本体的构建及其在信息检索系统中的应用
摘要
随着网络的发展,信息呈几何级增长,而网络信息资源的载体多种多样,加上所处的平台及其使用的语言和标准并不一致这就给各个领域信息资源的管理和使用带来了诸多困难。人们面对庞大的信息资源感到无所适从。一方面网络信息资源高速增长,数量庞大,一方面人们想要找到自己真正需要的信息反而变得越来越困难。“信息过载”和“信息迷航”成为人们谈论最多的话题之一。要解决上述问题,必须克服传统检索技术的不足。而目前网络在信息表达和检索存在上面的缺陷,主要是因为设计目的是面向用户直接阅读与处理,而计算机是不能“理解”的。因此限制了计算机在信息检索中的自动分析与处理以及进一步智能化信息处理的能力。语义网的出现就是为了充分发挥网络的“最大潜能”,语义网相关技术能够为网络上的资源提供计算机可以理解的信息,给出计算机可以理解的表示资源的方法,最终使得人们能够更加充分利用网络资源。而作为语义网的基础——本体也是人们现在研究的热点之一。
本文详细介绍了传统信息检索技术并指出它的缺陷与不足,在此基础上引入了语义网的概念,介绍了作为语义网基础的本体的概念以及实现语义检索的原理与优势,并对构建本体方法以及构建本体工具做了详细介绍。本文利用protégé,结合基于软件生命周期的建模方法构建了一个大学领域本体UO,并在此基础上设计了基于大学本体的检索系统的三层体系结构,实现了查询生成与优化,同时给出了查询的推理算法。本文最后利用JenaAPI实现了基于本体检索的系统原型。
With the development of the technology of network, the information quantity's growth is the geometry level. But the network information resource's carrier is many and varied. Add the platform and the language is inconsistent with the standard. So each domain information resource's management and use have many difficulties. The people felt that is at a loss how to proceed, when they facing huge information resource time. On the one hand the network information resource fast growth, quantity is enormous, on the other hand the people wanted to find the true ideal information become more and more difficult. "The information overloads" and "the information disorientation" become one of hot spots which the people discuss. If wants to solve the above problem, we must overcome the insufficient of tradition retrieval technique. At present the network has the above flaw in the information expression and the retrieval, is mainly because the design goal faces the user reading and processing, and the computer cannot "understand". So it has limited computer's ability in automated analysis and processing in the information retrieval and further intellectualization information processing. The semantic net appearance is for the full display network "the biggest potential", The semantic net's technology can supply the information which the computer can understand to the network, It Provides a method to express the resources which computer can understand, Finally make people can sufficient use network resource. But as the foundation of the semantic net——ontology is also one of hot spots which the people study now.
In the paper, first the tradition information retrieval in detail was introduced and then points out its flaw and insufficiency. Second the semantic net concept was introduced, Sequential further introduced the concept of ontology which is foundation of the semantic net and then explain the semantic retrieval principle and the superiority. Construction ontology method and construction ontology tool is introduced in detail. And then construct the ontology of the essential information in the university ontology by using protege combined with the modeling method based on software lifecycle. Based on this and has designed three architecture of retrieval system which is based on the university basic information main body. Simultaneously has given the inquiry inference algorithm. Finally implement the prototype system based on ontology retrieval by using Jena API.
本文详细介绍了传统信息检索技术并指出它的缺陷与不足,在此基础上引入了语义网的概念,介绍了作为语义网基础的本体的概念以及实现语义检索的原理与优势,并对构建本体方法以及构建本体工具做了详细介绍。本文利用protégé,结合基于软件生命周期的建模方法构建了一个大学领域本体UO,并在此基础上设计了基于大学本体的检索系统的三层体系结构,实现了查询生成与优化,同时给出了查询的推理算法。本文最后利用JenaAPI实现了基于本体检索的系统原型。
With the development of the technology of network, the information quantity's growth is the geometry level. But the network information resource's carrier is many and varied. Add the platform and the language is inconsistent with the standard. So each domain information resource's management and use have many difficulties. The people felt that is at a loss how to proceed, when they facing huge information resource time. On the one hand the network information resource fast growth, quantity is enormous, on the other hand the people wanted to find the true ideal information become more and more difficult. "The information overloads" and "the information disorientation" become one of hot spots which the people discuss. If wants to solve the above problem, we must overcome the insufficient of tradition retrieval technique. At present the network has the above flaw in the information expression and the retrieval, is mainly because the design goal faces the user reading and processing, and the computer cannot "understand". So it has limited computer's ability in automated analysis and processing in the information retrieval and further intellectualization information processing. The semantic net appearance is for the full display network "the biggest potential", The semantic net's technology can supply the information which the computer can understand to the network, It Provides a method to express the resources which computer can understand, Finally make people can sufficient use network resource. But as the foundation of the semantic net——ontology is also one of hot spots which the people study now.
In the paper, first the tradition information retrieval in detail was introduced and then points out its flaw and insufficiency. Second the semantic net concept was introduced, Sequential further introduced the concept of ontology which is foundation of the semantic net and then explain the semantic retrieval principle and the superiority. Construction ontology method and construction ontology tool is introduced in detail. And then construct the ontology of the essential information in the university ontology by using protege combined with the modeling method based on software lifecycle. Based on this and has designed three architecture of retrieval system which is based on the university basic information main body. Simultaneously has given the inquiry inference algorithm. Finally implement the prototype system based on ontology retrieval by using Jena API.
引文
[1]Steven M.Beitzel,Eric C.Jensen,Abdur Chowdhury Fusion of effective retrieval strategies in the same information retrieval system Journal of the American Society for Informaiton Science and Technology 2004,55(10):846-858
[2]Search Engine User http://Avww.pewintemet.org/pdfs/pip-searchengine-user/pdf (2005-1-23)
[3]朱庆生,邹景华.基于本体论的论文检索系统的比较研究。情报学报,2002,1:42-47
[3]Jerome Euzenat Eight Question about Semantic Web Annotations IEEE Intelligent Systems 2002:55-62
[4]杨艳琴 领域本体查询体系结构和实现技术研究 硕士论文 哈尔滨工业大学2002年
[5]赵庆龄 基于ontology的土壤知识体系智能检索系统的设计与Web实现 硕士学位论文 中国农业大学2003年
[6]宛根训 自动商标检索系统 硕士学位论文 中国科学院自动化研究所2003年
[7]叶冰,陈鹰行业产品的Internet信息搜索研究 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS 2002 8(6):488-490
[8]T.Berners-lee and M.Fischetti.Weaving the web:The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor.Harper,San Francisco
[9]T.Bray,J.Paoli,and C.Sperberg-McQueen.Extensible markup language(xml).W3C (Word Wide Web consortium),1998.http://www.w3c.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210.html
[10]Tim Berners-Lee,James Hendler,Ora Lassila The Semantic Web Scientific Amercan 2001 284(5):34-43
[11]J.Hendle,DL Mcguinnes.DAPRA Agent Markup Language.IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001 15(6):72-73
[12]宋炜,语义网简明教程 高等教育出版社2004
[13]李善平等 本体论研究综述,计算机研究与发展第41卷第7期20004年7月
[14]Guarino.N,Masolo.C,Veter.G OntoSeek:Content-based access to the Web,IEEE Intelligent Systems 199914(3):70-80
[15]Mihalcea.R.F,Mihalcea.S.I Word semantics for information retrieval:moving one step closer to the Semantic Web[C],Tools with Artificial Intelligence Proceedings of the 13~(th)International Conference on 2001:280-287
[16]Jerome Euzenat Eight Question about Semantic Web Annotations IEEE Intelligent Systems 2002:55-62
[17]Rabarijaona.A,Dieng.R,Corby.O Building and searching an XML-based corporate memory IEEE Intelligent Systems May-June 2000 15(3):56-63
[18]廖明宏,程光明,吴翔虎一个智能搜索引擎计算机应用研究2001.5:29-31
[19]武成岗,焦文品,田启家等 基于本体论和多主体的信息检索服务器 计算机研究与发展 2001.6:641-647
[20]Gruber.T Ontolingua:A translation approach to portable ontology specifications Knowledge Acquisition 1993 5(2):199-200
[21]IEDF:http://www.idef.com
[22]M.Uschold Ontologies Principles,Methods and Applications.Knowledge Engineering Review,Volume 11 Number 2,June 1996
[23]Fernandez.M,Grmez Perez METHONTOLOGY:From Ontological Art towards Ontological Engineering AAAI-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering Stanford University March 24-26 1997
[24]杜文华 本体构建方法比较研究 情报杂志2005年第10期:25
[25]刘凤华,朱欣娟 信息系统领域的本体模型研究 西安工程科技学院学报2003(1):53-57
[26]李景,苏晓鹭构建领域本体的方法 计算机与农业2003年07期
[27]Grigoris Antoniou,Frank van Harnelen Web Ontology Language:Owl
[28]OWL:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/2004
[29]宋炜 语义网简明教程 高等教育出版社2004
[30]Protégé:http://Protege.stanford.edu/doc/users_guide
[31]http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/protegeOWLTutorial.pdf
[32]http:\\www.hpl.hp.co.uk\jena\Jena-2.5.2\doc\ontology\index.html#ontResource
[33]刘柏禽,高济本 体演化管理研究 计算机科学2004年
[34]涂志壶,陈刚基于OWL的网络化制造本体构建分析计算机应用与软件2006年8月
[35]潘晔,任广伟,舒艳利用本体进行Web数据集成贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)2006年6月
[36]徐立广,金芝 一个本体语言及本体构造工具的设计 计算机工程与应用2006.25
[37]房巍,李万龙基于本体的图书智能检索系统的建模与应用研究2006年6月[38]胡琳,向阳 基于本体和语义网技术的范例构建方法郑州轻工业学院学报2006年8月
[39]杜文华,董慧 本体建设工具比较研究.情报杂志,2005,2:5-7
[40]杜小勇,李曼,王大治.语义Web与本体研究综述.计算机应用,2004,24(10)
[41]邓志鸿,唐世渭,杨冬青.Ontology研究综述.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(5):728-730
[42]李兴隆 基于Ontology的文档检索 东北大学硕士毕业论文2005年1月28日
[43]颜端武,岑咏华,张炜.基于Ontology的个性化信息服务系统框架,现在图书情报技术第12期2005年
[2]Search Engine User http://Avww.pewintemet.org/pdfs/pip-searchengine-user/pdf (2005-1-23)
[3]朱庆生,邹景华.基于本体论的论文检索系统的比较研究。情报学报,2002,1:42-47
[3]Jerome Euzenat Eight Question about Semantic Web Annotations IEEE Intelligent Systems 2002:55-62
[4]杨艳琴 领域本体查询体系结构和实现技术研究 硕士论文 哈尔滨工业大学2002年
[5]赵庆龄 基于ontology的土壤知识体系智能检索系统的设计与Web实现 硕士学位论文 中国农业大学2003年
[6]宛根训 自动商标检索系统 硕士学位论文 中国科学院自动化研究所2003年
[7]叶冰,陈鹰行业产品的Internet信息搜索研究 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS 2002 8(6):488-490
[8]T.Berners-lee and M.Fischetti.Weaving the web:The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor.Harper,San Francisco
[9]T.Bray,J.Paoli,and C.Sperberg-McQueen.Extensible markup language(xml).W3C (Word Wide Web consortium),1998.http://www.w3c.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210.html
[10]Tim Berners-Lee,James Hendler,Ora Lassila The Semantic Web Scientific Amercan 2001 284(5):34-43
[11]J.Hendle,DL Mcguinnes.DAPRA Agent Markup Language.IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001 15(6):72-73
[12]宋炜,语义网简明教程 高等教育出版社2004
[13]李善平等 本体论研究综述,计算机研究与发展第41卷第7期20004年7月
[14]Guarino.N,Masolo.C,Veter.G OntoSeek:Content-based access to the Web,IEEE Intelligent Systems 199914(3):70-80
[15]Mihalcea.R.F,Mihalcea.S.I Word semantics for information retrieval:moving one step closer to the Semantic Web[C],Tools with Artificial Intelligence Proceedings of the 13~(th)International Conference on 2001:280-287
[16]Jerome Euzenat Eight Question about Semantic Web Annotations IEEE Intelligent Systems 2002:55-62
[17]Rabarijaona.A,Dieng.R,Corby.O Building and searching an XML-based corporate memory IEEE Intelligent Systems May-June 2000 15(3):56-63
[18]廖明宏,程光明,吴翔虎一个智能搜索引擎计算机应用研究2001.5:29-31
[19]武成岗,焦文品,田启家等 基于本体论和多主体的信息检索服务器 计算机研究与发展 2001.6:641-647
[20]Gruber.T Ontolingua:A translation approach to portable ontology specifications Knowledge Acquisition 1993 5(2):199-200
[21]IEDF:http://www.idef.com
[22]M.Uschold Ontologies Principles,Methods and Applications.Knowledge Engineering Review,Volume 11 Number 2,June 1996
[23]Fernandez.M,Grmez Perez METHONTOLOGY:From Ontological Art towards Ontological Engineering AAAI-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering Stanford University March 24-26 1997
[24]杜文华 本体构建方法比较研究 情报杂志2005年第10期:25
[25]刘凤华,朱欣娟 信息系统领域的本体模型研究 西安工程科技学院学报2003(1):53-57
[26]李景,苏晓鹭构建领域本体的方法 计算机与农业2003年07期
[27]Grigoris Antoniou,Frank van Harnelen Web Ontology Language:Owl
[28]OWL:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/2004
[29]宋炜 语义网简明教程 高等教育出版社2004
[30]Protégé:http://Protege.stanford.edu/doc/users_guide
[31]http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/protegeOWLTutorial.pdf
[32]http:\\www.hpl.hp.co.uk\jena\Jena-2.5.2\doc\ontology\index.html#ontResource
[33]刘柏禽,高济本 体演化管理研究 计算机科学2004年
[34]涂志壶,陈刚基于OWL的网络化制造本体构建分析计算机应用与软件2006年8月
[35]潘晔,任广伟,舒艳利用本体进行Web数据集成贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)2006年6月
[36]徐立广,金芝 一个本体语言及本体构造工具的设计 计算机工程与应用2006.25
[37]房巍,李万龙基于本体的图书智能检索系统的建模与应用研究2006年6月[38]胡琳,向阳 基于本体和语义网技术的范例构建方法郑州轻工业学院学报2006年8月
[39]杜文华,董慧 本体建设工具比较研究.情报杂志,2005,2:5-7
[40]杜小勇,李曼,王大治.语义Web与本体研究综述.计算机应用,2004,24(10)
[41]邓志鸿,唐世渭,杨冬青.Ontology研究综述.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(5):728-730
[42]李兴隆 基于Ontology的文档检索 东北大学硕士毕业论文2005年1月28日
[43]颜端武,岑咏华,张炜.基于Ontology的个性化信息服务系统框架,现在图书情报技术第12期2005年