RFID used in auto-veering railway car, and put forward related resolvent, that is to use tags of RFID system as memory units of roadway information, reader as an information collection system installed in the car, the micro-processor as the processing unit of gathered information and generating unit of controlling signals, as to control veer of the car.
In this paper, it firstly introduces several kinds of currently used navigating methods of intelligent vehicle, compares and analyzes these methods in detail, and put forward advantages to use RFID. Then, it describes structure and technology theory of RFID system, mainly introduces structure of reader in RFID and the design of UHF reader. After that, it describes design of system applying RFID to auto-veering car, which includes hardware connection and coding. At last, it brings forward some suggestion on the father research based on this subject.
RFID standard is being established step by step, and being spread and supported by the state, so it makes great sense to apply RFID to auto-veering car. Firstly, to use RFID technology in such a system, not only brings forward a novel navigating method of railway car, but also extends the application of RFID in transportation at a certain extend. Secondly, the high-speed recognizing makes RFID adapt for the railway traffic which is character of high travel speed, and combination of RFID and GIS makes a completely system. Thirdly, to design a kind of reader that can gather information, process data and control the train makes a great sense. It can make enough use of the hardware and reduce system redundancy. Finally, the system using RFID can be easily extended in the next research.
本课题在我校建筑学院教授申请的北京市自然科学基金项目、北京市教育委员会科技发展计划重点项目——自主转向悬挂式独轨车及其轨道结构研究的基础上,建立了RFID在自主转向轨道车中的应用模型,提出了相关的解决方案,利用RFID系统中的标签作为轨道道路信息的存储载体,读写器作为车辆上信息采集系统,读写器中的微处理器作为采集到的信息的处理单元,同时作为控制信号的产生单元,从而实现车辆的转向控制。
论文首先介绍目前存在的多种智能车辆导航方式,并对它们进行较全面的比较和分析,介绍使用RFID技术的优势所在;然后阐述RFID系统的组成和技术原理,重点介绍RFID系统中读写器的组成以及UHF频段的读写器设计方案;其次分析RFID在自主转向车中的应用模型设计,硬件连接以及代码实现等;最后提出基于本研究的基础上可以进行的拓展工作等。
随着RFID标准的不断确立,以及国家对RFID的推广和大力支持,将RFID应用在自主转向车辆中的研究,具有很现实的意义。首先,首次在自主转向车辆控制系统研究中采用RFID技术,不仅提出一种新颖的轨道车辆的智能导航方式,而且在某种程度上使RFID技术在交通行业的应用得到进一步的拓展;其次,RFID的高速识别速度适应轨道交通中行车速度快的特点,而且系统采用RFID和GIS相结合的方式,建立了一个较为完善的系统构成;再次,系统研究了一款集数据采集、数据处理、车辆控制等于一体的车载读写器系统,充分利用了硬件资源,减少了系统冗余;最后,利用RFID进行转向控制的系统,可以方便地进行系统功能的扩充,实现车辆行驶过程中的进行物体的上传和下载等。
As a newly developed automatic identification technology, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is currently widely applied in the fields such as procurement and distribution of goods, trade, logistics and so on, and it mainly for automatic toll use in transportation. However, it is still seldom applied to vehicle automatic control. For the following features of railway transportation such as higher-speed operation, higher transport capacity, lower cost, safe and comfortable, less harm to environment and so on, we put forward the concept and modeled for a kind of single-railway car.
On the basis of the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project and Beijing Municipal Education Commission's Key Project, Study of Auto-veering suspended single-railway car and it's railway structure, this subject set up a applied model of RFID used in auto-veering railway car, and put forward related resolvent, that is to use tags of RFID system as memory units of roadway information, reader as an information collection system installed in the car, the micro-processor as the processing unit of gathered information and generating unit of controlling signals, as to control veer of the car.
In this paper, it firstly introduces several kinds of currently used navigating methods of intelligent vehicle, compares and analyzes these methods in detail, and put forward advantages to use RFID. Then, it describes structure and technology theory of RFID system, mainly introduces structure of reader in RFID and the design of UHF reader. After that, it describes design of system applying RFID to auto-veering car, which includes hardware connection and coding. At last, it brings forward some suggestion on the father research based on this subject.
RFID standard is being established step by step, and being spread and supported by the state, so it makes great sense to apply RFID to auto-veering car. Firstly, to use RFID technology in such a system, not only brings forward a novel navigating method of railway car, but also extends the application of RFID in transportation at a certain extend. Secondly, the high-speed recognizing makes RFID adapt for the railway traffic which is character of high travel speed, and combination of RFID and GIS makes a completely system. Thirdly, to design a kind of reader that can gather information, process data and control the train makes a great sense. It can make enough use of the hardware and reduce system redundancy. Finally, the system using RFID can be easily extended in the next research.
引文
[1].韩俊淑,韩佳文,高翔等.智能车辆的研究与发展.世界汽车[J],2003(Vol.9)
[2].Jahng-Hyon Park,Se-Hee Ryu.Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Converging Vehicles for Automated Transportation Systems,Proceedings of the American Control Conference San Diego,California-June 1999
[3].徐友春,王荣本,李兵,等.智能车辆近况综述.汽车工程[J],2001(Vol.23)No.5
[4].向怀坤,刘小明.车辆导航系统的研究开发现状与趋势.汽车工程[J],2001(Vol.23)No.5
[5].杨涛.RFID在智能交通领域的应用.现代物流技术[J],Vol(29)
[6].陈红华.ETC技术及其发展.公路交通科技[J],2004(6):71-74
[7].李元忠.射频识别技术及其在交通领域的应用.电讯技术[J],2002(5):5-9
[8].王可平.城市公共交通信息系统的构成与实践.城市公共交通[J],2000(5):27-31
[9].黄艳波.射频识别技术在智能交通领域的应用浅析.国际智能交通[J],2005(1/2):39-42
[10].游战清,李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[11].周寒冰,刘海涛,王小明.高速公路收费站汽车RFID系统.电子技术[J],2006.3
[12].John G..Proakis著,张力军等译.数字通信[M].电子工业出版社,2001
[13].[德]Klaus Finkenzeller著,吴晓峰,陈大才译.射频识别技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.10
[14].林树功,蔡竞业.射频识别技术原理分析[Z].http://www.eetchina.com/,2004-10
[15].李洪英.射频识别系统的研究.大连交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[16].中山市智能IC卡工程技术研究中心.超高频智能标签芯片UCODE HSL.企业采风[J],2006.2
[17].程良伦,刘学俐.一种UHF及微波段RFID标签芯片的研究与应用.微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC)[J],2006(22)
[18].ISO/IEC 2002.ISO/IEC CD 18000-6.http://www.rfidworld.com.cn
[19].陈慧南.数据结构——C语言描述[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[20].高志伟.Visual C++程序设计教程与上机指导[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[21].吴必军,李利新,雷小平.基于城市道路数据库的最短路径搜索.西南交通大学学报[J],Vol.38;No.181-82.
[22].王忠礼.基于VB与MapX控件的长春市通用电子地图的研制与开发.硕士学位论文,吉林大学,2005.
[23].颜辉武,吴小芳,祝国瑞.VC++环境下基于MapX空间的GIS应用软件的开发.昆明理工大学学报[J],Vol.26;No.6 13-14.
[24].任哲,潘树林,等.嵌入式操作系统基础μC/OS-Ⅱ和Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.8
[25].(美)拉伯罗斯著;邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[26]Pala,Z.Inanc,N.Smart Parking Applications Using RFID Technology,RFID Eurasia,2007 1st Annual
[27]Yi Zhi Zhao Oon Peen Gan.Distributed Design of RFID Network for Large-Scale RFID Deployment,Industrial Informatics,2006 IEEE International Conference
[28].Ickjin Kwon Yunseong Eo Heemun Bang etc..A Single-Chip CMOS Transceiver for UHF Mobile RFID Reader,Solid-State Circuits,IEEE Journal
[29].K.Finkenzeller RFID Handbook,Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications,2nd ed.New York:Wiley,2003.
[30].I.Kwon,H.Bang,K.Choi,S.Jeon,S.Jung,D.Lee,Y.Eo,H.Lee and B.Chung "A single-chip CMOS transceiver for UHF mobile RFID reader,"IEEE ISSCC Dig.Tech.Papers,2007,p.216.
[31].Preradovic,S.Karmakar,N.C..Development of a Simple Low-Cost RFID Reader,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2006.ICECE'06.International Conference
[32].Xiaohua,Wang Xiaoguang,Zhou Baisheng,Sun.Design for UHF RFID Reader and Selection for Key Parts,Automation and Logistics,2007 IEEE International Conference
[33].周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[34].广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.LPC2210使用指南.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[35].范博.射频电路原理与实用电路设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.8,252-254
[36].Silicon Laboratories Inc..Si4133 DataSheet Revisionl.6.http://www.silabs.com
[37].刘华平,郭伟.集成锁相坏芯片Si4133的原理及应用[Z]. http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj06
[38].M/A-COM Inc..AT-113 DataSheet VS.http://www.macom.com
[39].蒋泰,李柏.UHF频段射频识别读写器的设计.广西工学院学报[J],(Vol.18)NO.1
[40].RF Micro Devices,Inc..RF2173 DataSheet.http://www.rfmd.com
[41].广州电子技术网.http://gzdzw.51.net/newpage17.htm,2008.3
[42].深圳市华扬通信技术有限公司.http://www.rfhy.com/gb2312/ProductShow.asp?id=5
[43].周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.10
[44].周晓光,王晓华,王伟.射频识别(RFID)系统设计、仿真与应用[M].北京:电出版社,2008.3
[45].百度百科.继电器.http://baike.baidu.com/view/39560.htm
[46].刘华平,郭伟.集成锁相环芯片Si4133的原理与应用.中电网,http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj06/xsj072921w.asp
[47].南利平著.通信原理简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[48].单承赣,周颖琦.一种简洁实用的曼彻斯特码与密勒码编码器.电子元器件应用[J],2005.7
[49].单承赣,梁华东,焦宗东.ISO 18000-6中的FMO编码和PIE编码的编码技术,REID 商情[J],2007.8
[2].Jahng-Hyon Park,Se-Hee Ryu.Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Converging Vehicles for Automated Transportation Systems,Proceedings of the American Control Conference San Diego,California-June 1999
[3].徐友春,王荣本,李兵,等.智能车辆近况综述.汽车工程[J],2001(Vol.23)No.5
[4].向怀坤,刘小明.车辆导航系统的研究开发现状与趋势.汽车工程[J],2001(Vol.23)No.5
[5].杨涛.RFID在智能交通领域的应用.现代物流技术[J],Vol(29)
[6].陈红华.ETC技术及其发展.公路交通科技[J],2004(6):71-74
[7].李元忠.射频识别技术及其在交通领域的应用.电讯技术[J],2002(5):5-9
[8].王可平.城市公共交通信息系统的构成与实践.城市公共交通[J],2000(5):27-31
[9].黄艳波.射频识别技术在智能交通领域的应用浅析.国际智能交通[J],2005(1/2):39-42
[10].游战清,李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[11].周寒冰,刘海涛,王小明.高速公路收费站汽车RFID系统.电子技术[J],2006.3
[12].John G..Proakis著,张力军等译.数字通信[M].电子工业出版社,2001
[13].[德]Klaus Finkenzeller著,吴晓峰,陈大才译.射频识别技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.10
[14].林树功,蔡竞业.射频识别技术原理分析[Z].http://www.eetchina.com/,2004-10
[15].李洪英.射频识别系统的研究.大连交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[16].中山市智能IC卡工程技术研究中心.超高频智能标签芯片UCODE HSL.企业采风[J],2006.2
[17].程良伦,刘学俐.一种UHF及微波段RFID标签芯片的研究与应用.微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC)[J],2006(22)
[18].ISO/IEC 2002.ISO/IEC CD 18000-6.http://www.rfidworld.com.cn
[19].陈慧南.数据结构——C语言描述[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[20].高志伟.Visual C++程序设计教程与上机指导[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[21].吴必军,李利新,雷小平.基于城市道路数据库的最短路径搜索.西南交通大学学报[J],Vol.38;No.181-82.
[22].王忠礼.基于VB与MapX控件的长春市通用电子地图的研制与开发.硕士学位论文,吉林大学,2005.
[23].颜辉武,吴小芳,祝国瑞.VC++环境下基于MapX空间的GIS应用软件的开发.昆明理工大学学报[J],Vol.26;No.6 13-14.
[24].任哲,潘树林,等.嵌入式操作系统基础μC/OS-Ⅱ和Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.8
[25].(美)拉伯罗斯著;邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[26]Pala,Z.Inanc,N.Smart Parking Applications Using RFID Technology,RFID Eurasia,2007 1st Annual
[27]Yi Zhi Zhao Oon Peen Gan.Distributed Design of RFID Network for Large-Scale RFID Deployment,Industrial Informatics,2006 IEEE International Conference
[28].Ickjin Kwon Yunseong Eo Heemun Bang etc..A Single-Chip CMOS Transceiver for UHF Mobile RFID Reader,Solid-State Circuits,IEEE Journal
[29].K.Finkenzeller RFID Handbook,Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications,2nd ed.New York:Wiley,2003.
[30].I.Kwon,H.Bang,K.Choi,S.Jeon,S.Jung,D.Lee,Y.Eo,H.Lee and B.Chung "A single-chip CMOS transceiver for UHF mobile RFID reader,"IEEE ISSCC Dig.Tech.Papers,2007,p.216.
[31].Preradovic,S.Karmakar,N.C..Development of a Simple Low-Cost RFID Reader,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2006.ICECE'06.International Conference
[32].Xiaohua,Wang Xiaoguang,Zhou Baisheng,Sun.Design for UHF RFID Reader and Selection for Key Parts,Automation and Logistics,2007 IEEE International Conference
[33].周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[34].广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.LPC2210使用指南.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[35].范博.射频电路原理与实用电路设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.8,252-254
[36].Silicon Laboratories Inc..Si4133 DataSheet Revisionl.6.http://www.silabs.com
[37].刘华平,郭伟.集成锁相坏芯片Si4133的原理及应用[Z]. http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj06
[38].M/A-COM Inc..AT-113 DataSheet VS.http://www.macom.com
[39].蒋泰,李柏.UHF频段射频识别读写器的设计.广西工学院学报[J],(Vol.18)NO.1
[40].RF Micro Devices,Inc..RF2173 DataSheet.http://www.rfmd.com
[41].广州电子技术网.http://gzdzw.51.net/newpage17.htm,2008.3
[42].深圳市华扬通信技术有限公司.http://www.rfhy.com/gb2312/ProductShow.asp?id=5
[43].周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.10
[44].周晓光,王晓华,王伟.射频识别(RFID)系统设计、仿真与应用[M].北京:电出版社,2008.3
[45].百度百科.继电器.http://baike.baidu.com/view/39560.htm
[46].刘华平,郭伟.集成锁相环芯片Si4133的原理与应用.中电网,http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj06/xsj072921w.asp
[47].南利平著.通信原理简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[48].单承赣,周颖琦.一种简洁实用的曼彻斯特码与密勒码编码器.电子元器件应用[J],2005.7
[49].单承赣,梁华东,焦宗东.ISO 18000-6中的FMO编码和PIE编码的编码技术,REID 商情[J],2007.8