分布式发电条件下配电系统保护原理研究
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摘要
随着环境污染、能源短缺等问题的出现以及集中式大电网发电模式自身缺陷的暴露,基于可再生能源的分布式发电技术得到了快速的发展。大量分布式电源的接入,将导致传统的基于辐射型结构的配电网电流保护无法满足要求,不能够快速、正确地动作。为此,本文针对分布式发电条件下配电网的保护方案进行了研究,以解决分布式电源接入所引起的一系列问题。
本文首先研究了分布式电源接入配电网以后的故障分析方法,从理论上推导了相应的短路电流表达式,在此基础之上分析了其对保护及重合闸的影响。
针对一些逆变型分布式电源出力随机变化导致传统电流保护的定值很难整定的问题,结合该情况下配电系统故障时的特点,在已有的自适应电流速断保护基础之上,对含逆变型分布式电源配电系统的自适应电流速断保护进行了研究。分析结果表明,当保护背侧接有逆变型分布式电源时,仍可按照已有的自适应整定表达式的形式来对保护进行整定,但其中某些参数的意义发生了变化。为了能更快地切除故障,对无通道保护在含分布式电源配电网中的应用进行了研究,提出了一种快速电流保护配置方案,该方案能够在不改变配电系统原有断路器安装配置的前提下快速地将故障线路从两端切除。
提出了一种基于分区纵联与过电流保护相配合的保护方案。该方案根据分布式电源接入点的位置,对被保护馈线进行了分区,在分布式电源的上游区域配置了方向纵联保护,而整条馈线则保留了过电流保护。为了能方便整定工作以及更快地切除故障,根据分布式电源接入位置的不同,馈线的过电流保护分别采用定时限或反时限形式。采用该方案后,不管分布式电源的输出功率如何变化,故障都能被可靠切除。
针对配电网馈线上一般不装设电压互感器的实际情况,提出了多分支节点故障方向的实用化判据,利用下游分支线路上电流幅值和相位之间的关系来判断有源多分支节点的具体故障分支;提出了基于限时电流速断保护的故障定位新方案,该方案利用限时电流速断的保护范围为本线路全长,且不超出相邻下一条线路这一特征,通过收集相关区域内保护的动作信息来对故障线路进行准确定位。
上述保护方案能够有效地解决分布式电源接入给配电网保护带来的问题,为分布式发电技术的进一步发展创造了条件。
As the problems of environment pollution, energy shortage and power supply mode of centralized bulk power grid happened, the distributed generation technology based on renewable energy sources is developed quickly. After distributed generators connected, traditional current protection suitable for radial distribution system may not meet the demands, leading to maloperation. To solve the problems caused by the connection of distributed generators, the protection schemes for the distribution system with distributed generation are studied in this dissertation.
Firstly, the fault analysis method of distribution system with distributed generators is investigated, and the expression of the short circuit current is derived theoretically. After so, the effect on traditional protection and reclosing is analyzed.
Due to the change of output power of inverter interfaced distributed generators (IIDG), the value setting of the traditional current protection becomes very difficult. Based on the fault characteristic of the distribution system under this circumstance and the traditional adaptive current instantaneous trip protection scheme, the adaptive current instantaneous trip protection scheme for the distribution system with IIDG is studied. The results show that the value of the relay whose dorsal side is connected to IIDG can still be set according to the form of traditional scheme, with some parameters defined newly. In order to clear the fault quickly, the study on application of non-communication protection in distribution system with distributed generators is carried, and a fast current protection configuration scheme is presented. With this scheme, the line can be cutoff quickly from two ends without changing the configuration of circuit breakers.
A new protection scheme based on the coordination of zoned pilot protection and overcurrent protection is introduced. According to the location of distributed generators, the feeder is divided into different zones. Directional pilot protection is configured at the upstream side of distributed generator, and the overcurrent protection is retained for the whole feeder. In order to be convenient for value setting and clear the fault quickly, definite-time or inverse-time overcurrent protection is adopted for the feeder based on different locations of distributed generators. No matter how the output power of the distributed generator changes, the fault can be cleared reliably with this protection scheme.
According to the situation of potential transformer uninstalled on the feeder of distribution system, the practical criterion for the fault direction of the nodes with multi-branch is presented, based on the relationship between the current amplitude and phase in the downstream branch of the node. In addition, a new fault location scheme based on limited time current instantaneous trip protection is introduced, using the operation information of the protection in the relevant zone and the feature of the limited time current instantaneous trip protection.
The protection schemes above can solve the problems caused by connection of distributed generators effectively, which can create the condition for further devemoment of distributed generation technology.
本文首先研究了分布式电源接入配电网以后的故障分析方法,从理论上推导了相应的短路电流表达式,在此基础之上分析了其对保护及重合闸的影响。
针对一些逆变型分布式电源出力随机变化导致传统电流保护的定值很难整定的问题,结合该情况下配电系统故障时的特点,在已有的自适应电流速断保护基础之上,对含逆变型分布式电源配电系统的自适应电流速断保护进行了研究。分析结果表明,当保护背侧接有逆变型分布式电源时,仍可按照已有的自适应整定表达式的形式来对保护进行整定,但其中某些参数的意义发生了变化。为了能更快地切除故障,对无通道保护在含分布式电源配电网中的应用进行了研究,提出了一种快速电流保护配置方案,该方案能够在不改变配电系统原有断路器安装配置的前提下快速地将故障线路从两端切除。
提出了一种基于分区纵联与过电流保护相配合的保护方案。该方案根据分布式电源接入点的位置,对被保护馈线进行了分区,在分布式电源的上游区域配置了方向纵联保护,而整条馈线则保留了过电流保护。为了能方便整定工作以及更快地切除故障,根据分布式电源接入位置的不同,馈线的过电流保护分别采用定时限或反时限形式。采用该方案后,不管分布式电源的输出功率如何变化,故障都能被可靠切除。
针对配电网馈线上一般不装设电压互感器的实际情况,提出了多分支节点故障方向的实用化判据,利用下游分支线路上电流幅值和相位之间的关系来判断有源多分支节点的具体故障分支;提出了基于限时电流速断保护的故障定位新方案,该方案利用限时电流速断的保护范围为本线路全长,且不超出相邻下一条线路这一特征,通过收集相关区域内保护的动作信息来对故障线路进行准确定位。
上述保护方案能够有效地解决分布式电源接入给配电网保护带来的问题,为分布式发电技术的进一步发展创造了条件。
As the problems of environment pollution, energy shortage and power supply mode of centralized bulk power grid happened, the distributed generation technology based on renewable energy sources is developed quickly. After distributed generators connected, traditional current protection suitable for radial distribution system may not meet the demands, leading to maloperation. To solve the problems caused by the connection of distributed generators, the protection schemes for the distribution system with distributed generation are studied in this dissertation.
Firstly, the fault analysis method of distribution system with distributed generators is investigated, and the expression of the short circuit current is derived theoretically. After so, the effect on traditional protection and reclosing is analyzed.
Due to the change of output power of inverter interfaced distributed generators (IIDG), the value setting of the traditional current protection becomes very difficult. Based on the fault characteristic of the distribution system under this circumstance and the traditional adaptive current instantaneous trip protection scheme, the adaptive current instantaneous trip protection scheme for the distribution system with IIDG is studied. The results show that the value of the relay whose dorsal side is connected to IIDG can still be set according to the form of traditional scheme, with some parameters defined newly. In order to clear the fault quickly, the study on application of non-communication protection in distribution system with distributed generators is carried, and a fast current protection configuration scheme is presented. With this scheme, the line can be cutoff quickly from two ends without changing the configuration of circuit breakers.
A new protection scheme based on the coordination of zoned pilot protection and overcurrent protection is introduced. According to the location of distributed generators, the feeder is divided into different zones. Directional pilot protection is configured at the upstream side of distributed generator, and the overcurrent protection is retained for the whole feeder. In order to be convenient for value setting and clear the fault quickly, definite-time or inverse-time overcurrent protection is adopted for the feeder based on different locations of distributed generators. No matter how the output power of the distributed generator changes, the fault can be cleared reliably with this protection scheme.
According to the situation of potential transformer uninstalled on the feeder of distribution system, the practical criterion for the fault direction of the nodes with multi-branch is presented, based on the relationship between the current amplitude and phase in the downstream branch of the node. In addition, a new fault location scheme based on limited time current instantaneous trip protection is introduced, using the operation information of the protection in the relevant zone and the feature of the limited time current instantaneous trip protection.
The protection schemes above can solve the problems caused by connection of distributed generators effectively, which can create the condition for further devemoment of distributed generation technology.
引文
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