面向工程实践的北京市交叉口信号控制方法研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的高速发展,城市化进程加快,汽车保有量迅速增加,道路拥挤等交通问题日显突出。特别是以北京市为代表的特大城市,交通堵塞现象时常发生,不仅明显降低了人们日常的工作效率,并且严重影响了城市的正常运转,由此带来的损失不可估计。寻找多种有效疏导城市车辆、减少交通堵塞的方法是一项具有巨大现实意义的工作。对于北京市而言,高峰时段快速路、主干路及部分次干路拥堵严重,城市道路的瓶颈在交叉口,交叉口的信号控制是影响城市道路交通运行效率的重要因素,信号控制的再设计是目前进行北京市交叉口优化设计,解决或缓解交通拥堵的重要手段之一。
本文以北京市公安局公安交通管理局近期优化的110个交叉口为研究对象,针对110个交叉口信号控制设计过程中遇到的难点问题,研究面向工程实践的城市交叉口信号控制方法,涉及三个层次：定时控制、感应控制和自适应控制。在进行北京市交叉口信号控制现状与发展分析的基础上,首先从北京市普遍应用的定时控制入手,研究了基于Synchro的城市干线协调控制建模方法；然后,从北京市交叉口信号控制的长远出发,研究了基于VAP的感应控制建模方法；最后,针对感应控制的缺陷,引入智能算法实施自适应控制,研究了基于Matlab和VAP的模糊控制建模方法。具体内容如下：
(1)研究了基于Synchro的城市干线协调控制建模方法,从车道利用修正、待驶区保护型左转修正、许可型左转修正、最短绿灯时间四个方面入手,结合实际的交通调查,提出了适用于北京市交叉口点控与线控的Synchro参数修正方法,并以北京市大兴区亦庄新区的荣华路为例,进行了实证研究。实证表明,优化方案效果明显,参数修正方法弥补了基于Synchro软件的缺陷。
(2)研究了基于VAP的城市交叉口感应信号控制建模方法,解决了VAP基本参数设置和左转待驶区设计等基本建模问题,并以北京市南中轴BRT专线为例,从全感应控制、公交感应控制、半感应控制三个方面,进行了北京市交叉口公交信号优先设计与仿真的实证研究。实证表明,定时控制、全感应控制、公交感应控制、半感应控制均具有一定的优势和劣势,应结合相关的交通政策进行方案的确定。
(3)研究了城市交叉口模糊控制设计与仿真建模方法,基于Matlab设计了四种城市交叉口模糊控制器,研究了基于神经网络的模糊控制方法,并试图将模糊控制引入VAP的建模中,提出了基于VAP的城市交叉口模糊控制设计与仿真建模方法,进行了实证研究。实证表明,控制效果与成本成反比,即神经网络模糊控制效果最优,两级模糊控制次之,感应控制效果稍差于两级模糊控制,定时控制最差。
总的来说,本文从工程实践角度出发,旨在解决北京市110个交叉口信号控制优化过程中遇到的难点问题,研究了目前迫切需要实现的基于Synchro的定时控制方法,从交叉口信号控制的长远出发,探索性的研究了基于VAP的交叉口感应信号控制与模糊控制的建模方法,解决了交叉口模糊控制中VAP与Matlab的交互问题。
With China's rapid economic development, urbanization gets fast in progress, car ownership increases rapidly, thus traffic problems like road congestion are getting more obvious each day. Particularly, in mega-cities represented by Beijing, traffic jams occur frequently, which not only significantly reduce people's daily work efficiency, but also has seriously affected the normal operation of the city, resulting in losses impossible to estimate. It is work of great practical significance to look for a variety of effective ways to disperse vehicles on the roads and reduce congestions. For Beijing, city expressways, major roads and part of the secondary roads are seriously congested during peak hours, and the bottlenecks locate in the urban road intersections. The intersection traffic signal control is an important factor to affect the operating efficiency of urban road network and traffic control signal re-design is one of the important means to optimize intersection design, solve or alleviate the traffic congestion in Beijing.
This thesis chooses recently optimized110intersections by the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau as the research objects. For the difficult problems encountered in the signal control design process of the110intersections, engineering-practice-oriented urban traffic signal control methods are studied, which involves three levels:timing control, inductive control and self-adaptive control. Based on the analysis of status and development of intersection signal control in Beijing, this thesis starts from the universally applied timing control in Beijing, and studies the city major roads coordinated control modeling method based on Synchro; then from the long-term perspective of intersection signal control in Beijing, this thesis studies inductive control modeling approach based on VAP; finally, focusing on the shortcomings of inductive control, the thesis induces intelligent algorithm to implement self-adaptive control, and studies fuzzy modeling method based on Matlab and VAP. Details are as follows:
(1) City major road coordinated control modeling method is studied based on Synchro, and this thesis goes deeper in four aspects namely driveway utilization amendment, protective left-turn amendment in left-turn waiting area, permitted left-turn amendment and the minimum green time. Combined with actual traffic survey, the thesis proposes the point control and line control parameter correction method applicable for intersections in Beijing based on Synchro, and take Ronghua Road in Yizhuang New Area, Daxing District for example, to carry out an empirical study. As the result indicates, the optimization effect is obvious, and the parameter correction method compensate for the defects based on Synchro.
(2) Urban intersection inductive signal control modeling method based on VAP is studied, and fundamental model problems of basic parameter settings and left-turn waiting area design in VAP are solved. The South Axis BRT Line of Beijing is taken as an example and intersection bus signal priority design and simulation of empirical research is carried out from three aspects namely full-inductive control, bus-inductive control, semi-inductive control. As the results show, timing control, full-inductive control, bus-inductive control, and semi-inductive control each has certain advantages and disadvantages and the method should be decided according to related transport policy.
(3) The thesis studies the urban intersection fuzzy control design and simulation modeling method, designs four kinds of urban intersection fuzzy controller based on Matlab, studies the fuzzy control method based on neural network, attempts to induce fuzzy control to the modeling of VAP and proposes urban intersection fuzzy control design and simulation modeling method based on VAP, which is tested by empirical study. As the empirical evidence shows, the control effect and the cost is inversely proportional, that is to say, the neural network fuzzy optimal control method is the most effective, the two-level fuzzy control goes after it, followed by the inductive control and timing control is the worst in efficiency.
In conclusion, starting from the perspective of engineering practice, the thesis aims to solve the difficult problems encountered in signal control optimization process of the chosen110intersections in Beijing, and studies the implementation of timing control method based on Synchro, which is in urgent need. From the long-term perspective of intersection signal control, the thesis carries out and exploratory study of intersection inductive signal control and fuzzy control modeling methods based on VAP, which solves the interaction of VAP with Matlab in urban interaction fuzzy control.
本文以北京市公安局公安交通管理局近期优化的110个交叉口为研究对象,针对110个交叉口信号控制设计过程中遇到的难点问题,研究面向工程实践的城市交叉口信号控制方法,涉及三个层次：定时控制、感应控制和自适应控制。在进行北京市交叉口信号控制现状与发展分析的基础上,首先从北京市普遍应用的定时控制入手,研究了基于Synchro的城市干线协调控制建模方法；然后,从北京市交叉口信号控制的长远出发,研究了基于VAP的感应控制建模方法；最后,针对感应控制的缺陷,引入智能算法实施自适应控制,研究了基于Matlab和VAP的模糊控制建模方法。具体内容如下：
(1)研究了基于Synchro的城市干线协调控制建模方法,从车道利用修正、待驶区保护型左转修正、许可型左转修正、最短绿灯时间四个方面入手,结合实际的交通调查,提出了适用于北京市交叉口点控与线控的Synchro参数修正方法,并以北京市大兴区亦庄新区的荣华路为例,进行了实证研究。实证表明,优化方案效果明显,参数修正方法弥补了基于Synchro软件的缺陷。
(2)研究了基于VAP的城市交叉口感应信号控制建模方法,解决了VAP基本参数设置和左转待驶区设计等基本建模问题,并以北京市南中轴BRT专线为例,从全感应控制、公交感应控制、半感应控制三个方面,进行了北京市交叉口公交信号优先设计与仿真的实证研究。实证表明,定时控制、全感应控制、公交感应控制、半感应控制均具有一定的优势和劣势,应结合相关的交通政策进行方案的确定。
(3)研究了城市交叉口模糊控制设计与仿真建模方法,基于Matlab设计了四种城市交叉口模糊控制器,研究了基于神经网络的模糊控制方法,并试图将模糊控制引入VAP的建模中,提出了基于VAP的城市交叉口模糊控制设计与仿真建模方法,进行了实证研究。实证表明,控制效果与成本成反比,即神经网络模糊控制效果最优,两级模糊控制次之,感应控制效果稍差于两级模糊控制,定时控制最差。
总的来说,本文从工程实践角度出发,旨在解决北京市110个交叉口信号控制优化过程中遇到的难点问题,研究了目前迫切需要实现的基于Synchro的定时控制方法,从交叉口信号控制的长远出发,探索性的研究了基于VAP的交叉口感应信号控制与模糊控制的建模方法,解决了交叉口模糊控制中VAP与Matlab的交互问题。
With China's rapid economic development, urbanization gets fast in progress, car ownership increases rapidly, thus traffic problems like road congestion are getting more obvious each day. Particularly, in mega-cities represented by Beijing, traffic jams occur frequently, which not only significantly reduce people's daily work efficiency, but also has seriously affected the normal operation of the city, resulting in losses impossible to estimate. It is work of great practical significance to look for a variety of effective ways to disperse vehicles on the roads and reduce congestions. For Beijing, city expressways, major roads and part of the secondary roads are seriously congested during peak hours, and the bottlenecks locate in the urban road intersections. The intersection traffic signal control is an important factor to affect the operating efficiency of urban road network and traffic control signal re-design is one of the important means to optimize intersection design, solve or alleviate the traffic congestion in Beijing.
This thesis chooses recently optimized110intersections by the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau as the research objects. For the difficult problems encountered in the signal control design process of the110intersections, engineering-practice-oriented urban traffic signal control methods are studied, which involves three levels:timing control, inductive control and self-adaptive control. Based on the analysis of status and development of intersection signal control in Beijing, this thesis starts from the universally applied timing control in Beijing, and studies the city major roads coordinated control modeling method based on Synchro; then from the long-term perspective of intersection signal control in Beijing, this thesis studies inductive control modeling approach based on VAP; finally, focusing on the shortcomings of inductive control, the thesis induces intelligent algorithm to implement self-adaptive control, and studies fuzzy modeling method based on Matlab and VAP. Details are as follows:
(1) City major road coordinated control modeling method is studied based on Synchro, and this thesis goes deeper in four aspects namely driveway utilization amendment, protective left-turn amendment in left-turn waiting area, permitted left-turn amendment and the minimum green time. Combined with actual traffic survey, the thesis proposes the point control and line control parameter correction method applicable for intersections in Beijing based on Synchro, and take Ronghua Road in Yizhuang New Area, Daxing District for example, to carry out an empirical study. As the result indicates, the optimization effect is obvious, and the parameter correction method compensate for the defects based on Synchro.
(2) Urban intersection inductive signal control modeling method based on VAP is studied, and fundamental model problems of basic parameter settings and left-turn waiting area design in VAP are solved. The South Axis BRT Line of Beijing is taken as an example and intersection bus signal priority design and simulation of empirical research is carried out from three aspects namely full-inductive control, bus-inductive control, semi-inductive control. As the results show, timing control, full-inductive control, bus-inductive control, and semi-inductive control each has certain advantages and disadvantages and the method should be decided according to related transport policy.
(3) The thesis studies the urban intersection fuzzy control design and simulation modeling method, designs four kinds of urban intersection fuzzy controller based on Matlab, studies the fuzzy control method based on neural network, attempts to induce fuzzy control to the modeling of VAP and proposes urban intersection fuzzy control design and simulation modeling method based on VAP, which is tested by empirical study. As the empirical evidence shows, the control effect and the cost is inversely proportional, that is to say, the neural network fuzzy optimal control method is the most effective, the two-level fuzzy control goes after it, followed by the inductive control and timing control is the worst in efficiency.
In conclusion, starting from the perspective of engineering practice, the thesis aims to solve the difficult problems encountered in signal control optimization process of the chosen110intersections in Beijing, and studies the implementation of timing control method based on Synchro, which is in urgent need. From the long-term perspective of intersection signal control, the thesis carries out and exploratory study of intersection inductive signal control and fuzzy control modeling methods based on VAP, which solves the interaction of VAP with Matlab in urban interaction fuzzy control.
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